Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
College of Engineering
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Course Title: Basic Electronics (EE 152)
Lecturer: Dr. Y. O. M. Sekyere
Assignment: LTspice Simulation and Practical
Implementation of Rectifier and Voltage Multiplier Circuits
Objective:
This assignment aims to deepen your understanding of rectification, voltage regulation, and
voltage multiplication through simulation and hands-on implementation. You will simulate
various rectifier circuits and voltage multipliers using LTspice, and later physically implement
them using a breadboard electronics kit.
PART A: Individual LTspice Simulations and Reports
Each student is required to simulate and analyze the following circuits independently using
LTspice. For each circuit, you must write a brief report (2–3 pages per simulation), which should
include:
A clear circuit diagram (screenshot from LTspice)
Description of how the circuit works
Simulation results (voltage waveforms at key points)
Calculations where applicable
Observations and conclusions
1. Regulated Rectifier Circuits (Three Variants)
Simulate a full-wave rectifier in three different configurations, each using a different voltage
regulation method:
a) Zener Diode Voltage Regulation
b) Series Voltage Regulator using an NPN BJT
c) LM317T Adjustable Voltage Regulator
For each configuration:
Use the same AC input and load resistance
Compare ripple voltage, output voltage, and regulation performance
For the LM317T, show how the output voltage is set
2. Centre-Tap Full-Wave Rectifier
Simulate a center-tap full-wave rectifier using two diodes.
Show input and output waveforms.
Verify from your simulation that the Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) across each diode is
approximately 2 × Vm, where Vm is the peak input AC voltage.
3. Full Bridge Rectifier
Simulate a full bridge rectifier using four diodes.
Observe and confirm that the PIV across each diode is approximately Vm.
Compare output voltage waveform with that of the center-tap configuration.
4. Voltage Multiplier Circuits
Simulate the following voltage multiplier circuits:
a) Voltage Doubler
b) Voltage Tripler
c) Voltage Quadrupler
For each:
Provide input and output waveforms.
Confirm the voltage multiplication by measuring the DC output.
Briefly comment on ripple and performance under light load (use a small resistor as
load).
PART B: Group Practical Implementation
Once the simulations are complete:
1. Group Formation
Form groups of six (6) students.
Each group is to purchase a breadboard-based electronics kit (preferably from
AliExpress or a local supplier). Your kit should contain:
o Breadboard
o Diodes (e.g., 1N4007)
o Capacitors (various values)
o Zener diodes
o NPN BJTs (e.g., BC547 or 2N2222)
o LM317T adjustable voltage regulator
o Jumper wires
o Resistors
o DC power supply or battery pack
2. Circuit Construction
Each group must build and test all the circuits simulated in Part A. Capture the following for
each:
Voltage measurements using an oscilloscope (cheap ones could be purchased on
AliExpress)
Practical observations (e.g., ripple, output voltage stability, challenges)
3. Group Report
Submit a well-structured report (8–12 pages) written in Latex.
Introduction and objectives
Schematics and photos of built circuits
Measured values and comparison with LTspice results
Challenges encountered and solutions
Conclusion and group reflections
Submission Guidelines
Individual LTspice reports are due by: End of Semester
Group practical reports are due by: End of Semester
More submission details will be communicated.
Assessment Criteria
Component Marks
Simulation Accuracy & Waveforms 30
Technical Explanations and Analysis 20
Presentation 100
Practical Circuit Implementation 30
Comparison Between Simulation & Build 20
Total 200
Academic Integrity
Each student must complete their own simulations and report for Part A. Plagiarism or copying
will result in disqualification. Group reports for Part B should reflect the genuine work of all
members.
Let this assignment guide you to better appreciate the real-world behavior of
electronic circuits and the power of simulation. Happy simulating and building!
EE 152 – Basic Electronics Group Practical Project Presentation Score Sheet
Group Details
Name of Student Index Number Signature
Scoring Criteria
Max
Assessment Criteria Score Awarded
Score
Understanding of Concepts (rectification, regulation, voltage multiplication) 10
Clarity and Organization of Presentation 10
Functionality of Built Circuits (as demonstrated) 20
Quality of Practical Work and Breadboarding (neatness, wiring, layout) 10
Accurate Comparison with Simulation Results 10
Team Coordination and Individual Contribution (as observed during
10
presentation)
Ability to Answer Questions Confidently 10
Report Summary (clarity, completeness, coherence) 10
Overall Impression and Creativity 10
Total 100
Lecturer's Comments (Optional):
Lecturer’s Signature: ___________________________Date: ___________________