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Chapter 03

The document summarizes key concepts in probability theory, including the probability of balanced and unbalanced events, algebra of events using Venn diagrams, and types of events such as mutually exclusive and independent events. It also introduces De Morgan's Law, total probability, and Bayes' Theorem. The content is structured to aid understanding of fundamental statistical equations and their applications.

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12 views6 pages

Chapter 03

The document summarizes key concepts in probability theory, including the probability of balanced and unbalanced events, algebra of events using Venn diagrams, and types of events such as mutually exclusive and independent events. It also introduces De Morgan's Law, total probability, and Bayes' Theorem. The content is structured to aid understanding of fundamental statistical equations and their applications.

Uploaded by

begadkishk
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Faculty of Engineering Tanta University

Department of Physics and


Engineering Mathematics

Math 4
Statistics
Summary of Equations 3
Performed by
Chapter 3: Probability Theory

𝒏(𝑨)
Probability of any balanced event “A”: 𝑷 𝑨 =
𝒏(𝑺)
Impossible
Event 𝟎≤𝑷 𝑨 ≤𝟏 Certain
For Example
𝑷 ∅ Event
𝑷 𝟏
Note That:
• 𝒏(𝑨): is the number of elements in “A”
• 𝒏 𝑺 : is the number of elements in sample space
“Fair die”
Probability of unbalanced event “A”: 𝑷 𝑨 = 𝒘 𝑺 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔
Then σ Probabilities of all events = 𝟏 𝒏 𝑺 =𝟔

B.K 10
Algebra of events
(Using Venn Diagrams)

1. A or B Occurs 2. A doesn’t occur

𝑷 𝑨∪𝑩 A B A
𝑷 𝑨𝒄
=𝑷 𝑨 +𝑷 𝑩
=𝟏−𝑷 𝑨
−𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩

3. A and B Occurs 3. A occurs and B not

𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩 A B 𝑷 𝑨−𝑩 A B
=𝑷 𝑨 +𝑷 𝑩 = 𝑷 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩𝒄
−𝑷 𝑨∪𝑩 =𝑷 𝑨
−𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩
B.K 11
Types of Events
1. Mutual exclusive events 3. Conditional events

A B 𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩
𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩 =𝟎 𝑷 𝑨/𝑩 =
𝑷 𝑩

𝑷 𝑨𝒄∩𝑩 𝑷 𝑩−𝑨
𝒄
𝑷 𝑨 /𝑩 = =
2. Independent events 𝑷 𝑩 𝑷 𝑩
𝑷 𝑩 −𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩
𝑷 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 = 𝑷 𝑨 ∗ 𝑷(𝑩) = = 𝟏 − 𝑷 𝑨/𝑩
𝑷 𝑩

De Morgan’s Law: 𝑷 𝑨𝒄 ∩ 𝑩𝒄 = 𝑷 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 𝒄 𝑷 𝑨𝒄 ∪ 𝑩𝒄 = 𝑷 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 𝒄

B.K 12
Total Probability S
B A2
𝒏

𝑷 𝑩 = ෍ 𝑷 𝑩/𝑨𝒊 ∗ 𝑷 𝑨𝒊
𝒊=𝟏 A1
An … A3
Where the A events are mutually exclusive

Bay’s Theorem
𝑷 𝑩/𝑨𝒊 ∗ 𝑷 𝑨𝒊
𝑷 𝑨𝒊 /𝑩 = 𝒏
σ𝒊=𝟏 𝑷 𝑩/𝑨𝒊 ∗ 𝑷 𝑨𝒊
B.K 13
Thank you

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