Kamalam Math

12 PROBABILITY
Class 12 - Mathematics

1. If it is given that A and B are two events such that P(B) = , P( B and P (A ∪ B) , [1]
3 A 1 4
) = =
5 2 5

P (B| A )
′
is equal to

a) 1

2
b) 1

c) d)
3 3

10 5

2. Let A and B be independent events with P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.4. Find P(A ∪ B). [1]

a) 0.58 b) 0.62

c) 0.55 d) 0.51
3. Two events E and F are independent. If P(E) = 0.3, P(E ∪ F)=0.5 then P(E|F) - P(F|E) equals [1]

a) b)
1 3

70 35

c) 2

7
d) 1

4. A couple has 2 children. What is the probability that both are boys, if it is known that one of them [1]
is a boy?

a) 1

4
b) 1

c) d)
3 2

4 3

5. Let A and B be independent events with P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.4. Find P(A ∩ B) [1]

a) 0.10 b) 0.12

c) 0.15 d) 0.14
6. What is Bayes' theorem state? [1]
7. If P (A) = and P (B) = find P (A ∩ B ) if A and B are independent events. [1]
3 1

5 5

8. An urn contains 4 red and 7 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random with replacement. Find [1]
the probability of getting 2 black balls.
9. Let and B be the events such that P(A) = 3

10
, P(B) = 1

2
and P(B/A) = 2

5
, find P(A/B). [1]
10. If A and B are the two events such that P(A) = 3

5
, P(B) = 7

10
and P(A ∪ B) = 10 , then find P(A / B).
9
[1]
11. Two cards are drawn without replacement from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that the [2]
first is a king and the second is an ace.
12. Prove that if E and F are independent events, then so are the events E and F′. [2]
13. If A and B are two independent events such that P (A
¯
∩B ) = and P (A ¯
)= , then find P(B). [2]
2 1
∩B
15 6

14. An urn contains 7 red and 4 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random with replacement. Find [2]
the probability of getting 2 blue balls.
15. A coin is tossed. If a head comes up, a die is thrown but if a tail comes up, the coin is tossed [2]
again. Find the probability of obtaining two tails.
16. An unbiased coin is tossed. If the result is a head, a pair of unbiased dice is rolled and the sum of [3]

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 the numbers obtained is noted. If the result is a tail, a card from a well shuffled pack of eleven
cards numbered 2, 3, 4, ..., 12 is picked and the number on the card is noted. What is the
probability that the noted number is either 7 or 8?
17. Probabilities of solving a specific problem independently by A and Bare 1
and 1
respectively. If [3]
2 3

both try to solve problem independently, then find the probability that
i. problem is solved.
ii. exactly one of them solves the problem.
18. The contents of three urns are as follows: Urn 1 : 7 white, 3 black balls, Urn 2: 4 white, 6 black [3]
balls, and Urn 3: 2 white, 8 black balls. One of these urns is chosen at random with probabilities
0.20, 0.60 and 0.20 respectively. From the chosen urn two balls are drawn at random without
replacement. If both these balls are white, what is the probability that these came from urn 3?
19. Three distinguishable balls are distributed in three cells. Find the conditional probability that all [3]
the three occupy the same cell, given that at least two of them are in the same cell.
20. In answering a question on a multiple choice questions test with four choices in each question, [3]
out of which only one is correct, a student either guesses or copies or knows the answer. The
probability that he makes a guess is 1

4
and the probability the he copies is also 1

4
. The probability
that the answer is correct, given that he copied it is 3
. Find the probability that he knows the
4

answer to the question, given that he correctly answered it.

Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability . What is
1

the probability that the student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly.
22. Consider the experiment of throwing a die, if a multiple of 3 comes up , throw the die again and if [5]
any other number comes up, toss a coin. Find the conditional probability of the event the coin
shows a tail, given that at least one die shows a 2.
23. In a class, 5% of boys and 10% of girls have an IQ of more than 150. In the class, 60% are boys [5]
and rest are girls. If a student is selected at random and found to have an IQ of more than 150,
then find the probability that the student is a boy.
24. A die is tossed twice. 'Getting an odd number on a toss' is considered a success. Find the [5]
probability distribution of number of successes. Also, find the mean and variance of the number
of successes.
25. Let d1, d2, d3 be three mutually exclusive diseases. Let S = {s1, s2, s3..., s6} be the set of [5]

observable symptoms of these diseases. For example, s1 is the shortness of breath, s2 is loss of
weight, s3 is fatigue, etc. Suppose a random sample of 10,000 patients contains 3200 patients
with disease d1, 3500 with disease d2 and 3300 with disease d3. Also, 3100 patients with disease

d1, 3300 with disease d2 and 3000 with disease d3 show the symptom S. Knowing that the patient
has symptom S, the doctor wishes to determine the patient's illness. On the basis of this
information, what should the doctor conclude?

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