-High-traffic urban locations typically require more hardscape The identified values of place and culture can provide

rovide the
materials and areas for social interaction. Plazas, college foundations for cultural tourism and planning and eco-
campuses, retail centers, and transit stations need to tourism strategies, thematic architectural planning and
accommodate both pedestrian and vehicle traffic. Contrastingly, cultural industries development.
parks, decorative courtyards, and country clubs benefit from
more natural greenspaces.

PROXIMITY TO NEARBY BUILDINGS- Proximity also falls into user

requirements as it requires the site to have access into different
building types to satisfy the need of the users.

ANTHROPOMETRICS- The study of human body measurement

for use in anthropological classification and comparison.
-The anthropometrics of the person is also a consideration
especially for the physically disabled people.
NATIONAL CULTURAL HERITAGE ACT OF 2009 (R.A. 10066)
-Through this law, the State endeavors to create a balanced
“If a user is unable to access certain areas, these spaces become
atmosphere where the historic past co-exists in harmony with
irrelevant and wasted, Universal design is the principle of
modern society, and to administer the heritage resources in a
designing for all users, regardless of age or ability. Landscape
spirit of stewardship for the inspiration and benefit of the
design is intended to enhance the quality of the user’s
present and future generations
experience outdoors. This would include patio and pathway
-This act also mandates that any government or non-
circulation, ground-cover transitions, and lighting to ensure
government infrastructure project or architectural site
safety for all ages.” - D’Artois
development shall include anthropological, archaeological,
historical and heritage site conservation concerns in their
CULTURAL/HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE- “A city can grow in
Environmental Impact Assessment System.
wealth and population, but its unique heritage, both built and
DEMOGRAPHICS- analyzing a site’s cultural and historical
cultural, is what sets it apart from other urban centers and adds
background, it is also important to identify and classify the
to its quality of life.”
people who reside around the neighborhood or within the
Cultural mapping -evolves the identification and recording of an
vicinity .It is important to consider the following factors: -
area’s of indigenous cultural resources for the purpose of a
Population density, age, and ethnicity - Household size,
social, economic and cultural development.
income, and composition.
Your paragraph text
PHYSICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
STABILIZING NEEDS- We have anteed to be free from fear,
anxiety and danger. And we have a need for clear orientation, a
PHYSICAL FACTORS- Analysis of average measurements and
need to develop and to hold a clear philosophy in life., a need
postures, movement, and growth results in a set of dimensions
to order and organize the environment a hope to have a say in
for parts of building and detailed landscape design.
its form and content through democratic process. The concept
of advocacy planning (self-help and self-determination) is to an
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS- Human physiological needs are also
extent related to this desire for stability through participation
relatively easy to specify. They result from interaction of the
in decisions concerning one’s own local environment.
inner biological condition of an individual with the surrounding
environment. People need food, water, air, exercise and
INDIVIDUAL NEEDS- Some of these overlap orate similar to
protection.
needs of self-expression. Here we recognize the need of people
Human psychological needs and
ascertain moments in their experience and development of
perception of the environment differ
self-awareness to be utterly alone in a period of time, the need
according to a multitude of
of privacy. The possibility of privacy today in urban
variables including age, social
environment becomes more remote The design environment
class, cultural background,
should make privacy a possibility.
past experience and motives,
and daily routine of the
ENRICHMENT NEEDS- People(especially children) have a thirst
individual.
for knowledge. Self-realization and personal creativity, and, it
The basic human inner condition may be classified into five
seems, a strong need for beauty and aesthetic experience.
generalized groupings of motivational forces and psychological
Human enrichment needs, then, seem to require the provision
needs: (1) social, (2) stabilizing, (3) individual, (4) self-
of information about the environment so that our
expression, and (5) enrichment. There is inevitably overlap and
understanding of what we see may be increased in detail.
potential conflicts among categories

