UNIT 1

CHAPTER: 1- The 3 Ls of Empowerment

➢ Christine Lagarde calls for opening the doors to the three Ls of Women
Empowerment.
➢ Empowering women is necessary for economic growth.
➢ It leads to social prosperity.
➢ We can empower women through learning, labour and leadership.

Learning
➢ Learning helps women in their well-being.
➢ Educated women are shackle breakers.
➢ They become aware of their rights.
➢ If life is a long race, education provides training, nourishment and support.
➢ Education helps women to raise themselves up.
➢ It helps women to break down the divides.
➢ If you educate a boy, you train a man. If you educate a girl, you train a village.
➢ Women's education is a blessing.
➢ We should make it a global priority.
➢ Malala's demand for education is admirable.
➢ Sweden has the highest female participation in the world. They invest high
in
childcare and education.
➢ In short, education uplifts, enflames and ennobles the human spirit.

Labour

➢ When more women work, economies grow.

➢ Since 1990, only 50% of women are working.
➢ In this most of them work in the informal sector.
➢ Labour helps women to flourish and achieve their true potential.
➢ But women are paid less.
➢ Unpaid care workers among women are high.
➢ If we pay them, it will exceed 40% of GDP.
➢ Of 190 economies, (according to 2023) 69 economies have laws
preventing women's decision to work.
➢ But Sweden has flexible work arrangements for women.
➢ Brazil has increased women's participation from 45% to 60%.
➢ Let us remember that women in the workforce can boost productivity and
economic
output.
➢ One of the basic norms should be equal pay for equal work.
➢ Let us provide loan facilities for women.
➢ Let us bring healthcare and education policies for women.
➢ Let us change the laws in favour of women.

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 ➢ Let us ensure favourable work environment for women.
➢ Let us encourage more women to the workforce.

Leadership
➢ When women get a chance to lead, they lead better.
➢ Women in leadership can make a difference.
➢ Women are good decision makers.
➢ Women are more inclusive.
➢ Women are more patient.
➢ Women are more respectful.
➢ Women leaders are more relational and collaborative.
➢ They have proved themselves to be capable leaders.
➢ Women are over qualified and over prepared. But they lack confidence.
➢ So let us step out of our comfort zones.
➢ Let hope put out fear.
➢ Let courage conquer timidity.
➢ Let us reset the story.
➢ Let us change our mindset.
➢ Let us dare the difference.
➢ “We shall by morning inherit the earth, our foot is in the door”-Sylvia Plath.

SPEECH MODEL-COMMON FRAME

Respected Teachers and my dear

friends, Good morning.
➢ I am here to speak on the topic…………………
➢ We all want a better future, but it begins with a choice.
➢ Let me share my views with you.
➢ Every one of us has the power to make a change.
………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………
➢ In the end, the choice is ours and let us make the right one.
➢ Together we can make the impossible possible.
➢ Let me conclude my words.
➢ Thank you for your time and let’s make this happen.

Excerpt-Based Sample Question.

Read the given excerpt and answer the questions that follow.

It is time to create a world where all women can meet their potential without
impediment or prejudice and the world will reap the benefits. The three Ls will help us
get there.

1. Identify the speaker.

Christine Lagarde

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 2. Which are the three Ls referred to here?
Learning, Labour and Leadership

Important
✓ Speech/ Essay/ Article
✓ Paragraph questions- Learning/labour/ leadership
✓ Excerpt based questions.

CHAPTER: 2 - Any Woman

➢ Any Woman is a poem by Katharine Tynan.
➢ It describes the role of a mother.
➢ Mother is the foundation of a family.
➢ Mother holds her children together inside the sacred ring.
➢ Mother is like a knot or a twist.
➢ Without mother the house would be cold and lifeless.
➢ The mother is the pillar of a house.
➢ Without her house or the walls would fall.
➢ The mother is all in all of the house.
➢ She takes care of her children, she serves food for them, she spreads bed for
them.
➢ She protects them from all dangers.
➢ Mother prays to God to give her a long life until her children flourish.

POEM COMPARISON (ISSCC)

Paragraph 1 I-Introduction
Paragraph 2 S-Summary of the given poem
Paragraph 3 S-Summary of the poem we have studied
Paragraph 4 C-Comparison using suitable expressions
Paragraph 5 C-Conclusion using suitable expressions

Common Frame
Introduction
➢ The poem …….is written by ……
➢ He/ She has made an indelible mark in the domain of poetry.
➢ The poet deals with a universal theme in the poem.

Summary of the given poem

➢ ...................... In the poem….. is the speaker

➢ He/ she speaks about ……….
➢ It reminds us of ………..
➢ The poem celebrates the selfless nature of mother/ speaker.

