Module 2

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 Agenda

Introduction to EC2
1
Regions and Availability
Zones 1 EC2 Instance Types

11 What is an AMI?
1 Introduction to EBS 1 Introduction to EFS

1 AWS FSx
1
Instance Tenancy and
Reserved and Spot Instances 1 EC2 and EBS Pricing

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What is EC2 ?

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 What is EC2 ?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a

computing capacity that is scalable in the Amazon Web
Services (AWS) Cloud. Using Amazon EC2 eliminates the
need to invest in hardware upfront, allowing you to
develop and deploy applications more quickly.

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 What is EC2 ?

Features of EC2

● Instances are virtual computing environments.

● Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) are preconfigured templates for your

instances that package the bits you need for your server (including
the operating system and additional software)

● Instance types are different configurations of CPU, memory, storage,

and networking capacity for your instances.

● Using key pairs, you can secure login information for your instances
(AWS stores the public key, and you store the private key in a secure
place)

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 Introduction is EC2 ?

Elastic: It is the level at which a system is able to adapt

to workload changes by provisioning and de- ELASTIC COMPUTE CLOUD

provisioning resources such that the resources meet

the current demand as closely as possible

Meaning of Elasticity

Servers and Databases EC2 Users

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 Meaning of Elasticity

Increasing
User Traffic

EC2

Users

Meeting the Requirements

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 Meaning of Elasticity

Decreasing
User Traffic

EC2

Users

Meeting the Requirements

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Regions and Availability Zones

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Regions and Availability Zones

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 Regions and Availability Zones
For instance, ‘us-east-1’ contains 6 data centers or availability zones:
Regions are geographical locations where AWS data-centers

reside. Following are AWS region names and their

us-east-1a
subdivisions: us-east-1b
us-east-1c
us-east-1d

US East: N. Virginia (us-east-1), Ohio (us-east-2) us-east-1e

us-east-1f
Region

US West: N. California (us-west-1), Oregon (us- west-2)

Availability Zone

Asia Pacific: Mumbai (ap-south-1), Seoul (ap- northeast-2), etc

EU: Frankfurt (eu-central-1), Ireland (eu-west-1), , etc

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EC2 Instance Types

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 Instance Types
The instance type determines the hardware of the underlying host computer on which EC2

instances are launched

Instance Types

General-purpose: Memory-optimized: Storage-optimized: Accelerated Computing: Compute-optimized:

T2 Burstable X1e H 1 P3 C5
M 5 X 1 I 3 P2 C4
M 4 R 4 D2 G3 C3
M3 R3 F1

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What is AMI ?

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 What is an AMI ?
Instances

Amazon Machine Image (AMI) contains the information

required to launch an instance.

• Operating system

• Architecture Xen Hypervisor

• Storage for the root device (Instance store or EBS-backed)

• Virtualization type (HVM or PV)

Server

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 Creating and Copying an AMI
Platforms Instances

Amazon Linux EC2

Python
Ruby Perl
AWS CLI AMI EC2
Apache
• Create an AMI from an instance
EC2
• Launch multiple instances from it
• Copy the AMI
• AMI permissions

AMI AMI
(us-east-1) (ap-south-1)

COPY

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 Public IP vs Elastic IP

• It is not associated • It is associated with

with an AWS account the AWS account

Elastic IP
Public IP

• No charges for the public IP, • Charges will be applied if the same
even if it is not being used is done with the elastic IP
while the instance is running
• The elastic IP is the same and
• Whenever the instance is re- static for every launch until we
launched, the public IP changes manually release it

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 Elastic Network Interface

A network interface is the interface between a computer and an

Internet network. The network IO happens through n/w interface cards

N/W interfaces contain: Internet N/W

• Elastic IP CPU
• Public IP N/W
Interface
• Private IP
Card
• Security Groups RAM

Elastic IP
Motherboard

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What is EBS ?

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 What is EBS ?