CONTENTS:
1. SOCIAL NEEDS- includes the need of the individual for social
User Requirements
interaction, for group affiliation, for companionship, and for
Cultural/ Historical Significance
love. Together with these goes the more subtle need to be
USER REQUIREMENTS-Landscape design should enhance the
needed and to be sustained by others and by implication the
quality of the user’s experience. It’s important to remember
need for the protection of other people. The family group and
that landscape design is primarily for the benefit of people.
the peer group are obvious manifestations of these needs.
DEMOGRAPHICS
-Community facilities such as nearby shopping centers,
Three demographics processes:
employment hubs, residential areas churches, school, parks,
1. Fertility 2. Mortality 3. Migration
and playgrounds should be inventoried in relation to the site.
Determine whether adequate linkages exist, and, if not, decide
HISTORY
how they can be established or improved by future
-Campus plan or other large project may have a meaningful
development.
background that in fluences future expansion. It is then pertinent
to ask “Will historic factors be of consequence to the project?”
TRAFFIC AND TRANSIT - In inventorying existing vehicular
The history of these projects should be investigated and shown
networks, trips---including their origin and destination,
graphically so that the relevant influences may be considered in
purpose, time of the day, and volume—should be considered.
the design phase. The investigation may show, for example, that
Graphically plot transportation systems and their location or
specific buildings should be preserved within the redevelopment
routes when they are available. Check the volume of traffic or
of a campus, as should also be reviewed to see if artifacts are
frequency of flights to determine whether additional routes
present and need to be preserved.
are necessary. If sites are within 15 miles of airports, check
noise zones and building height restrictions for airport hazard
SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS
-Social Factors have a broad range of effects on community
DENSITY- Density is an important sociological and legal
facilities and services. Sometimes new facilities displace homes,
element in most types of development. In residential
businesses, or other community activities. For example, a new
development, it is expressed in numbers of families or dwelling
highway may cut through an area severing its cohesion by
units per acre. Density may also influence privacy, freedom of
creating visual or physical barriers and affecting business and
movement, or social contact among people
property values.

PERTINENT LAWS- Several laws and considerations must be

CONTENTS:
taken into action before establishing and preparing a site for
ACTIVITY/ COMMUNICATION LINKAGES
future constructions.
PERTINENT LAWS
ACTIVITY/ COMMUNICATION LINKAGES- While studying the
LAND USE- Land use is a generic term without a universal
location of the site and its relation to adjacent properties and to
definition. Land use may refer to many things; it may refer to
the community, all existing ties or linkages, if any, should be
buildings or the occupants, it may refer to the questions
specified. Linkages may involve the movement of people, goods,
pertaining to the occupancies of the land, and it may also refer
communication, or amenities.
to the kind of activities occur on the land.
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT ORDINANCES
-Land use simply refers to the function of land, particularly what
-The Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) is a
it’s being used for. Land use is a process of organizing the use of
national government agency tasked as the planning, regulatory
land to meet occupant’s needs while respecting the capabilities
and quasi-judicial body for land use development and real
of the land
estate and housing regulation. These roles are done via a triad
of strategies namely, policy development, planning and
ZONING- Zoning refers to municipal or local laws or regulations
regulation.
that govern how real property can and cannot be used in certain
geographic areas. For example, zoning laws can limit commercial
Laws that ensure rational land use and sustainable urban and
or industrial use of land in order to prevent oil, manufacturing, or
regional development
other types of businesses from building in residential
Executive Order No. 72 – providing for the preparation and
neighborhoods.
implementation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs)
-Zoning designations more specifically define and regulate what
of Local Government Units pursuant to the Local Government
kinds of uses are allowed on specific parcels and outline design
Code of 1991 and other pertinent laws.
and development requirements and guidelines.
Memorandum Circular No. 54 – prescribing the guidelines of
-It defines the rules that govern what and where people and
Sec. 20, R.A. 7160, authorizing cities/municipalities to
institutions can and cannot build in our cities, suburbs, and
reclassify lands into non-agricultural uses.
towns. Zoning tells us how tall our houses can be and how far our
Executive Order No. 124 – establishing priorities and
houses need to be away from the street. The purpose of zoning is
procedures in evaluating areas for land conversion in regional
to protect and conserve the value of land use.
agricultural/industrial centers, tourism development areas and
sites for socialized housing.