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 ➢ It emphasizes strength, kindness and love.
➢ The poem touches on the sense of belonging.
➢ It focuses on mutual support.
➢ It throws light on living closely.
➢ It focuses on the bond between members in a family/ neighbours/society.
➢ The poet has used many poetic devices.
➢ The rhyme scheme of the poem is…….
➢ There are multiple figures of speech like simile, metaphor, personification etc
➢ They increase the beauty of the poem.
➢ The language is simple yet powerful.
➢ The structure of the poem compliments its theme.
➢ It gives a unique form to the poem.
➢ There is a striking balance between form and content.
➢ It gives a special elegance to the poem.
➢ The symbolism adds layers of meaning to every line.

Summary of Any Woman

Write the 12 sentences given above as a summary.
Comparison
➢ Both poems speak about……
➢ In the given poem, the speaker is… whereas in the poem ……., the speaker
is……….
➢ Both poems are simple poems.
➢ The poetic devices used in the poems are effective.
➢ The use of metaphor adds depth and meaning.
➢ The imagery in the poems clearly brings the emotions and setting to life.
➢ The rhythm and flow of the poems enhance its overall effect.
➢ Both poems beautifully capture the complexity of human emotions.

Conclusion
➢ .................. The line is striking. It has an appealing quality.
➢ The poem conveys a great message to the readers.
➢ It’s a work that speaks to the heart and lingers in the mind.

Sample Question
Elaborate the idea of the given lines.

"Thou whom a
woman laid in a
manger,
Take me not till the children grow!"

These lines are taken from the poem "Any Woman" by Katharine Tynan. The mother is
the speaker. She prays to God to give a long life until her children flourish. The lines

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reveal the mother's love and care.

Important:
✓ Poem comparison
✓ Annotation
✓ Paragraph on Mother
✓ Elaborate the idea of given lines.

CHAPTER: 3 - Matchbox
➢ Ashapurna Debi compares women to matchboxes.
➢ Women, like matchboxes, appear to be calm and meek outside.
➢ Like matchboxes, women are found in the kitchen, pantry and bedroom.
➢ Sometimes men carry them in their pockets too.
➢ But women have the power to burn everything.
➢ Like a single matchstick can burn a thousand Lankas, women too have
the power to burn everything.
Nomita
➢ Nomita is the wife of Ajit in the story Matchbox.
➢ She comes from a poor background.
➢ She is married to a rich family because of her looks.
➢ Ajit, her husband, opens and reads letters addressed to Nomita.
➢ Nomita does not have the freedom to read the letters addressed to her.
➢ The letter is from her mother requesting money.
➢ Sometimes Ajit does not handover the letter to Nomita.
➢ She lacks her own space.
➢ She is fed up with her husband's ugly habit.
➢ She takes a matchbox and lights up the Anchol of her saree.
➢ Ajit puts out the fire.
➢ She goes back to her normal life.
➢ Women like Nomita suppress all their pain; they live in colourful shells.
➢ She’s not able to send money to her mother on her own, she is not an
educated woman.
➢ Nomita is not an
empowered woman. Ajit.
➢ Ajit is the husband of Nomita.
➢ He belongs to a rich family.
➢ He continuously mistreats his wife.
➢ He reads the letters of his wife.
➢ His mother-in-law sends letters asking for money.
➢ He ignores them. He sometimes does not give the letters to her.
➢ When his wife asks, he acts as if he had forgotten to give the letter.
➢ He thinks that he can behave as he likes.
➢ He does not even respect the feelings of his wife.
➢ He does not give the minimum freedom or space that his partner wishes.

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 ➢ He even challenges his wife.
➢ He says she cannot do anything.
➢ He knows that after all, Nomita will be silent after some time.
➢ He’s confident that he can put her in his pocket like a matchbox.
➢ He is a representative of male chauvinistic society.

BLURB-COMMON FRAME

(Name of work) and Other Stories/ Poems of (Name of Author)

• Mr/ Ms ............. has left an indelible mark in the realm of short stories/poetry.
• This is a collection of interesting poems/ stories by the writer.
• It is filled with the human vibes.
• The poems/ stories in this book will definitely conquer the hearts and minds of the readers.
• “The bestselling author”- The New York Times.
Publisher: Oxford Price: Rs 120/-

SAMPLE ANSWER IN A COMMON FRAME

WELCOME SPEECH - PANEL DISCUSSION ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

➢ Respected Panellists and all my dear friends,

➢ I am excited to welcome you all to this panel discussion on the topic,
Woman-Changing Roles in the 21st century.
➢ First of all, let me introduce the panellists.
➢ We have a panel of experts taking part in this discussion.
➢ Let me introduce Mrs Meena who is an advocate and an activist on women’s
rights.
➢ Next let me introduce the second panellist Mr Williams, who is a social
activist.
➢ Our third panellist is Mrs. Janaki, who is a member of the women rights
commission.
➢ We have the fourth panellist, Miss Suneetha, who is a postgraduate student.
➢ We also have the moderator Mrs Annie, the Head of the Department of
Women’s Studies at Shangrila University.
➢ It is my absolute pleasure to welcome each and every one of you to this panel
discussion.
➢ Dear audience, I hope you would find this discussion engaging, inspiring and
memorable.
➢ Thank you all for being here.
➢ Let us make this a remarkable day together.
➢ Let me conclude my words. Thank you.