What is Block Storage

EBS (Elastic block storage) is an Amazon block-level storage
service that is intended to be used exclusively with separate EC2
instances; no two instances can have the same EBS volume
attached to them. EBS provides a high-performance option for
many use cases because it is directly attached to the instance,
and it is used for various databases (both relational and non-
relational) as well as a wide range of applications such as
software testing and development.

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 What is EBS ?

Features of EBS

● Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) persistent storage volumes,

also known as Amazon EBS volumes

● Regions and Availability Zones are multiple physical locations for your
resources, such as instances and Amazon EBS volumes.

● Using security groups, you can specify the protocols, ports, and
source IP ranges that can reach your instances.

● Elastic IP addresses are static IPv4 addresses used for dynamic cloud
computing.

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 Introduction to EBS
Physical volume

File System Basics

In simple terms, one physical volume will

be divided into multiple logical volumes Logical volume Logical volume

C: D:
Directory

File

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 Introduction to EBS
Path names

File System Basics Root / 1

/ 1
/bin/abc
2
A file system tree of a
/aws/bn
Linux or UNIX system 3
d
/bin bin Jan aw /aw
s s
/bin/xyz

xyz 2 abc /bin/abc bnd 3 foundation

aws-
[Link] /aws/bn /aws/foundatio
d n

/bin/abc/file2
us file1 file2

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EBS Concepts

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 EBS Concepts
It is the raw unformatted block-level storage; it is exposed as raw device to the EC2 instance EBS volumes persist independently from the
life of the EC2 instance
An EBS volume is automatically replicated within an availability zone
Throughput: It is the sequential transfer rate that an SSD or HDD will maintain continuously

IOPS: It is the measure of the number of I/O operations a drive, SSD, or HDD can handle per second with
each block being read from or written to a RANDOM location in the disk

EC2 Instance

EBS Data Volume

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 EBS Concepts
Volume Types

GP2: General-purpose ST1: Throughput-

IO1: Provisioned SSD optimized HDD SC1: Cold Storage HDD
SSD

• Baseline performance is
• From 100 to 32000 IOPS • Baseline performance • Baseline performance
3 IOPS/GB with a min. of
can be provisioned is 40 MB/s per TB with is 12 MB/s per TB with
100 IOPS and a max. of
• Max. throughput a max. of 500 MB/s a max. of 192 MB/s
10000 IOPS
per volume is 500 per volume per volume
• Max. burst performance
MB/s • Burst performance is • Burst performance is
is 3000 IOPS
250 MB/s per TB with 80 MB/s per TB with a
• Max. throughput per
a max. of 500 MB/s max. of 250 MB/s per
volume is 160 MB/s (16
per volume volume
KB IO size)

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 EBS Concepts

New Feature: EBS Multi-Attach

Amazon EBS Multi-Attach is now available on Provisioned IOPS io1 volumes

We can now enable Multi-Attach on Amazon EBS Provisioned IOPS io1 volumes to allow a single volume to be
concurrently attached to up to 16 AWS Nitro System-based Amazon EC2 instances within the same availability
zone

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 EBS Concepts
New Feature: EBS Multi-Attach

Without Multi-Attach With Multi-Attach

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 EBS Snapshots

Snapshot

A B B A B B
1st Snapshot

Snapshots are used to backup C D X C D X

100 GB
100 GB

data on EBS volumes

B B
A B
All snapshots are incremental B 2nd Snapshot B

backups except for the first one C D X D X

20 GB P Y P Y 20 GB

Snapshots are copied to B

A B B
Amazon S3
B 3rd Snapshot

D X
C
5 GB P Y 5 GB 20 GB

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 EBS Snapshots
Snapshot Copy
Copy snapshot to a different region
Instance

Snapshot

EBS

Snapshot Copy Create

us-east-1 us-east-1 us-west-2

Encrypt during copying

Encrypted
Copy and
Encrypt Copyright Intellipaat. All rights reserved.
 EBS Snapshots
New Feature: Data Lifecycle Manager for Snapshots

