FORM 4

SCIENCE
DUAL LANGUAGE PROGRAMME
SCIENCE FORM 4
RM 12.60
ISBN: 978-967-2088-73-8

RD SEKOLAH M
NDA EN
M STA E
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NG
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KS S M
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KUR

FT074001

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PENDIDIK

T he design of the Science KSSM Form 4 Textbook cover is based on landscape

illustrations and some science elements as subject. Green Technology is chosen as the
theme for the book cover to highlight the new topics to be learnt.
Landscape illustration as the main subject is stylised in a semi-abstract style. There is a
virtual space in the illustration of the landscape. The subject composition of the ulam raja
flower in the foreground helps distinguish the space in the illustration. The contrasting pink
colour is the focus of the illustration.
The flashing technique used as an illustration on the back cover of the book intended
not to highlight the actual figure of nuclear radiation protective clothing. The significance
of the subject is to state that environmental protection is a priority as to the use of nuclear
energy. In Malaysia, electricity generation by the nuclear power stations has not yet been
implemented. It depends on the economic, technological and social aspects of society and
the environment.
Overall, the use of cool colours highlights the harmonious effect and the white colour
on the background gives a neat touch to the design of the book cover.
Noraini binti Abdullah

Received her early education in Sekolah Kebangsaan Batang Merbau, and then
continued her studies in Sekolah Menengah Sains Machang. She received a Bachelor of
Science (Chemistry) from Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris in 2010. She has 9 years
of experience teaching Science. She has started writing books since 2015. She is one of
the writers of Science KSSM Form 1 Textbook. Now, she is Head of Science in Sekolah
Menengah Kebangsaan Seri Pantai, Kuala Lumpur and teaches Science and Chemistry.

Nor Mazliana binti Abdul Hashim

Received her Master in Education (Science Education) from Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia (2016) and her Bachelor of Science with Education (Hons) in Biology from
Universiti Malaya (1999). She has 20 years of experience teaching Biology and Science.
She has been appointed as a Guru Cemerlang in Biology in 2010. She has been actively
written reference books, practice books, modules and questions models for Biology and
Science subjects since 2011 until now. She is also one of the writers of Science Form
5 Textbook published in 2012 with Odonata Publishing Sdn Bhd. Currently, she is a
teacher in Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bandar Baru Uda, Johor Bahru.

Mohammad Amirul bin Adnan

Receieved his early education at Sekolah Kebangsaan Pusat Kuala Ibai, Kuala Terengganu
and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Seri Pekan, Pekan, Pahang. Later, he went on
to study at the Kulim Mara College, Kedah. He is a graduate of Bachelor of Science
with Education (Hons) from Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2012. He has 7 years of
experience teaching Science and Physics. Currently, he is teaching in Sekolah Menengah
Kebangsaan Seri Pantai, Kuala Lumpur.

Shamsulikram bin Abdul Hamid

Received a Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Petroleum Chemistry from Universiti Putra

Malaysia in 2004. Received a Diploma in Education in Chemistry Study in 2005. He has
13 years of experience teaching Science Form 4 and Form 5. He is one of the writers
for Science KSSM Form 2 Textbook. He has written several Science revision books for
secondary school. To date, he has served as a teacher at one of the secondary school in
Kuala Lumpur.
The company has made some amendments on the following pages. Any inconvenience caused is
much regretted.
PAGE 114

6.1 Support, Movement and Growth in Animals

Type of Support in Animals
bac
backk
What is the support system for animals? Skeleton is the support
Vertebrates consist
system for all types of animals. There are three types of support for
of fish, amphibians,
reptiles, birds animals, that are, endoskeleton, exoskeleton and hydrostatic skeleton.
and mammals.
Endoskeleton
Endoskeleton is the type of support for all vertebrates including
humans. Endoskeleton is made up of internal bones and cartilage.
Endoskeleton plays a role in supporting the body weight, protecting
the internal organs and maintaining the body shape. Besides that,
endoskeleton also becomes the basic attachment for muscles to move
body parts.

Cat
Eagle
Fish
Crocodile
Frog

Photograph 6.1 Examples of animals that have endoskeleton

Brain Teaser
Teaser Exoskeleton
What is the type of Exoskeleton is the type of support for most invertebrates.
skeleton in a snake? Exoskeleton consists of an outer layer of waxy chitin or shell.
Endoskeleton or Exoskeleton functions to support the body weight, maintain
hydrostatic skeleton?
body shape and support internal organs of animals. Besides that,
exoskeleton is also the base for muscle attachment.

Scorpion

Prawn Crab
Spider
Photograph 6.2 Examples of animals that have exoskeleton
114
6.1.1

Note:
*Amendments done for the crocodile’s illustration.
The company has made some amendments on the following pages. Any inconvenience caused is
much regretted.
PAGE 172

... ...
Activity 8.2 Round Table

Aim: To relate the arrangement of the elements with their proton number 21st Century Skills
in the Modern Periodic Table of Elements.
Instructions:
1. Carry out this activity in groups.
2. Each group is given an incomplete Modern Periodic Table of Elements and several cards with the
symbol and proton number of the element.
3.
4. Present the completed Modern Periodic Table of Elements in front of the class.

... ...
Activity 8.3 Round Table

Aim: To identify the position of the element in the Modern Periodic 21st Century Skills
Table of Elements.
Instructions:
1. Carry out this activity in groups.
2. Refer to the Modern Periodic Table of Elements and determine the exact symbol of the element
below and their position in the Modern Periodic Table of Elements.
7 18 20 42
V W X Y
14 40 40 96

3. Present the results in front of the class.

Electron Arrangements of the Elements

number. For example, the proton number of oxygen is 8 and the proton number of magnesium is
12. For a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. How are the
shells around the nucleus.

new shell when the previous one has been occupied.

*
First shell: 2 electrons First shell: 2 electrons
Second shell: 8 electrons
Third shell: 18 electrons Second shell: 8 electrons
Nucleus
Nucleus
Third shell: 8 electrons
Figure 8.5
Figure 8.6
the nucleus
proton numbers 1 to 20),
•
• the second shell can hold 8 electrons
• the third shell can hold 8 electrons
• the remaining electrons go to the fourth shell

172 8.2.2
8.2.3

Note:
*Amendments done to improve students understanding.