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SAMPLE ANSWER - PANEL DISCUSSION-PRESENTATION

Your class is conducting a panel discussion on the topic, "Indian Women Finding a Space
in the Socio- Cultural Milieu ". You are the second panellist speaking about the need for
cultivating mental strength and mental toughness in women. What would be your
points?

Dear friends,
Good morning
I'm happy to be here with you. I would like to express my views on the topic “The Need
for Cultivating Mental Strength and Mental Toughness in Women "
Women face many challenges. They are subjected to various crimes. The need of the hour
is to empower women. Mental strength and mental toughness should be cultivated in
women. Our society demands brave women. Building a positive mindset is important. If
women are empowered, they can attain their goals.
Thank you. Have a nice day.

Important
✓ Why are women compared to matchboxes? OR What is the
significance of the title “Matchbox “?
✓ Character sketches of Nomita and Ajit.
✓ Blurb
✓ Panel Discussion-Presentation by Panellist, Welcome Speech

CHAPTER: 4 - Horegallu
➢ Sudha Murty recollects her childhood in her village.
➢ There was a huge banyan tree in the middle of the village.
➢ It provided shelter and support to travellers.
➢ There was also a Horegallu near the banyan tree.
➢ Horegallu means a stone bench. People can sit and rest on it.
➢ The travellers used to sit on the Horegallu and take rest.
➢ Then they would continue their journey. Horegallu helped the
travellers to unload their burden.
Ratna and Grandfather are human horegallus.

➢ Sudha Murty’s grandfather was a retired teacher.

➢ He sat on the Horegallu and listened to the travellers.
➢ The travellers shared their problems with him.
➢ He would listen to their problems.
➢ When Sudha Murty grew up, she saw Ratna in her office.
➢ She was a senior clerk, middle aged.
➢ Ratna was always pleasant.
➢ She moved with an infectious cheerfulness.
➢ She listened to the problems of her co-workers.

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 ➢ She did not give them a solution.
➢ She listened with patience and without any judgment.

Sharing is caring

➢ Ratna and Grandfather did not expect anything in return.

➢ They found time to listen to the problems of people.
➢ It was a social service.
➢ When we share problems, we get relief.
➢ Horegallu helps us to regain strength and continue our journey.
➢ We can also be horegallus.
➢ We can also listen to the problems of others.
➢ We need to show patience.
➢ We should not break their confidence. Trust is the basis.
➢ We should not judge the person.
➢ A good listener understands that sharing is caring.

Important
✓ Significance of the title.
✓ Grandfather and Ratna.
✓ Sharing is caring

UNIT 2
CHAPTER: 1 -
Mending Wall
➢ The poem Mending wall tells the story of two neighbours.
➢ They meet each other in every spring season.
➢ They repair the stonewall.
➢ The poet asks his neighbour if they really need a wall.
➢ He says that Nature does not love walls.
➢ That is why nature causes the ground to swell.
➢ He also blames the hunters for destroying the wall.
➢ The neighbour replies by saying that good fences make good neighbours.

DEBATE – GOOD FENCES MAKE GOOD NEIGHBOURS

For
➢ Boundaries and spaces are essential in life.
➢ Building walls can keep up good relations.
➢ Walls maintain long lasting relationship with neighbours.
➢ Wall makes us aware of our property and our rights.
➢ Wall offers privacy and protection.

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 Against
➢ Wall separates people.
➢ It reduces relationships.
➢ There is no sharing.
➢ It makes people selfish.
➢ Wall restricts movement.

Figures of Speech
➢ There are examples for metaphor, personification, alliteration, simile etc.
➢ They make the poem beautiful.
➢ A few examples are: like an old- stone savage armed- simile
➢ Stay where you are - personification
➢ I am Apple - Metaphor
➢ What I was walling in and walling out – Alliteration
Sample Question
Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow.
He moves in darkness as it seems
to me, Not of woods only and the
shade of trees.

1. Identify the poem from which these lines are taken.

2. Who is mentioned as "He" here?

Important
✓ Debate/ paragraph - Good fences make good neighbours
✓ Annotation
✓ Poem Comparison

CHAPTER: 2 - Amigo Brothers

➢ Amigo Brothers is a short story written by Piri Thomas.
➢ The story tells about the friendship of Antonio and Felix.
➢ They were 17 years old.
➢ They were thick friends even from childhood.
➢ They wanted to be the lightweight champions in boxing. They were
determined.
➢ They worked hard.
➢ They were to meet each other in the division finals.
➢ They decided not to meet each other until the day of the fight.
➢ They could not think of hurting each other.
➢ They were best fighters inside the ring and best friends outside the ring.
➢ They played brilliantly.
➢ They left the ring before the winner was announced.
➢ Their friendship won above everything.