AESTHETIC, AND PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS

(SITE PLANNING AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE)
CONTENTS:
SITE CONTEXT
IMAGE/ SYMBOLS
SITE CONTEXT- In terms of the built environment, 'context' can
refer to the conditions which surround a particular site or
project, and to which it should relate and connect to in some
way
-The buildings and structures that make up the built environment do “Contextualism, or contextual architecture, is a principle of
not exist in isolation but are conceived and designed in order to design in which a structure is designed in response to its
respond to, support and enhance their surroundings. specific urban and natural environment.”
SITE CONTEXT- With the notion of context come connotations of the
existing fabric, the locality, tradition and the vernacular. By
IMAGE/SYMBOL- Graphic’s are best described as a pictorial
embedding the intentions of a design within the essence of its
descriptions or designs that are presented on a surface such as
surroundings, a connection linking new and old can be made, creating
a piece of paper, floor or wall, aiming to describe and illustrate
or maintaining a metaphysical ‘place’.
SITE CONTEXT OF A SITE MOGHT INCLUDE: a meaning.
▪ The topography of the area. -This method of representation amongst many other uses can
▪ The site’s history and previous uses. be used to present data in an eye-catching and easily
▪ Local culture. comprehendible manner that may otherwise be indigestible. It
▪ Architectural style. allows its audience to absorb information through combined
▪ Local materials and construction techniques. imagery, text, illustration and color, creating the ability to turn
▪ Weather and microclimate. what could be quite dry information into something very
▪ Political conditions. appealing.
▪ National and local policy.
 There are sensuous qualities, which can make or break the
aesthetics of our designs. These are: Vision, Hearing, Touch, and
Taste and Smell.

VISION- The most dominant sense in majority of people is our

sight. We can’t stop ourselves to look at what we find beautiful. It
is as if the light that reflects from the beautiful design acts as a
magnet for our eyes.
Visual aesthetics have these key elements: Color, Shape,
Pattern, Line, Texture.
Visual weight, Balance, Scale, Proximity and Movement. Using
these elements well will help us achieve good visual
aesthetics.
In site planning, this could be in the colors and shapes of the
plants, the pattern of the site design, the materials that we
use, the enframement of views.
HEARING- Our ears are capable of perceiving a whole another
level of aesthetic design.
The ability to hear the water element in the design or the
rustle of the leaves as the wind pass by or of powerful ocean
waves near the site.
This is the power of sound aesthetics.. Sound aesthetics have
these key elements: Loudness, Pitch, Beat, Repetition,
CONTENTS:
Melody, Pattern and Noise. Using them well will create
enjoyable “music” for our users.
Sensuous Qualities
TOUCH- The skin is the largest organ in human body. It also helps
Vocabulary of Space
us experience aesthetics. Material aesthetics are especially
SENSUOUS QUALITIES- Sensuous is believed to have been
important for physical products.
created by John Milton in 1641 to mean relating to the senses
The materials that we use in the development can be
instead of the intellect. Anything that is pleasing to the senses
powerful stuff that would draw in the users: plants, furniture,
can be called sensuous. Sensuous describes anything that feels,
pavements, and walls have different effects when touched.
tastes, smells, looks, or sounds good.
Material aesthetics key elements are: Texture, Shape, Weight, WATER- Water is equally elemental— simple nature but
Comfort, Temperature, Vibration and Sharpness. extremely varied in effect. The very number of descriptive
terms in the common language indicates its potential richness
TASTE AND SMELL in design. Moving water gives a sense of life. Still water
Taste and Smell are senses that help us experience aesthetics conveys unity and rest and may be used to clarify a plan.
even more deeply. In different environmental designs, these
senses play an important role in experiencing aesthetics. PLANT MATERIAL- Site planning is thought to be the spotting
Key elements are: Sweetness, freshness and aroma . Use of tress on a plan after houses and roads have been located
these elements when possible to enhance the full picture, so there but in architecture terms it is the organization of outdoor
our users can feel the aesthetics even deeper space in which the plant cover is only one element. Plants are
NATURAL FEATURES one of the fundamental landscape materials. Planting is

Blend in the natural features on site as a part of the new considered the “extra” in site development, the first item to be
development. - Landforms - Streams - Ponds - Woods cut when the budget pinches.

