BUILDING DRAWING.

A drawing is prepared before constructing any building. Generally, a

drawing is needed for every building, but the drawing of a big
building is very important.

Because, the constructional details of a small building may remain

in the mind of someone, but such details of a big building cannot
remain in the control of [Link] drawing of a building is
prepared first, and then its approval is to be had from the Local
concerned Authority.
The drawing of the building should be in accordance with the Bye-
Laws of the Local Body.

Every Local Body has made some rules by considering the health of
people and environment of the locality.
These are called Bye-Laws of the concerned Authority.
Various sketches are prepared for the building drawing.

First of all, a single line sketch is prepared showing size and

arrangement of rooms according to their importance and type.

This is called the Line Plan. An architect or engineer prepares this

sketch.
Another detailed drawing is prepared with the help of this line plan
which is prepared by a draftsman.
In this detailed drawing, the detailed plan is to show the detail of
order, size, and thickness of the walls of the rooms.

Foundation Plan is to show the size and depth of foundation,

The elevation is to show the front view, and Cross-section is to show

the inner detail of the rooms.

Separate working drawings are prepared for electricity, gas, water

supply, and sewerage, etc.
In addition to this, the submission drawing is prepared to get the
approval of the Municipal Corporation or other concerned
Development Authority like (F. D. A), (C. D. A), (L. D. A), etc.,
according to their Bye-Laws.

This drawing contains details like Index Plan, the cross-section of

walls, detailed plan, elevation, cross-section, floor, and roof, etc.

It also contains the detail of sizes of doors, windows, specifications,

and other constructional detail.

Before studying the detail of building drawing, some information

about the purpose and types of building drawing is necessary.
Types of Building Drawing.
Different building drawings are prepared taking into consideration
the features and dimensions of building as follows.

1. Site Plan.
2. Line Plan.
3. Detailed Plan.
4. Foundation Plan.
5. Landscape plan.
6. Elevation.
7. Sectional Elevation.
8. Perspective Drawing.
9. Submission Drawing.
10. Model.
1. Site Plan:
In this sketch, the specific plot for the building is shown.

In this type of building drawing, is shown the where-about of the plot

numbers, the name of the owner of the building, name of streets,
and other important buildings.

The breadths of streets and roads are also mentioned.

The dimension of the plot is also written in the sketch. North

direction is marked there as well so that the plot can be easily
located.
This drawing is prepared in the scale of 10 m = 1 cm (100 ft = 1 in.).

Only the boundary lines of the plot are shown in such sketch not the
detail of internal rooms. The area of the plot is colored, or it is
shaded so that this plot may look different from other plots
In this drawing, the position and size of internal rooms are given.
Such drawing is prepared with a single line.

The thickness of the walls is not shown in it.

In fact, such drawing is prepared by some architect. Then the

remaining drawing is prepared with the help of this drawing which is
prepared by a draftsman.

Characteristics of Line Plan.

Characteristics of this drawing are as follows:

i. The dimension given in the rooms is their internal ones which do

not include the thickness of walls.
ii. The dimension given outside the rooms is their extremal ones
which include the thickness of walls.
iii. The first dimension represents a horizontal dimension of the
room while the second one normal to the horizontal.
iv. To represent the height of a room, it is written in a circle.
v. The doors and windows are represented in the related places with
size.

3. Detailed Plan:
In this type of building drawing the size, arrangement, and position
of rooms and veranda is shown.

The thickness of the walls is also shown in it.

This plan is prepared with the help of the line plan. While planning
this plan, it is taken into consideration that the level of the floor of
the whole building is cut at the height of 1 to 2 meter horizontally.

The drawing has been prepared after cutting it.

In the case of a multi-storied building, the detailed plan of every

story should have been prepared separately.

Moreover, every plan has been named after its story.

For example, the Ground floor plan for the ground story, the First
floor for the story above the ground floor, Second floor plan for the
second story, and so for
Similarly, Basement floor plan for the story at the basement. After
the preparation of this plan, the various services of it, like the wiring
of electricity, gas, and water are shown.

Characteristics of Detailed Plan.

Following are the characteristics of this plan.

i. The size and position of the rooms are shown in it.

ii. The size and places of doors and windows are shown in it. In
addition to this, their types are also given.
iii. The internal arrangement of the luggage of rooms is also
represented. For example, the places of beds place of a burner in
the kitchen.
iv. The Places of fireplaces are also shown.
4. Foundation Plan:
This type of building drawing is prepared to show the detail of the
foundations of a building. The whole place and size used in the
building are shown in this plan.

This plan is prepared with the help of the detailed plan in which,
lines are drawn according to the projections of the foundation
parallel to the center line of the wall.

Then this plan is prepared.