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LIVE TV REPORT
➢ Hello viewers, I am …… from Star Sports.
➢ ....................... Now I am at Stadium.
➢ Today we bring before you the live ……………….
➢ It is a fine day.
➢ This is a beautiful place.
➢ So many people have gathered here to watch the…………………….
➢ We can see the …………….
➢ What a stunning performance!
➢ Both are showing great energy.
➢ This is the moment that we have all been waiting for.
➢ What an unbelievable twist!
➢ I have no words. How wonderful it is!
➢ Stay tuned.

Important
✓ Friendship of Amigo Brothers
✓ Live TV Report
✓ Announcement

CHAPTER: 3 - The Hour of Truth

CHARACTER SKETCH / SUMMARY
➢ The Hour of Truth is a one-act play by Percival Wilde.
➢ The play focuses on the corrupting influence of money on people.
➢ Robert Baldwin is the central character in the play.
➢ He works as the secretary of a bank owned by John Gresham.
➢ The President of the bank, John Gresham is arrested.
➢ He misappropriated the funds of the investors.
➢ Baldwin is the only witness.
➢ Gresham offers Baldwin $100,000 to say the three words, “I don’t
remember”, in the
court.
➢ Even his family forces him to receive the bribe.
➢ But Robert Baldwin stays firm and determined.
➢ He would not deviate from his path of righteousness.
➢ He is honest. He is true to the core. He says: I will go to my grave clean.
➢ His honesty is repaid in the end when he gets a job offer from Mr Marshall.
➢ He is appointed as President at the Third National Bank.
➢ The play reminds us that truth wins in the end and that honesty is the best
policy.

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ANNOUNCEMENT -STAGING OF THE PLAY/INTRODUCTORY SPEECH
➢ Ladies and gentlemen,
➢ Here is the moment we have all been waiting for.
➢ We are excited to announce …………….
➢ This powerful one act play tells the story of……
➢ The play is directed by………
➢ We promise an evening filled with emotion, suspense and fun.
➢ Join us for an inspiring show and make it a success. Don’t miss this chance.
➢ Thank you for your attention and support.
➢ Here we go!!

Corruption
➢ Corruption reduces the development of our country.
➢ Corruption is a social evil.
➢ It has become part and parcel of our life.
➢ It has been eating into our vitals.
➢ Causes of corruption are social, psychological and cultural.
➢ Only a few people criticize and fight against corruption.
➢ Corruption delays effective democracy.
➢ The gap between the rich and the poor is increasing.
➢ It increases jealousy, hatred and insecurity.
➢ Poverty increases and public trust decreases.
➢ Corrupt people should be isolated.
➢ There should be no judicial delay in giving punishment to the corrupt.
➢ There should be transparency in decision making and implementation of
policies.
➢ The public should be made aware of this and they must act vigilant.
➢ Above all, each individual should decide that they will never fall into the pits
of corruption.

Important
✓ Character sketch- Robert Baldwin
✓ Announcement
✓ Corruption- essay/ article/ speech
✓ Newspaper Report

UNIT 3
CHAPTER: 1 - A Three Wheeled
Revolution

Irfan Alam
➢ Irfan Alam is a social entrepreneur from Bihar.
➢ He is the founder and chairman of SammaaN foundation.

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 ➢ He is a very simple man with big dreams. Entrepreneurship is in his blood.
➢ He started a portfolio management firm when he was 13.
➢ He won the famous reality show Business Baazigar.
➢ He founded the SammaaN Foundation in 2007 to uplift the rickshaw sector.
➢ He selected rickshaw pullers and gave them training.
➢ The life of rickshaw pullers was pathetic.
➢ Most of them did not own the rickshaws. They had to pay rent and did not
make profit.
➢ Irfan redesigned the rickshaws to make the journey comfortable for the
passengers.
➢ The rickshaw pullers sold newspapers, water bottles, mobile cards etc
inside the rickshaw and displayed ads.
➢ The SammaaN people helped to get loans for the rickshaw pullers.
➢ SammaaN provided Id cards, uniforms, insurance and free classes for the
rickshaw pullers and their families.
➢ They made a profit. SammaaN grew to so many states in India.
➢ SammaaN sets the record for the first time prepaid rickshaws in India.
➢ Irfan hopes that rickshaws are the vehicles of the future because they are
environment friendly or they are pollution free.

Social Entrepreneurship
➢ A Social Entrepreneur does a business to contribute something to the society.
➢ Social entrepreneurs can help different sections of society.
➢ He/She provides service to the society along with doing business.
➢ Social entrepreneurship combines social service and business in an
acceptable model.
➢ Social entrepreneurship focuses on solving social, cultural, or environmental
issues.
➢ It involves starting companies that aim to make a positive impact on society.
➢ Social entrepreneurs prefer helping communities to making large profits.
➢ They use creative ideas and resources to improve people’s lives.
➢ Their projects often focus on community development and sustainable
solutions.
➢ Irfan Alam and Shaheen Mistri are two great social entrepreneurs.