SPATIAL PATTERNS -Consider a vista, space or view to be DETAIL- A site includes many man-made details. Their
produced as a part of the design of the site. number becomes apparent when we try to catalog the
furniture of some existing area: fences, seats, signal, boxes,
VOCABULARY OF SPACE signs, light poles, meters, trash cans, fireplugs, man holes,
Vocabulary of space pertains to the sensuous forms of the site wires, lights and so on. It is obvious that the mere list conveys
these may include; - Ground form - Ground Texture - Water - a sense of clutter and disharmony.
Plant Material - Detail - Visual Structure .
VISUAL STRUCTURE- Perceiving an environment is creating a
GROUND FORM- In an urban area, space may be defined by man- visual hypothesis, building an organized mental image that is
made structures, in less dense development by the basic natural based on the experience and purposes of the observer as well
materials: rock, earth, water and plant cover. The configuration as stimuli reaching his eye. In building his organization he will
of the floor is determined by the existing topography whose seize on congenial physical characteristics: continuity, closure,
modeling must be thoroughly understood before work begins. differentiation, dominance, contrast of a figure on a ground,
GROUND TEXTURE- The textural finish of the ground can be a symmetry, order, repetition or simplicity of form.
source of delight in itself. It can also set a general visual
character and scale. The texture of the floor imparts sensations
of touch as well as sight.
▪ “Good planning and design will be the product of a process WATER- Water is equally elemental— simple nature but
which respects both nature of man and the nature of nature” extremely varied in effect. The very number of descriptive
--Elizabeth Kassler. terms in the common language indicates its potential richness
▪ The criteria for housing, recreation facilities, and use areas have in design. Moving water gives a sense of life. Still water
assumed a great deal about the nature of man. We consider how conveys unity and rest and may be used to clarify a plan.
social and psychological theory may present constraints or
positive direction in decision making and the development of form PLANT MATERIAL- Site planning is thought to be the spotting
at all scales of landscape architecture.. of tress on a plan after houses and roads have been located
CONTENTS: there but in architecture terms it is the organization of outdoor
a. Site values/Social Impacts
space in which the plant cover is only one element. Plants are
b. Behavior Settings
one of the fundamental landscape materials. Planting is
-Physical factors
considered the “extra” in site development, the first item to be
-Physiological factors
cut when the budget pinches.
-Psychological factors
SOCIAL IMPACTS:
▪ Site value is the unimproved value of your land, which means it
DETAIL- A site includes many man-made details. Their
number becomes apparent when we try to catalog the
excludes capital improvements such as buildings.
▪ Social impacts is the consequences to human populations of furniture of some existing area: fences, seats, signal, boxes,
signs, light poles, meters, trash cans, fireplugs, man holes,
any public or private actions that alter the ways in which people
live, work, play, relate one another, organize to meet their needs, wires, lights and so on. It is obvious that the mere list conveys
and generally cope as members of the society. Examples to be a sense of clutter and disharmony.
examined are:
▪ Migration of population and resettlement VISUAL STRUCTURE- Perceiving an environment is creating a
▪ Utilization of land and local resources visual hypothesis, building an organized mental image that is
▪ Existing infrastructures based on the experience and purposes of the observer as well
▪ Cultural heritage as stimuli reaching his eye. In building his organization he will
▪ Local conflict of interests seize on congenial physical characteristics: continuity, closure,
▪ Communicable diseases differentiation, dominance, contrast of a figure on a ground,
RECREATION SETTING- The interaction between human behavior symmetry, order, repetition or simplicity of form.
and the non human environment is a two-way process. On the one
hand, the environment has a definite impact on the individual, and
our response may be adapt to the imposed conditions.