• Amazon DLM supports Amazon EBS

volumes and snapshots

• We can define backup and retention

schedules for EBS snapshots by creating
lifecycle policies based on tags

• It is free to use

• We no longer need to create custom

scripts for backup and restore

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 EBS Snapshots
Automating the snapshot cycle helps with:

• Protecting valuable data by enforcing a regular backup schedule

• Retaining backups as required by auditors or internal compliance

• Reducing storage costs by deleting outdated backups

Quotas for AWS DLM:

• We can create up to 100 lifecycle policies per region

• We can add up to 45 tags per resource

• We can create one schedule per lifecycle policy

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 EBS Encryption
Supported by all volume types but not by all instance types Instance

Snapshot Snapshot
Hello
%^@
%^@
!
!

EBS

Unencrypted to encrypted

Copy and Encrypt

%^@
Hello ! %^@
Hello
!

Encrypted to unencrypted

%^@
! Hello

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What is EFS ?

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 What is EFS ?
File Systems ?

EFS (Elastic file system) is a file-level storage service that

provides a shared elastic file system with virtually limitless
scalability. EFS is a highly available storage system that can be
used by multiple servers at the same time. Amazon Web Services
EFS is a fully managed service that provides on-demand
scalability. This means that the user does not have to be
concerned about their workload increasing or decreasing. If the
workload suddenly increases, the storage will automatically scale
up, and if the workload decreases, the storage will automatically
scale down.

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 What is EFS ?

Features of EFS

● Completely managed

● Data security that is both accessible and long-lasting

● Lifecycle management and storage classes

● Compliance and security

● Performance that scales

● Serverless file storage and containers

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 What is EFS ?
Amazon Elastic File System

Amazon EFS (Elastic File System) is a cloud-based file storage service

for applications and workloads that run in the
Amazon Web Services (AWS) public cloud

Why do we need EFS?

If our application is running on Amazon EC2 and needs a file system or in any use
case where a file system is needed

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EBS Vs EFS

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 EBS EFS

⮚ EBS Stands for Elastic Book Store ⮚ EFS stands for Elastic File system

Differences
⮚ It provides the block-level storage ⮚ It is easy to use.
volumes for the of EC2 instances.

⮚ It is used by database applications ⮚ It is used by the companies for

those who depends upon random improving content management systems
reads and random reply.

⮚ It is primarily used for data that must be ⮚ It is employed in the modernization of

quickly accessible while also being long- application development.
lasting.

⮚ EFS is a fully managed [Link] ⮚ On contrary , EFS is not a fully

means that your company's file system managed service
will never need to be patched, deployed,
or maintained.
What is Fsx ?

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What is Fsx ?

What is Fsx ?

Amazon FSx is a fully managed third-party file

system solution. It makes use of SSD storage to
provide fast performance with low latency.

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What is Fsx ?

Use cases of Fsx

● File systems that can establish permissions at the file or folder level
and are accessible by multiple users.
● Application workloads that use the SMB protocol and require shared
file storage provided by Windows-based file systems (NTFS).
● It is compatible with the following compute services:
● Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud ,Instances of Amazon Workspaces ,
Instances of Amazon AppStream 2.0 & VMWare Cloud VMs running
on AWS Environments.

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Features of FSx

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Features of Fsx

Storage
DFS (Distributed File System) Namespaces allow
you to group file shares from multiple file
systems into a single common folder structure
(a namespace) from which you can access the
entire file dataset.

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Features of Fsx

Migration
Using Windows' Robust File Copy (RoboCopy) to
copy your files (both the data and the full set of
metadata like ownership and Access Control
Lists) directly to Amazon FSx.

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Features of Fsx

Supports identity-based authentication via

Microsoft Active Directory over the Server Message Security
Block (SMB) protocol.

Amazon FSx automatically encrypts your data in

transit and at rest using AWS KMS and SMB
Kerberos session keys.