INTERVIEW-COMMON FRAME
➢ What made you select this field? It was my passion from childhood
➢How did you overcome failures? I believe in the saying: No gains without pains
➢What is your message to the student community? Every minute is precious. Don’t
waste time.
COMMON FRAME
SPEECH INTRODUCING ANY FAMOUS PERSON
➢ Good morning.
➢ I am excited to introduce a special person.

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 ➢ He/ She needs no introduction.
➢ She/he deserves our admiration and attention.
➢ He/ She is known for his/ her compassion, wisdom, and drive to give back to
the community.
➢ She/he is famous for changing many lives and inspiring generations.
➢ Yes, Dear friends... He/ she is none other than Irfan Alam/ Shaheen Mistri /
any famous person.
➢ She/he truly leaves an indelible mark in history.
➢ He/she reminds us that success is not just about personal gain.
➢ It is about making a difference in the world.
➢ Let us extend a warm welcome to this remarkable individual, a true
leader and a role model, with a loud round of applause.
Important
✓ Essay/ Write up - Social Entrepreneurship and Irfan Alam
✓ Interview
✓ Speech introducing a famous person

CHAPTER: 2 - Didi
Shaheen Mistri
➢ Shaheen Mistri is a social entrepreneur from Mumbai.
➢ She is an Indian social activist and educator.
➢ She is the founder of Akanksha foundation and CEO of Teach for India.
➢ She was born in a wealthy family.
➢ She spent her school years abroad because her father was a banker.
➢ A visit to an orphanage became a turning point in her life.
➢ She wanted to do something in return for the favours she got in life.
➢ Her visit to India during vacations made her realize the inequality that existed
in India.
➢ She wanted to stay back in India and help the slum children.
➢ She made her parents agree to her plan.
➢ She joined St Xavier's college in Mumbai.
➢ She spent most of her time walking around the city and observing things.
➢ Shaheen found the Indian education system very bookish compared to the US.
➢ She learned more outside the classroom.
➢ She started teaching the slum children and a few came forward to help her
and support her.
➢ She founded the Akanksha in 1991.
➢ From a single class with 15 children, Akanksha grew to 58 centres and 6
schools with over 3500 children.
➢ They taught English, Math, values, confidence and self-esteem.
➢ The children call her DIDI.

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Email Invitation
Send To:
Cc:
Bcc:
Sub:
invitati
on
Dear
Sir/
Mada
m,
➢ Warm greetings to you.
➢ I hope this message finds you well.
➢ I am Sonu, the secretary of ……. Club of ABC school.
➢ On behalf of ABC school, I invite you to be the esteemed Chief Guest at our upcoming
function.
➢ Your presence and insights would greatly inspire our attendees.
➢ It would add great value to the occasion.
➢ Details of the event are as follows:
o Date: Time: Venue:
➢ Thank you very much for considering our invitation.
➢ We hope to have the privilege of welcoming you as our
Chief Guest. Regards,
Sonu
Secretary, Social Science Club.
0987654321

Job Application with Resume

My Address Date
The Manager, XYZ Company

Dear Sir,
➢ I saw your ad in the newspaper.
➢ I would like to offer myself as a candidate for the post of office assistant in
your company.
➢ I have completed my graduation in Economics.
➢ I have also completed a Diploma in Computer Application.
➢ I have been working as a clerk in a private company for the last three years.
➢ I know Malayalam, English, Hindi and Urdu.
➢ I have excellent communication skills in English and Hindi.
➢ If I am selected, I will work hard for the growth of your company.
➢ My resume is enclosed herewith.
➢ I look forward to hearing from you.
Sincerely, Sd/- Name.

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 RESUME

Objective : To become an expert in office work

Education : BA Economics 1st class St George’s
College 2020 Experience : 3 years of experience as
assistant in XYZ Company. Achievements : Outstanding
office support Award
Activities : Member of NGO
Skills : Organizational skills, Time Management skills,
Interpersonal skills Languages : Malayalam, Hindi & English
Interests : Listening to music/ reading books/ surfing the internet

CHAPTER: 3 - STAMMER
➢ The poem “Stammer” is written by Sachidanandan.
➢ Stammer stands for the imperfections in human beings
➢ The poet says that it is not a handicap, but a way of speech.
➢ He compares stammer in speech to lameness in action.
➢ Both involve a gap or a silence.
➢ Stammer came with the origin of man and it came before language.
➢ It is a language more than a dialect because stammer is universal.
➢ We give different meanings to words. We give different utterances to
language.
➢ These are sacrifices to the God of meanings.
➢ We use our mother tongue more than any other language.
➢ When all the people are imperfect, the poet says stammer becomes their
mother tongue.
➢ This is the situation now. We are all affected with stammer.
➢ We do not react or respond to the burning social problems around us.
➢ God created man with imperfections.
➢ God might have stammered. He is imperfect.
➢ That is why often man says one thing and he does another thing.
➢ Man stammers when he prays, he stammers when he commands.
➢ These imperfections or stammer is found in life, language and poetry too.
➢ We give different meanings to a poem that add to the beauty of the poem.
➢ As such, stammering is not an ugly thing because these differences make
poetry, language and life beautiful.

