GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU

Department Of Employment and Training

Course: RRB
Subject: Quantitative Aptitude
Topic: Algebra
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1
 ALGEBRA

1. B.D. = S.I. on bill for unexpired time.

(T.D.)2
2. B.G. = (B.D.) - (T.D.) = S.I. on T.D. =
P.W.

3. T.D.= √P.W. x B.G.

Amount x Rate x Time

4. B.D. =
100

Amount x Rate x Time

5. T.D. =
100 + (Rate x Time)

B.D. x T.D.
6. Amount =
B.D. - T.D.

B.G. x 100
7. T.D. =
Rate x Time

Foot Notes:
B.D -> Banker Discount
T.D-> True Discount
B.G->Banker’s Gain
P.W->Present worth
S.I-> Simple Interest
When the product of two algebraic expressions we follow,
Multiply the signs of the terms,
Multiply the corresponding co-efficients of the terms.
Multiply the variable factors by using laws of exponents.

 For dividing a polynomial by a monomial, divide each term of the

polynomial by a monomial.

2
  Identity: An identity is an equation is satisfied by any value that
replaces its variables
 Identities give an alternative method of solving problems on
multiplication of algebraic expressions and also of numbers.
 Factorisation: Expressing an algebraic expression as the product of
two or more expression is called factorization.

The word algebra comes from the title of the Arabic book Ilm
al-jabrwal makabala by the Persian mathematician and astronomer
al-khwarizmi. Algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and
rules for calculating these symbols. In arithmetic, only numbers and
their arithmetical operations.

am × an = am + n
m n
/ = −
1/ m= −
( )=
If an = 0, then a = 0
If am = an then m = n (a ≠1)
A2 – B2 = (A + B)(A – B)
(A + B)2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB
A2 + B2 = (A + B)2 – 2AB

(A – B)2 = A2 + B2 – 2AB
A2 + B2 = (A – B)2 + 2AB
(A + B)2 + (A – B)2 = 2×(A2 + B2)
A2 + B2 = (( + ) + ( − ) )/
(A + B)2 - (A – B)2 = 4AB
A3 + B3 = (A + B)( A2 + B2 – AB)
A3 - B3 = (A - B)( A2 + B2 + AB)
(A + B)3 = A3 + B3 + 3AB(A + B)
A3 + B3 = (A + B)3 - 3AB(A + B)
(A - B)3 = A3 - B3 - 3AB(A - B)
A3 - B3 = (A - B)3 + 3AB(A - B)
(A + B + C)2 = A2 + B2 + C2 + 2AB + 2BC + 2CA
(A + B + C)3 = A3 + B3 + C3 + 3(A + B)(B + C)(C + A)
A3 + B3 + C3 = (A + B + C)3 - 3(A + B)(B + C)(C + A)
A4 – B4 = (A2 + B2)( A2 - B2)

3
A4 + B4 = (A2 + B2 + AB) – A2B2
A3 + B3 + C3 = (A + B + C)( A2 + B2 + C2 – AB – BC – CA) + 3ABC
A3 + B3 + C3 – 3ABC = = ( + + )/2 [ ( − ) + (B – C) + (C – A) ]

The system of a pair of linear equations a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
has
Constant or unique equation = / ≠ /
(inconsistent) = / = / ≠ /
2
+ 1/ 2=( + 1/ )2− 2
2
+ 1/ 2=( − 1/ )2+ 2
3
+ 1/ 3=( + 1/ )3− 3( + 1/ )
3
− 1/ 3=( − 1/ )3+ 3( − 1/ )
If +1/ = → 2+ 1/ 2= 2− 2
a− 1/a=k → a2+ 1/a2= k2+ 2
a+ 1/a=k → a3+ 1/a3= k3− 3k

a− 1/a=k → a3− 1/a3= k3+ 3k

a5+ 1/a5=(a2+ 1/a2)(a3+ 1/a3)− (a+ 1/a)
If a+ 1/a= √3→ a3+ 1/a3=0
If a2+ 1/a2=k →a+ 1/a= √k+2
a− 1/a= √k−2
If x+ 1/x=2 →x=1 (always)
If x+ 1/x=−2 →x= −1 (always)
TO SOLVE LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE:
1) EQUATION OF TYPE + + + =

Formula, x = − ( + / + )
Example: 2/ +3+ 5/ −2=0
x = −[2 × (−2)+ 3 × 5]/ 2+5
= −11/7