Amazon FSx is ISO, PCI-DSS, and SOC compliant, as

well as HIPAA compliant

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Amazon FSx for Lustre

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Instance Tenancy and Reserved and Spot
Instances

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 Instance Tenancy and Reserved and
Spot Instances

Shared/Default Instance

EC2 EC2 EC2 EC2 EC2 EC2 EC2

(cust- 1) (cust-2) (cust-3) (cust-4) (cust- 1) (cust-2) (cust-3)

XEN Hypervisor XEN Hypervisor

Hardware-1 (CPU, RAM, N/W) Hardware-2 (CPU, RAM, N/W)

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 Instance Tenancy and Reserved and
Spot Instances

Dedicated Instance

EC2 (cust-1) EC2 (cust-1) EC2 (cust-1) EC2 (cust-1)

XEN Hypervisor

Hardware (CPU, RAM, N/W) –

cust-1

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 Placement Group

Cross-platform PG

EC2 instances should support enhanced N/W

10 Gbps

us-east-1a us-east-2a us-east-2b

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 Reserved and Spot Instances

Reserved Instances

Regional RI – AZ and Instance Size Flexibility (Both default and dedicated

tenancy)
Resources and capacity is reserved until the contract
period ends Scheduled RI

Running Instance RI bought

4 [Link] Linux, default tenancy in AZ us-east-1a 4 [Link], Linux, default tenancy, AZ us-east-1a

2 m4.4xlarge Amazon Linux, default tenancy in us-east-1b 4 [Link], Amazon Linux, default tenancy, region us-east-1

[Link] RHEL dedicated tenancy in AZ us-east-1c [Link], RHEL, default tenancy, region us-east-1

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 Reserved and Spot Instances

EC2 Instances

Spot Instances

Spot Fleet

- Unused EC2 instances

available for lesser price than the
on-demand price
Spot Instance
- Instances are terminated if the Pool
spot price increases than the bid
price OS
Instance
- Significant price reduction
Type AZ

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Pricing

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 Pricing
EC2 Pricing (us-east-1) Data Transfer OUT:
From EC2 to
Pay as you use
-S3, Glacier, DynamoDB, SES, and
Free Tier: 750 hours per month of Amazon Linux,
SQS in same region = FREE
RHEL, SLES, Windows [Link] single instance
- S3, Glacier, DynamoDB, SES,
usage and
SQS in different region =
US$0.020/GB
On-demand - EC2, RDS, Redshift, Elasticache,
price: ELB, and ENI in same AZ = FREE
[Link] = US$0.096/hour with private IP and US$0.010/GB
Data Transfer IN:
[Link] = US$0.085/hour with
FREE from anywhere
[Link] = US$0.133/hour public IP
- EC2, RDS, Redshift,
Elasticache, ELB, and ENI in
SLA = 99.99% Uptime different AZ = US$0.010/GB

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 Pricing

Reserved Instance: 1 to 3-year terms Pricing

(on-demand us-east-1 region)

[Link] = US$0.192/hr Yearly = US$1681.92

Payment Type One Time Payment Total Yearly Cost Savings

No Upfront US$0 US$89.79*12 = US$1077.48 36%

Partial Upfront US$512 US512 + (42.34*12) = US$1020.08 39%

Full Upfront US$1003 US$1003 40%

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 EC2 Purchasing Options (RI)
Reserved Instances

Size: L, XL, & 2XL

Region
Instance Scope
Family: m4, c5, & i3
AZ (Zonal)

Default/Shared
Tenancy Windows
Platform
Dedicated Instance
Linux

Standard

Offering
Convertible

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 EBS Pricing

• gp2: US$0.1 per GB per month

• io1: US$0.125 per GB per month and US$0.065 per provisioned IOPS per month st1: US$0.045 per GB per month

• sc1: US$0.025 per GB per month

• EBS snapshot to Amazon S3: US$0.05 per GB per month

• Free Tier: 30 GB/month, a combination of gp2 and magnetic. 2,000,000 IO with magnetic, 1 GB of snapshot storage

Uptime SLA: 99.99%

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