BLOG
COMMON FRAME
Title Date/name

➢ I read the story…. / I watched the movie…..

➢ It impressed me.

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 ➢ I would like to share my experience.
➢ It gives an excellent message.
➢ The book is worth reading/The movie is good to watch.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. The poem 'Rice' really impressed you. You would like to share your reading experience
through a blog. Prepare the blog.

Rice - Chemmanam Chacko

March 13,2024 / Hari
➢ I read the poem 'Rice' by Chemmanam Chacko.
➢ It impressed me.
➢ I would like to share my reading experience.
➢ It has a good theme.
➢ We had an agrarian culture.
➢ We have moved from food crops to cash crops.
➢ The first part of the poem gives us a nostalgic picture.
➢ The second part depicts the reality.
➢ Eating athikira rice remains his dream. It's a satire.

2. After reading the speech of Wangari Maathai, you decided to write a blog. Prepare
the blog.

Nature in Reality
October 12, 2024/ Ashlu

➢ Nature is a blessing.
➢ In literature, I come across a lot of articles on conservation of nature.
➢ But in real world, it is a different story.
➢ The tree that my neighbour cut last day held many stories.
➢ It gave us mangoes in all the summers.
➢ I gathered with my friends under the tree.
➢ Who will give shade to us now?
➢ Who will be responsible for the creatures that dwelled in it?

Important
✓ Annotation
✓ Short questions
✓ Blog

UNIT 4
CHAPTER: 1 - When a Sapling is Planted
➢ Wangari Maathai delivers a speech after receiving the Nobel Prize in 2004.
➢ She became inspired because of her childhood experiences.

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 ➢ She witnessed forests were destroyed and replaced by commercial
plantations.
➢ She founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977 to help the rural
women meet their basic needs.
➢ Women became aware of environmental destruction because they
were looking after the family.
➢ They found it difficult to collect resources from the environment to feed their
family.
➢ When we destroy our environment, we are destroying the quality of our life
and that of future generation.
➢ She encouraged women to plant trees to find an income and to support their
family.
➢ Women lacked knowledge, capital and skill.
➢ Women thought that solutions should come from outside.
➢ She mobilized the people of Kenya against wrong governmental
policies to destroy the environment.
➢ She advised the people to bring a shift in our thinking pattern to save
the environment by reviving our sense of belonging.
➢ Only then we will be able to embrace nature in all its diversity, beauty and
wonder.
➢ She wanted the world leaders to expand democratic space to protect the
environment.
➢ She advised the youth to work hard for achieving long term dreams
because they have the energy and creativity for a sustainable future.
➢ Wangari Maathai compares her past experience with the then experience.
➢ She concludes by asking us to restore the homes of animals and advises us
to give back to our children what they have lost.

COMMON FRAME
Speech receiving an honour
➢ Respected principal teachers and all my dear friends,
➢ I am very thrilled to receive this award.
➢ I express my sincere thanks to all those who supported me.
➢ I am inspired by a lot of people around me.
➢ I remember my teachers, parents and friends.
➢ This award is an inspiration and motivation to continue my efforts.
➢ My dear friends, let us open our eyes and ears to the world around us.
➢ I request all of you to come forward and do your share for the betterment of
our society.
➢ Definitely, we can do wonders.
➢ Thank you.

SAMPLE ANSWER IN A COMMON FRAME

Seminar Report
➢ ABC High School, Chennai conducted a seminar on the topic

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 "Environment Conservation" on 24th October at 9.30a.m in the school
auditorium.
➢ The programme started with a prayer by the School Choir.
➢ The Principal Dr M Vinayakumar welcomed the gathering.
➢ The PTA President Mr Sakkeer Palat chaired the session and gave the
presidential address.
➢ The programme was inaugurated by the renowned Environmentalist Dr.
Vandana Shiva and she delivered the keynote address.
➢ Felicitation was offered by the Ward Member Mr Kaipengal Ahammed.
➢ Master Adil Nasar presented paper on the topic "Environment: Our Source of
Life".
➢ Ms Liya K presented paper on the topic "Challenges to the Environment".
➢ Master Arjun presented a paper on the topic "Seeking New Ways to Conserve
the Environment".
➢ This was followed by an interactive session where the participants cleared
their doubts with the activist.
➢ The school leader Master Ridwan proposed Vote of thanks.
➢ The seminar enriched the participants and it came to an end with the
National Anthem.

