1
Who am I ?
Abdelrahman Tarek
Break the tension
Start Content
Quick introduction between an overview of the course path and its
students (name, background, areas of work and opportunities.
what attracted you to the course?)
Contents of this template
Diploma Instructions
Do you know what helps you make your point clear?
Lists like this one:
● Commitment to session times
● Interactive in session
● Commitment to submitting tasks in the written deadline
● Any situation that requires us to start, we will inform you of
it before the session time
● Commitment to seriousness during the session and avoid
distractions to ensure that the information is adequately
conveyed to you and all your colleagues
● Questions are open, but we ask that you raise your hand
first
● Communication, assistance, and research are important,
but only at specific times
● Ready for a serious start in the world of networking?
And the most important thing: the audience won’t
miss these points.
Discussion ..
Question
If your internet was cut off for a whole day, what would you be most affected by?
Table of Session 1
1 What is Network 4 Types of Network
Definition - Goal – Quiz PAN – LAN – MAN – SAN –
CAN – WLAN - WAN
2 Message 5 Topology
Types of Data – Types of
Definition – Types of
messages – Sending -
topology
Packet Switching vs Circuit
Switching.
3 Protocol 6 Standard
Open Discussion Difference
Definition - Ports – TCP & UDP
OSI vs TCP/IP – IP & MAC
Let’s Start !
“It is a group of devices (computers, servers, printers,
mobile phones) connected to each other for the
purpose of exchanging data and sharing resources.”
What is Network
Quiz
Imagine Your Home Network….
Networking Devices
Hub – Switch – Bridge – Router –
Server – Firewall – End Point Device
What Do you Need to send Message
Sender – Receiver – Message – Medium - Protocol
Message
Types of Message & Data Message components Link
• Everything starts with a - Header: Routing • [Link]
message: a photo, an information (address, xc?si=k5KTacZV_ahEC2ki
email, a WhatsApp protocol type)
message... - Payload: The main content • To understand Packet
(data being sent) Switching vs Circuit
• Unicast – multicast – - Trailer: Additional data to Switching.
broadcast ensure the integrity of the
transmission
• The message is divided
into segments,
encapsulation in a
packet, and travels
within a frame until it
reaches the bits on the
cable.
What is Protocol?
Protocol
are the rules that define how devices talk to each other.
TCP UDP
Connection Oriented User Datagram Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol
[Link]
PORTS
A port is a number (from 0 to 65535) used to identify
the application or service running on a device.
For example, an address identifies the location of a home,
while a port identifies the application within the device.
Each protocol has a specific method for transmitting “TCP - UDP”
data to a specific port.
The relationship between ports and protocols:
A protocol uses ports to deliver data to the correct application.
Types of Networks :
PAN WLAN LAN
Personal Area Wireless Local Area Local Area
Network Network Network
CAN MAN SAN WAN
Campus Area Metropolitan Area Storage Area Wide Area
Network Network Network Network
TOPLOGIES
It is the shape of the network or the way devices are connected to each other.
TYPES:
Star – Ring – Mesh – Bus – Hybrid
What Do you Know about
IP-Address – MAC-Address – OSI model – TCP/IP model
[Link]
Table of Session 2
1 History of Network & MAC 4 Flags
Info – Types of data
transmission – MAC Details All flags
2 IP Address 5 Packet
[Link] What is Packet in Details
3 OSI & TCP / IP 6 Packet analysis
Definition – Types of Open Discussion Difference
topology OSI vs TCP/IP – IP & MAC
الحرب الباردة بين أمريكا واالتحاد السوفيتي….فكرة إنشاء نظام اتصاالت يصمد أمام الهجمات النووية.
بتمويل من وزارة
الدفاع األمريكية.
أول 4أجهزة كمبيوتر
في جامعات أمريكية
(أمريكا مع إنجلترا والنرويج)
فصل الشبكة العسكرية
)(MILNETعن الشبكة ظهور بروتوكول DNSلتسهيل
البحثية الوصول للمواقع باألسماء بدل IP
Search Engines
- It is a 12-digit string of letters and numbers, such as:00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E.
- Its purpose is to uniquely identify a device within a local area network
(LAN).
- The MAC address is usually written in hexadecimal format.
- The MAC address consists of 48 bits.
- It is divided into 6 groups, each group containing 8 bits (1 byte).
- It is usually written as follows: XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX.
- It is centrally controlled by an organization
- called IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers).
