Horn of Africa College

ALPHA UNIVERSITY
Las’Anod campus

Topic Python

Title Introduction

Presenter Abdirahman Ahmed Mohamed

abdirahman4644@[Link] 00252905181633
 Introduction to Python

1 What is Python? 2 What does a Python do?

Python is a high level, general- With python you can perform:

purpose programming language. ▪ Data analysis
It supports multiple programming ▪ Automation
paradigms, including structured ▪ Web Apps
(particularly procedural), object- ▪ Mobile Apps
oriented and functional ▪ AI / ML
programming. ▪ Hacking and so on.
 print () function

1 What is print ()function? 2 print ()function syntax examples

Print () function prints the Print (“Hello World!”)

specified message on the screen Hello World
or other standard output devices.
Print (10+20)
30
 Variables

1 What is a variables? 2 Variable declaration examples

A python variable is a reserved Magac = “Abdirahman Ahmed”

memory location to store values.
Age = 25
Age = 25 Job = Instructor
Variable Assignment Value
Operator a=b=c=2
 Variable classes

1 Classes/types of variables 2 Print classes and multiple assignment

Int (integer) Class=> Print (type (name))

<class ‘str’>
Float
Str (string) Multiple assignment => a = b = 2
str => name = “Ahmed” print (a, b)
22
Int => age = 30 a, b, c, = 4, 10.5, “Ahmed”
Float => height = 1.78
 Basic Operators

Arithmetic operators Exapmle

a = 10
+ (plus) b = 12
- (minus) Print (a + b)
22
* (times)
a = “Ahmed)
/ (float division) b = 10*a
// (int division) Print(b)
% (remainder)
a = 10 * “Ahmed \n”
** (power) Print (a)
 Basic Operators

Comparison operators Examples

< (less than) a = 10
> (greater than) b = 20
== (equal to) Print (a > b)
!= (not equal to)
>= (greater than or equal to)
False
<= (less than or equal to) Print ( a != b )
True
 Basic Operators

Assignment operators Examples

a = 10
= (assignment) a += 5
+= (add) Print (a)
*= (times) 15
b = “Ahmed \n)
-= (subtract) b *= 10
/= (float division) Print (b)
//= (int division) Ahmed
Ahmed
%= (remainder equal) Ahmed..
**= (times equal)
 Basic Operators

Logical operators Membership operators

In
and not in
or Example
not a = “Hello”
B = “l”
Example Print (a in b)
a = True True
b = True Print (a not in b)
False
Print (a and b)
 Basic Operators

Identity operators Print (a is not b)

True
is
is not
Examples
a = 10
b = 12
Print (a is b)
False
 Input function

magac = input (“Gali magacaaga: ”)

Print (magac)
Gali magacaaga: Axmed
sannadka= int (input(“Gali sannadka dhalashada: ”))
da’ = 2023 – sannadka
Print (da)
Gali sannadka dhalashada: 1998
25
 Control flow – conditionals

If if…..else nested if
Example ( if ..)
a = int (input(“Enter a number less than 10: ”))
If a < 10:
Print (a, “is less than 10”)
If a == 10:
Print (a, “equals 10”)
If a > 10:
Print (a, “is greater than 10”)
 Control flow – conditionals

If…. else
Example
a = int (imput())
If a %2 == 0:
print (“dhaban”)
Else:
print(“kinsi”)
 Control flow – conditionals

If…..elif…. else
Example
a = int (input(“Enter a number: ”))
If a > 0:
print (“Positive”)
elif a < 0:
print(“Negative”)
else:
Print (“Zero)
 Control flow – conditionals
Nested …. If
Example Num = int (input(“Enter a number: ”)
If num % 2 == 0:
if num % 3 ==0:
print (“divisible by 2 and 3”)
else:
print (“divisible by 2 not 3”)
Else:
if num % 3 == 0:
print (“divisible by 3 not 2”)
else:
print (“not divisible by 2 and 3”)
 loops
While loop
Example
i=0
While i <= 10:
print (i)
i += 1
1
2
3
4
….
 loops
for loop
Example
For i in range (10):
Print (i)
1
2
3
…
9
 loops
for loop (use more parameters)
Example
For i in range (1, 10, 2):
Print (i)
1
3
5
7
9
 Loop control statements
Continue
Example
For i in range (1, 10, 2):
if i == 5:
continue
Print (i)
1
3
5
7
9
 Loop control statements
Continue
Example
For i in range (1, 10, 2):
if i == 5 or i == 9:
continue
Print (i)
1
3
5
7
9
 Loop control statements
Break
Example
For i in range (10):
if i == 5:
break
Print (i)
1
2
3
…
9
 List and list comprehensions
# Traditional way to create a list of squares
squares = [] # empty list
for i in range(5): # range(5) generates a sequence of numbers from 0 to 4
[Link](i * i) # append() method adds an element to the end of the
list
print(squares) # Output: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]