Important
✓ Speech/ Essay/ Article
✓ Speech receiving honor
✓ Seminar Report

CHAPTER: 2 - Rice
➢ Chemmanam Chacko is a master satirist. The poem Rice describes the
arrival of industrial revolution or mechanization.
➢ The poet also criticizes the farmers and the authorities for their
selfish nature to the environment.
➢ The poet speaks about the pathetic condition of depending on other
states for rice, fruits and vegetables.
➢ The first half of the poem gives us a nostalgic picture of the past.
➢ The poet returns to his little village after four years of research in North India.
➢ He imagines his father working in the paddy field.
➢ He imagines his younger brother holding the saplings in his hand.
➢ The poet's mouth waters thinking about the athikira rice of his fields.
➢ He imagines his father, mother, oxen and his brother welcoming him.
➢ He gets impatient and wants the train to move faster.
➢ When he reached his village, he was shocked.
➢ He sees all the area planted with rubber trees, arecanut trees and deal wood
trees.
➢ Palm- thatched roofs had disappeared. His father was watching men fix
a machine to make rubber sheets.

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 ➢ Father tells him about the profit of rubber cultivation.
➢ Cultivating paddy was a loss according to him and only fools would do that.
➢ He sees his brother arriving home from the ration shop, he trips on
something and the wheat is scattered.
➢ Eating athikira rice remains his dream.
➢ In the end, we see a plane flying over the rubber plants.
➢ It was the chief minister going to the centre to demand more grains for the
state.
➢ The poem ends with an ironic note, the poet predicts that they will have
to beg to the centre even for husk to make toys for children.
Important
✓ Rice as a satire/ critical appreciation

CHAPTER: 3 - Dangers of Drug Abuse

➢ Dr Hardin B Jones gives a timely warning to society in the essay “Dangers of
Drug Abuse”.
➢ We are living in a society where more than use the abuse of drugs has spread.
➢ Today people depend on medicines to forget their problems and tensions.
➢ All medicines are drugs but all drugs are not medicines.
➢ Sensual drugs are those drugs which our body does not need.
➢ Sensual drugs give a strong sense of pleasure and activate the brain's pleasure
centres.
➢ The chemistry of brain is upset by toxic chemicals in sensual drugs.
➢ They weaken the pleasure mechanisms through artificial stimulation and
cause cell damage.
➢ Gradually the pleasure mechanisms fail to respond and the brain is unable
to evaluate pleasure and pain.
➢ Mental Effects
The user feels physical discomfort and personality changes. He feels depressed and
fails to respond to the environment or to other people. His mental disturbance is
similar to paranoia. He finds it difficult to understand the source of his problem. The
addict feels dead inside.
➢ Physical Effects
➢ Drug related health disorders are: Dirty needles and solutions used to inject
drugs can cause liver disease, venereal disease and infection of the kidneys and brain.
Sniffing cocaine and amphetamines can damage the tissue of the nose and also cause
hair loss. Marijuana and tobacco smoking can cause lung diseases and cell damage.
Babies of women drug addicts can be born addicted. An overdose of the sensual drugs
can lead to respiratory or cardiac failure and death.
➢ Drugs affect not only that person but all those connected to him or her.
➢ They increase violence and criminal tendency in addicts.
➢ It affects the social development and stability of a society.
➢ So let us say "No to drugs and yes to life".

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LETTER OF ENQUIRY-COMMON FRAME
Sir/Madam,
➢ I am writing to enquire about….
➢ I would like to request more information regarding…
➢ Could you provide me more details about…
➢ Could you please inform me…
➢ Can you please let me know about….
➢ Would you be able to provide information on…
➢ I would be grateful if you could send me a copy of…
➢ I would be pleased if you could provide….

Yours faithfully,
Name.

SAMPLE ANSWER
Ashlin,
ABC Public School,
Delhi, 630078 23 Oct
2024

The Public Relations Officer,

Dr Ambedkar University, New Delhi.

Sir,
Sub: To seek information regarding the BA ENGLISH course offered at your
university. I am a Plus Two student in a reputed school in the city.
I would be pleased if you could provide me with more information about the BA English
course and the subsidiary options available at the University.
I would like to know the duration and fee structure of the course. I would also like to know
if placements are given.
Could you please inform me of the details at the earliest? I am looking forward to hearing
from you.

Yours
faithfu
lly,
Ashlin.
ash1000@[Link]
EXPRESSIONS OF ADVICE
➢ You should …………
➢ You had better………
➢ Why don’t you…………

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SAMPLE ANSWER
Your friend is addicted to drugs. Write two pieces of advice that you might give him.
➢ You should visit a de-addiction centre.
➢ You had better stop using drugs.
➢ Why don’t you realise that you are killing yourself?
Important
✓ Essay/ Article/ speech on Drug Abuse
✓ Letter of Enquiry
✓ Expressions of Advice, Suggestion etc

UNIT 5
CHAPTER: 1 - POST EARLY FOR CHRISTMAS

➢ Post Early for Christmas is a humorous one-act play by British dramatist, R H

Wood.
➢ It describes the funny situation at a post office in an English village during the
Christmas season.
➢ The main character in the play is a young Lady Assistant who is a very
pleasant lady, sincere and dedicated to her job.
(She is calm and cool and deals with everyone patiently. There are many people who
come there thinking it is a beer shop, vet clinic etc. She guides them to their places
without showing any impatience or ill manners. She believed and obeyed the farmer
that put her position in danger. She takes responsibility for destroying the clock and
resigns from her job to join an animal clinic.)
➢ All the other characters in the play are of funny nature.
➢ Mrs Smith is the first customer to the post office.

