INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH CARE / Ms.
Ana Lily Lapena
HUMAN RIGHTS: THE PHILIPPINE BILL OF RIGHTS
[HUMAN RIGHTS]
WHY MIDWIVES NEED TO STUDY HUMAN RIGHTS?
• To protect the dignity and rights of every woman and child SECTION 1: DUE PROCESS AND EQUAL PROTECTION
o Ensure that every mother and baby are treated with • No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property
respect, equality, and compassion, regardless of without due process of law, nor shall any person be
their background, beliefs, or social status.H denied the equal protection of the laws.
• Prevent discrimination and abuse SECTION 2: RIGHT AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCHED AND
o Helps identity and stop any form of mistreatment, SEIZURES
such as verbal abuse, neglect, or denial of care. • Requires search warrant based on probable cause (e.g.
• To promote ethical and respectful maternity care Police must have valid warrant).
o Strengthens your ethical foundation as a health SECTION 3: PRIVACY OF COMMUNICATION
professional and learn to balance medical duties • Your messages and calls cannot be tapped without a
with moral and legal responsibilities. court order.
• To comply with laws and professional standards SECTION 4: FREEDOM OF SPEECH, PRESS, ASSEMBLY, AND
o The Midwifery Law of 1992 (RA. 7392) and Code of PETITION
Ethics for Midwives both uphold respect for human • You may express opinions freely and peacefully
rights. It helps avoid legal issues and ensure that assemble.
practice aligns with constitutional standards. SECTION 5: FREEDOM OF RELIGION
HUMAN RIGHTS • Separation of Church and State.
• Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms to which SECTION 6: LIBERTY OF ABODE AND RIGHT TO TRAVEL
all people are entitle, regardless of nationality, ethnicity,
• You can live or travel freely, except when restricted by
gender, religion, or any other status. These rights are
law.
universal, meaning they appl to everyone;
SECTION 7: RIGHT TO INFORMATION
inalienable, meaning they cannot be taken away; indivisible,
meaning no right is more important than the other; and • Citizens can access government records (transparency).
interdependent SECTION 8: RIGHT TO FORM UNIONS/ASSOCIATIONS
I. INTRODUCTION • Workers, students, or groups may form organizations.
• Found in Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution SECTION 9: PRIVATE PROPERTY NOT TAKEN WITHOUT JUST
• Serves as a shield against abuse of power by the government COMPENSATION
• Embodies the principle; “The Constitution is a Limitation • For example, in expropriation cases.
upon the powers of government. SECTION 10: NON-IMPAIRMENT OF CONTRACTS
• Ensures the protection of civil liberties and fundamental • Government cannot alter valid agreements.
human rights. SECTION 11: FREE ACCESS TO COURTS
II. PURPOSE OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS • Justice should be accessible to all, rich or poor.
• To protect individual rights and freedoms • PAO (Public Attorney’s Office)
o The Bill of Rights guarantees that every person is SECTION 12: RIGHTS OF PERSONS UNDER INVESTIGATION
free to live, speak, believe, and act without unfair • Includes right to remain silent, counsel, and against torture.
interference — as long as they respect the law and SECTION 13: RIGHT TO BAIL
the rights of others. • Everyone is bailable except in capital offenses with strong
• To limit government power evidence.
o It serves as a boundary that prevents the SECTION 14: RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED
government from becoming abusive or tyrannical. • Presumption of innocence and fair trial.
Even those in power must follow due process and SECTION 15: WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS
respect the rule of law.
• Protection against unlawful detention.
• The promote social justice and equality
SECTION 16: SPEEDY DISPOSITION OF CASES
o It ensures that all person are treated equally before
before the law, regardless of status, gender, religion, • Justice delayed is justice denied.
or background SECTION 17: RIGHT AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION
• To uphold human dignity and rule of law • You can refuse to answer if it will incriminate you.
SECTION 18: NO DETENTION FOR POLITICAL BELIEFS
III. COVERAGE OF BILL OF RIGHTS • Freedom of thought is protected.
The Bill of Rights contains 22 sections safeguarding the SECTION 19: PROHIBITION AGAIST EXCESSIVE PUNISHMENT
following: • No torture or cruel penalties.
1. Individual freedoms and rights SECTION 20: IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT
• These rights protect personal security and legal • You cannot be jailed for inability to pay.
protection from abuse, ensuring everyone is treated SECTION 21: NO DOUBLE JEOPARDY
fairly under the law. • No one shall be tried twice for the same offense.
2. Civil and Political Rights SECTION 22: NO EX POST FACTO LAW OR BILL OF ATTAINDER
• These guarantees personal liberties and participation in • Laws cannot punish actions that were legal when done.
governance, ensuring that people can engage in society
freely and have a say in how they are governed.
3. Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
• These focus on basic human needs and well-being,
ensuring the promotion of fair working conditions,
leisure time, and protection from poverty.