Characteristics of Foundation Plan.

Following are the characteristics of this plan:

i. The dimensions recorded in it are internal dimensions of the room.

ii. The dimensions recorded outside the room is the external
measurement of digging.
iii. The center line of the walls is also shown in it.
iv. The size and places of doors and windows are not shown in it.
v. The breadth of the wall and that of the foundation is shown in it.

5. Landscape Plan:
In this type of plan, space left after the construction of the building.
It is decorated with flower beds, grassy plots, and other plants.

In this plan, the external part of a building is beautified.

For this plan, the scale 1 cm = 1 m to 2 m is used.

Many things are shown in it.

Every thing is not given a separate symbol but are represented by

letters of the alphabet and explained with the help of a table.

Characteristics of Landscape Plan.

Following are the characteristics of this plan:

i. Demarcation of the plot.

ii. Arrow is showing the North Direction.
iii. Limit of covered area.
iv. Paths for vehicles.
v. Foot Paths.

6. Elevation:
In this types of building drawing, the vertical view of a building is
shown.

If the front view is shown, it is called front elevation.

If the back view of the building is shown, then it is called back

elevation.

In the same way, if one side view of the building is shown, then it is
called side elevation.

The scale for elevation is used according to the detailed plan.

Characteristics of Elevation.
Following are the characteristics of the Elevation.

i. The view of the building is shown above the ground level.

ii. The length, breadth, and height of a building are shown in it.
iii. The sizes of doors and windows are also shown in it.
iv. Different Stories of a multi-storied building are shown
simultaneously in it.
v. The internal detail is not shown in the elevation plan.
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Supply.
7. Sectional Elevation:
The internal detail is shown in the sectional elevation plan. This view
is shown by cutting the drawing by a cutting plane line, and the
detail of the required part is shown.

The detail of a building from the foundation to the parapet is shown

in it.
All the principle used in the elevation plan are also used to prepare
this view.

If the building is big, then it is divided into various sections to show

their detail.

The place when detailed elevation is required, a cutting line is drawn

there. This line is drawn straight.

If the detail of different places is desired, then the line is rotated

through a 90-degree angle and is brought to those places.

Such a section is called an offset section.

Arrow-heads are inserted at the ends of the cutting line and pointed
toward the direction whose detail is required.

Characteristics of Sectional Elevation Plan.

Following are the characteristics of a sectional elevation plan:

i. The detail of foundation is shown in it.

ii. Full detail as ground level, plinth level, detail of floor and roof
is given in it.
iii. Full detail of roof is given. Different details of different roofs, if
any, are shown.
iv. Thicknesses of walls are shown in it. In case the doors and
windows come under the cutting line then they are shown as cutoff.
v. The things which are not cut in the cutting line they are shown
like elevation.
8. Perspective Drawing:
The shape of a perspective drawing resembles that taken with a
camera. The true shape of an object appears in the perspective
drawing.

Since the true picture of an object appears in this drawing so a

common man can understand it easily.

Such drawing is prepared generally for important buildings so that

the owner of‘ the building and other concerned authorities, who are
not actually technical, could easily understand it.

In this drawing, an object is shown by one point. Therefore, the

horizontal lines do not seem parallel, but it feels to be concurrent at
a point.

Characteristics of Perspective Drawing.

Following are the characteristics of perspective drawing.
i. The actual dimension of an object is not shown in it.
ii. The shape of an object is seen as it is.
iii. Horizontal axes look horizontal in it.
iv. The horizontal lines of the object seem to be concurrent at a
point which is called Vanishing Point.
v. Vertical axes look vertical in it.
9. Submission Drawing:
A drawing is prepared for a building which is to be constructed. This
drawing is prepared under the Bye-laws set by some competent
authority.

Such drawing which is prepared for the approval of the authority is

called submission drawing.

The concerned authority may be Municipal Corporation,

Development Authority, etc.

Following are the information and drawings in submission drawing.

i. Index Plan.
ii. Detailed Plan.
iii. Elevation.
iv. X-section.
v. X-section of a wall.
vi. Detail of Doors and Windows.
vii. Detail of Floor.
viii. Detail of Roof.
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10. Model:
Models are prepared for important buildings after preparing their
drawings. This method helps much in understanding a building.

The difficulties expected to be felt in the construction and usage can

be guessed before hand.

Suitable amendment in the drawing can be made to remove such

difficulty.

The internal and external detail of a building is much explained in

the model.
Characteristics of Model.
Following are the characteristics of the Model.

i. The true shape of the building is viewed.

ii. Elevation of the building is seen clearly.
iii. Internal detail of the building is explained well.
iv. Even a common man can understand the model.
v. The merits and demerits of a building appear in a model before
its construction.
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