Environmental Science Mock Paper
PART-I (MCQs) – Compulsory
(20 × 1 = 20 marks)
1. Which gas is the largest contributor to anthropogenic
climate change?
(A) Methane
(B) Carbon Dioxide
(C) Nitrous Oxide
(D) Ozone
2. The concept of Sustainable Development was
popularized by:
(A) Kyoto Protocol
(B) Brundtland Report
(C) Rio Declaration
(D) Stockholm Conference
3. Which biome has the highest biodiversity?
(A) Tundra
(B) Grassland
(C) Tropical Rainforest
(D) Desert
4. Acid rain is primarily caused by emissions of:
(A) CO and CO₂
(B) SO₂ and NOx
(C) O₃ and CH₄
(D) CFCs
5. Which international agreement aims to limit global
temperature rise below 2°C?
(A) Montreal Protocol
(B) Kyoto Protocol
(C) Paris Agreement
(D) Basel Convention
6. The main cause of eutrophication in water bodies is:
(A) Oil spills
(B) Heavy metals
(C) Nutrient runoff
(D) Thermal pollution
7. Which renewable energy source has the highest global
installed capacity?
(A) Wind
(B) Solar
(C) Hydropower
(D) Biomass
8. PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with diameter:
(A) Less than 10 microns
(B) Less than 5 microns
(C) Less than 2.5 microns
(D) Less than 1 micron
9. Ozone layer depletion is mainly caused by:
(A) CO₂
(B) Methane
(C) CFCs
(D) Nitrogen
10. Which sector is the largest consumer of freshwater
globally?
(A) Industry
(B) Agriculture
(C) Domestic
(D) Energy
11. Biodiversity hotspots are regions with:
(A) High population density
(B) High industrial activity
(C) High species endemism
(D) High rainfall
12. Which pollutant is mainly responsible for
photochemical smog?
(A) SO₂
(B) CO
(C) NOx
(D) Lead
13. The main objective of the Basel Convention is to
control:
(A) Climate change
(B) Hazardous waste movement
(C) Biodiversity loss
(D) Desertification
14. Which soil erosion type is most common in arid
regions?
(A) Sheet erosion
(B) Rill erosion
(C) Wind erosion
(D) Gully erosion
15. Carbon trading is based on the principle of:
(A) Polluter Pays
(B) Command and Control
(C) Precautionary Principle
(D) Equity Principle
16. Which gas has the highest global warming potential?
(A) CO₂
(B) CH₄
(C) N₂O
(D) SF₆
17. IPCC stands for:
(A) International Panel on Climate Control
(B) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(C) International Protocol on Climate Change
(D) None of these
18. Which disaster is most frequently linked to climate
change?
(A) Earthquakes
(B) Volcanic eruptions
(C) Floods
(D) Tsunamis
19. The main source of marine pollution globally is:
(A) Oil spills
(B) Land-based activities
(C) Shipping
(D) Fishing
20. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is conducted
to:
(A) Increase industrial growth
(B) Assess environmental consequences of projects
(C) Promote urbanization
(D) Control population growth
PART-II (Subjective Questions)
Attempt FOUR questions. All questions carry equal
marks.
Q.2 Evaluate the causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies
of climate change with special reference to Pakistan. (20)
Q.3 Discuss water scarcity as a global and national issue.
Analyze its causes and suggest sustainable management
strategies. (20)
Q.4 Examine the role of biodiversity in maintaining
ecosystem stability. What threats does biodiversity face in
the 21st century? (20)
Q.5 Analyze major sources and impacts of air pollution.
Discuss policy and technological solutions for air quality
management. (20)
Q.6 Discuss solid waste management practices in
developing countries. Evaluate challenges and propose
sustainable solutions. (20)
Q.7 Explain the concept of sustainable development.
Critically analyze Pakistan’s progress towards achieving
SDGs. (20)
Q.8 Evaluate environmental governance in Pakistan.
Highlight institutional, legal, and implementation
challenges. (20)