UC 2
Plant Crops
Learning Outcomes:
• PREPARE LAND FOR PLANTING
• CONDUCT FIELD LAY-OUT
• PERFORM DIRECT SEEDING
• TRANSPLANT SEEDLINGS
Crop farming is the cultivation
of plants for food animal
foodstuff or other commercial
uses. A variety of techniques
including organic production
methods can be used to manage
crops.
[Link] Land for
Planting
Land Preparation is important to ensure
that the field is ready for planting.
It typically involves:
• Plowing to "till" or dig-up,mix,and
overturn soil
• Harrowing to break the soil clods
into smaller mass and incorporate
plant residue
• Leveling the field
Prepare Land for
Planting
Land Preparation is important to ensure
that the field is ready for planting.
• Planning
• Site the area
• Clear and clean the area
• Lay-outing
• Tilling/Digging/Pulverizing
• Staking
• Holing
• Basal Fertiization
• Planting
• Watering/Irrigating
• Shading
Importance of Land
Preparation
• Ensures healthy crop growth
• Improves soil structure and fertility
• Reduce pests weeds,and diseases
• Helps achieve higher crop yield
Land Preparation According
to Crop Requirement:
•Rice: puddling and leveling
•Corn/vegetables: plowing
and harrowing
•Root crops: deep tillage
Direct Seeding
Steps
The direct seeding method involves five key
steps: marking rows/lay-outing,opening
holes,Basal fertilization, sowing seeds, lightly
covering them, and gently watering. Proper
execution ensures successful germination
and healthy plants.
Crops Grown by
Direct Seeding
Direct seeding is essential for crops like:
• corn,
• okra,
• carrots
• amplaya
• peanut
• soybean
• mungbean
• upo
• patola
• squash
• cucumber
• radish
Steps for
Successful
Transplanting
Water the seedlings beforehand to ease removal.
Carefully place seedlings in holes, cover roots
gently, and press soil lightly to eliminate air pockets.
This ensures strong establishment in the new
location.
Common Crops
for
Transplanting
Transplanting is essential for crops like:
• tomatoes,
• eggplants,
• peppers
• lettuce
• rice
• coffee
• cacao
• mango
• ornamentals
Correct Planting
Depth Matters
Understanding planting depth is crucial. Seeds
should be sown 2–3 times their size, while
seedlings must be planted at their root collar level
to ensure proper establishment and growth.
Correct Planting
Depth Matters
Importance of
Proper Plant
Spacing
Proper spacing between plants is crucial as it
reduces competition for resources, improves
airflow, facilitates easier management, and
promotes uniform growth, resulting in healthier
and more productive crops.
Planting
Systems
Planting systems, such as square,
rectangular, triangular, and diagonal,
optimize space and facilitate management.
Choosing the right system enhances crop
yield and ensures proper growth conditions
for each plant.
Planting Crops
in Containers
To successfully grow crops in containers, prepare
the soil medium, fill the container adequately,
transplant seedlings carefully, and maintain
consistent watering to ensure healthy growth and
development.
Common
Planting Errors
Avoiding common mistakes is essential for
successful planting. Deep planting, crowded
spacing, root damage, and inadequate watering
can lead to poor crop establishment and reduced
yields in agricultural practices.
Basal
Fertilizers
Is applied before or at
planting/transplanting to supply nutrients
right where the young plant roots will
grow. It helps crops get a strong start by
boosting root development and early
growth.
Organic Fertilizer
- are fertilizer compounds that contain
one or more kinds of organic matter.
The ingredients may be animal or
vegetable matter or a combination of
the two
Inorganic Fertilizer
- contains beneficial chemical and
mineral deposits and supplies the
nutrients necessary to grow plants.
UREA - high in nitrogen. It usually
contains 46% nitrogen.
Purpose:
• Promotes leaf and stem growth
• makes plants green and vigorous
• supports early vegetative growth
COMPLETE - contains the 3 major
nutrients. N-P-K
Purpose:
• Supports root, stem, leaf, and fruit
• Helps plants grow strong and
balanced
Safety Procedures
(OSHS)
•Wear gloves, mask, and boots
•Avoid direct contact with
fertilizer
•Wash hands after application
•Store fertilizer properly
Compost
is an organic fertilizer made from
decomposed plant and animal materials.
Purpose of Compost:
• Improves soil structure
• Supplies nutrients slowly
• Increases
Thank you!