(She is a well-mannered lady. She is very punctual in posting her presents. She suffers
from rheumatism. So, she could not enjoy Christmas in the previous year. She hopes
to have a good Christmas with less snowfall this year. She requests the farmer Mr
Brown to arrange a turkey for her during Christmas.)
➢ Mrs Jones is the second customer to the post office.
(She is an arrogant lady who hates advice from others. She does not post her gifts on
time. When the assistant reminded her of posting early, she replied in a rude way.)
➢ The deaf old gentleman is the third customer to the post office.

(His name is Sam. He came to the post office to receive his old age pension. He
hears cook for book and ted, bed for said which creates laughter. He hides his
deafness behind his anger and accuses the assistant as deaf.)
➢ The fussy old lady came to the post office mistaking it as an animal clinic.

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 (She wanted to treat her pet cat Tiddle. She feels sorry to have troubled the assistant.
She leaves the post office after buying stamps.)
➢ The farmer comes to the post office to post his parcel.
(His name is Mr Brown. He arrives with the news about the time bomb in London post
office. He has got only a half-baked knowledge in every matter. He informs that news
about any
suspicious-looking parcels should be informed to the nearest police station. At the
end, he instructs to call the police and asks to bring a bucket of water to put the parcel.
He promises to arrange a turkey for Mr Smith.)
➢ Mrs Higgins, a large loud woman and her son Bertie, an untidy naughty
boy are also the funny characters in the play.
(The mother shouts at her son for staring everywhere, for not wiping his nose, for
using shocking language, for not putting her cap and socks right etc. She has come to
buy stamps, send money order and take cash out of her savings account. The son
demands an engine and an ice cream but the mother is not ready to fulfil his wish. It
is Bertie who hears the tick tick sound from the parcel first. He goes and brings a
policeman at the order of the farmer.)
➢ The foreign tourist came to the village post office to post his parcel.
(In appearance he was dark and sinister looking. He was overly concerned and
anxious about the safety of his parcel. He forgot his gloves and came back. He saw
his parcel dipped in water. He became angry and threatened to bring punishment to
the assistant for destroying his gift of clock. He is going to file a complaint with the
postmaster general.)
➢ The play reminds us of doing things on time.
➢ It also reminds us to think before we act.

Important

✓ Humour in Post Early for Christmas

CHAPTER: 2 - This is Going to Hurt Just a Little Bit

➢ “This is Going to Hurt Just a Little Bit” is a humorous poem by Ogden Nash.
➢ The poet describes his experience of going to a dentist and sitting in a
dentist's chair with his mouth wide open.
➢ For the poet, dental pain is both physical and mental.
➢ The poet uses exaggeration when he says he cannot remain calm and cool
with his jaw digging into his chest' or his fingers making serious changes in his
lifeline or love line.
➢ It is simile and exaggeration (hyperbole) when he compares mouth to a
section of road to be repaired with stone crushers, concrete mixers, drills and
steam rollers.

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 ➢ When the dentist polishes the teeth, he gets a feeling that the teeth are
demolished.
➢ The terror is added when he sees a mirror in his hand. He fears if the left
will be mistaken for right.
➢ The poet compares the dentist to an ursa or female bear that is known for
its violence which is an example for simile.
➢ He thinks that the dentist coats his mouth with a chemical used to put shine
on horse's hoofs.
➢ At last, he stands up relaxed.
➢ All his happiness disappears when the dentist tells him to come after three
months.
➢ The poet wants his teeth to be in good condition just to avoid going to a
dentist.
➢ But for keeping his teeth in good condition, he is forced to visit a dentist.
➢ Simile and exaggeration make the poem humorous.
➢ An extended simile is called exaggeration.
Important
✓ Humour in the poem
✓ Poetic Devices

CHAPTER: 3 - CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

➢ Crime and Punishment is a short story by R K Narayan.
➢ It deals with the theme of teacher-student relationship.
➢ The story also shows an example of over parenting. The title is important.
➢ The boy was a pampered child. He did not want to learn but play.
➢ The parents wanted the child to get a double promotion and arranged
tuition for him every evening.
➢ The teacher worked for the thirty rupees that he would get from the tuition.
➢ The teacher does the crime of slapping the boy on the face and gets
punishment in the form of physical and mental strain. The child does the crime of
blackmailing the teacher. The parents do the crime of overparenting.
➢ The story also throws light on the challenges faced by our education system.
➢ Our education system gives too much importance to examinations.
➢ We do not give importance to analytical or problem-solving skills.
➢ The story makes us think about corporal punishment and its after effects.

Important
✓ Significance of the Title
✓ Over parenting
✓ Corporal Punishment

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