- 2^24=216,777.16 device for each vendor
- MAC Spoofing
- Cmd : getmac
•Public IP (address
accessible from the
Internet)
•Private IP (used within
local networks - not
available directly online)
Quiz
[Link] - Subnet
Questions and Answers
OSI Model In Details ..
[Link]
Protocol Data Unit “PDU” ----------
When a device sends data over a network,
the data passes through different stages
(layers of the OSI model), and each stage
adds additional data (headers) to ensure
the message is delivered correctly and
properly.
• Its primary function: to physically transmit and receive bits
“0,1"on the medium (electrical/optical/radio).
• Speed specifications: Mbps/Gbps, duplex (full/half) compatibility.
• Items: connectors (RJ45), repeaters, hubs.
• Common Mistakes: Broken/Damaged Cable - Interference
• Frame shaping
• MAC Address: 48-bit
• PPP, HDLC, 802.11 (Wi-Fi) ،STP/RSTP/MST (prevent loops) ،
LACP (Link Aggregation), VLAN , ATM , Frame Relay
- Interpacket Gap :
زي المسافة بين عربية وعربية في الطريق — بتدي وقت لألجهزة عشان تلحق تجهز نفسها قبل ما تيجي
الباكيت الجاية
عشان الجهاز يعرف إن فيه حاجة جاية ويظبط ”- Preamble : “Synchronization
العالمة اللي تقول للجهاز "خالص ،البيانات الحقيقية جاية بعد دي - Start Frame Delimiter :
- Source & Dest MAC
.لو الشبكة فيها تقسيمات داخلية ،ده بيحدد الباكيت رايح ألنهي مجموعة - VLAN Tag :
- Type : IPV4 , IPV6
- Payload
رقم بيتحسب عشان الجهاز يعرف لو فيه خطأ حصل أثناء - CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check :
النقل
بيكشف الغلط مش بيصلحه NOTE : CRC
→ TCPالمسؤول عن التصليح IF الباكيت بتترمي → UDP
- Its primary function: routing data between different
networks, via logical addressing (IP).
- IPV4 , IPV6
- Services: ICMP (ping, traceroute), NAT
- Version “IPV4 – IPV6”
- IHL - Internet Header Length : بتكون قيمه بتعرفني انا فين بخلص ببدأ ال بايلود
- Type of Service (TOS):)أولوية الباكيت (مكالمات فيديو مثالً أعلى من تحميل ملفات
- Total Length : بايت1500 حجم الباكيت كلها اقصي حجم للباكيت
- Identification : عشان لو الباكيت اتقطعت ألجزاء بيساعد في تجميعها
- Flags : بتساعد في حاله ان الباكيت اتجزأتFragment offset اللي بيرتب األجزاء
- TTL : HOP count time to live of packet
- Headerchecksum : For check header
- Protocol : next layer TCP / UDP
- Source – Dest
- Options
Don’t Fregment – More Fregment
- Transferring data from one application to another, either
reliably or unreliably. Across Ports
- PDU: Segment (TCP) / Datagram (UDP).
- SYN Flood – Dos Attack
- IN TCP & UDP: Source port & Dest Port
- Checksum : for Check Segment
- IN UDP : Length : of message
- IN TCP : Seq Num : arrange of data
- Flags : SYN, ACK, FIN, RST, PSH, URG Followed
- Urgent Pointer : Urgent Data
- Window size : amount of data before reply
- TCP header: 20 byte minimum – UDP header: 8 byte
session management: creating, managing, and terminating sessions
PDU: Data
Synchronization in connection
Its primary function: converting and formatting data so that the
application on the other end can understand it
(encoding/compression/encryption).
PDU: Data.
Translation
Compression
Encryption
Closest to user/software needs — Provides network
services to applications (known protocols).
PDU: Data.
ALL Protocols
TCP FLAGS
EACH FLAG = 1 bit CONT ..
SYN RST
ACK PSH
FIN URG
START IN Network Layer
SYN : Source → Dest DF (Don't MF (More
Fragment) Fragments)
ACK : Dest → Source
If = 1 →
FIN : Dest → Source Fragmentation is If = 1 → There are
prohibited. If the other parts after this
RST : Dest → Source “ No reply from dest “ packet size exceeds part.
the MTU, it will be If = 0 → This is the last
dropped. If = 0 → part (or the packet is
Fragmentation is not fragmented at all)
allowed.