# list comprehension - a more concise way to create lists

squares = [i * i for i in range(5)]
print(squares)
 Lists, Tuples and Sets
# array lists in python - the array list is a collection of items that are
ordered and changeable.
# In python, array lists are called lists. Lists are written with square
brackets.
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(my_list) # print(my_list)
print(my_list[1]) # access the second element
print(my_list[-1]) # access the last element
# Array list methods
my_list.append(6) # add an element to the end of the list
my_list.remove(3) # remove an element from the list
my_list.insert(2, 3) # insert an element at a specific position
my_list.pop() # remove the last element from the list
my_list.sort(reverse=True) # sort the list in descending order
my_list.reverse() # reverse the order of the list
my_list.clear() # clear the list
 Lists, Tuples and Sets
# # tuples in python - a tuple is a collection of items that are ordered and
unchangeable.
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print(my_tuple) # print(my_tuple)
print(my_tuple[1]) # access the second element
print(my_tuple[-1]) # access the last element
# my_tuple.append(6) # tuples are immutable, so this will raise an error
print(my_tuple)
del my_tuple # delete the entire tuple
# sets in python - a set is a collection of items that are unordered and
unindexed.
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
print(my_set) # print(my_set)
my_set.add(6) # add an element to the set
my_set.remove(3) # remove an element from the set
my_set.update([7, 8, 9]) # add multiple elements to the set
my_set.discard(9) # remove an element from the set only if it exists
 Dictionary
# # dictionaries in python - a dictionary is a collection of items that are
unordered, changeable and indexed.
my_dict = {"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}
print(my_dict)
print(my_dict["name"]) # access the value of the key "name"
print(my_dict.get("age")) # access the value of the key "age"
my_dict["country"] = "USA" # add a new key-value pair
my_dict["age"] = 31 # update the value of the key "age"
my_dict.pop("city") # remove the key-value pair with the key "city"
my_dict.update({"city": "Los Angeles"}) # update the value of the key "city"
my_dict.clear() # clear the dictionary
del my_dict # delete the entire dictionary
 Functions
# Functions in python - a function is a block of code that performs a
specific task only when it is called.
def greeting():
return “Hello, how are you?"
print(greeting())
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Functions with parameters – a parameter is a variable that is used to pass
information into a function.
def greeting(name):
return f"Hello {name}" # function that returns a greeting message with
the given name
print(greeting("Ahmed")) # calling the function and printing the result
passed with the argument "Ahmed".
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def power(a, b): return a**b
print(power(10, 2))
 Modules
# modules in python - a module is a file that contains python code. A module
can define functions, classes and variables.

from datetime import date

print([Link]()) # prints the current date

------------------------------------------------------------------

from datetime import datetime

print([Link]()) # prints the current date and time
 File I/O
# Reading and writing files in python - Python has built-in functions for
creating, reading, updating, and deleting files.

with open('[Link]', 'w') as file:

[Link]("Hello World")
--------------------------------------------------------------------

with open('[Link]', 'w') as file:

[Link]('print("Hello word")’)
--------------------------------------------------------------------

with open('[Link]', 'r') as file:

content = [Link]()
print(content)
 Exception Handling
# Exceptions in python - an exception is an error that occurs during the
execution of a program.
try:
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(f"You entered {number}")
except ValueError:
print("You didn't enter a valid number")
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
try:
age = int(input("Enter your age: ")) # asks the user to enter their age
if age > 0:
print(f"You are {age} years old.") # prints the age
else:
# prints an error message if the age is not a positive integer
print("Age can only be a positive integer.")
except ValueError:
print("OOPS! You didn't enter a valid number.")
Thank you!