2) EQUATION OF TYPE: / + + / + =0
Formula, x = −( + )/ +
example:
2/3 +2+ 5/2 +1=0
Formula, x = −( + )/ +

x = −(2 × 1+5 × 2)/2 × 2+5 × 3

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x = −12/19

PROBLEMS

1. If ax+b = 3, bx-ay = 4 and x2+y2 = 1, then the value of a2+b2 is?

a) 25 b) 26 c) 27 d) 28
Soln:
Given equations are
ax + by =3 1
bx – ay = 4 2
2 2
x +y =1 3
On squaring equations 1 and 2 and then adding,
We get,
a2x2 + b2y2 +2axby + a2y2 + b2x2 – 2axby = 9 + 16
a2(x2 + y2)+ b2(x2+y2) + 2axby-2axby = 25
=a2×1+b2×1 = 25
a2+b2 = 25

Ans: a) 25

2. If √ x – 2 = 2√ + 4, then the value of x is?

a) 2(1-√3) b) 2(1+√3) c) 1+√3 d) 1-√3
Soln:
Given that
√3 x – 2 = 2√3+ 4
√3 x = 2√3+ 6
x = 2√3+ 6/√3
x =2√3+ 6 /√3 × √3/√3
x = 2(1+√3)

Ans: 2(1+√3)

5
3. If 3x+6/8 – 11x-8/24 + x/3 = 3x/4 – x+7/24, then the value of x is?
a) 0 b) 3/2 c) 3 d) 3/7
Soln:
Given that,
3x+6/8 – 11x-8/24 + x/3 = 3x/4 – x+7/24
9x+18-11x+8+8x/24
18x-x-7/24
6x+26=17x -7
11x = 33
x = 33/11
x=3
Ans: c)3
4. The value of y in the solution of the equation 2x+y = 2x-y = √ is?
a) 0 b) ¼ c) ½ d) 3/7
Soln:
Since, 2x+y = √8
2x-y = √8
x +y = 3/2
x – y = 3/2
2x +2y = 3
2x – 2y = 3
on solving, we get x=3/2, y=0
Ans: a)0

5. If 5 is added to twice of a number it becomes 6, then the number is?

a) 0.5 b) 5 c) 0.25 d) None of these
Soln:
Let the number be x
2x + 5 = 6
2x= 6 – 5
2x = 1
x=½

6
 x = 0.5

Ans: a) 0.5

6. The sum of the two numbers is 11 and their product is 30, then the
numbers are?
a) 8, 3 b) 9, 2 c) 7, 4 d) 6, 5
Soln:
Let the two numbers be x and y
x + y = 11
xy = 30
Now, (x-y)2 = (x+y)2 – 4xy
= (11)2 – 4 × 30
= 121 – 120
=1
x–y=1
On solving equations 1 and 2 we get,
x = 6, y = 5

Ans: d) 6,5

7. If one number is thrice the other and their sum is 20, then the numbers
are?
a) 5, 15 b) 4, 12 c) 3, 9 d) None of these
Soln:
Let the two numbers be x and y,
x = 3y and x + y = 20
3y + y =20
4y = 20
y = 20/4
y=5
x+ 5 = 20
x = 20 -5

7
 = 15

Ans: 5, 15

8. If x + y = 7 and 3x – 2y = 11, then ?

a) x = 2, y = 5 b) x = 5, y = 5 c) x = 5, y = 2 d) x = 0, y = 3
Soln:
Given equations are
x+y=7 1
3x – 2y = 11 2
on multiplying equations 1 by 2 and then adding equation 2, we
get
5x = 25
x = 25/5
x=5
5+y=7
y = 7-5
=2

Ans: c) x=5, y= 2

9. The Solution of the systems of linear equations 0.4x + 0.3y = 1.7 and
0.7x – 0.2y = 0.8 is?
a) x =3, y = 2 b) x = 2, y = -3 c) x = 2, y = 3 d) None of these
Soln:
Given system of linear equations are
4x/10+3y/10 = 17/10
7x/10 – 2y/10 = 8/10
4x + 3y = 17
7x – 2y = 8
On solving equations 1 and 2,
we get
x = 2 and y = 3
8
 Ans: c) x= 2 and y = 3

10. If (x + 1/x) : (x – 1/x) = 5 : 4, then the value of x is?

a) 0 b) ±1 c) ±2 d) ±3
Soln:
Given,
(x+1/x)/(x-1/x) = 5/4
4 × (x+1/x) = 5 (x-1/x)
4x+4/x = 5x-5/x
5x-4x = 4/x + 5/x
x= 9/x
x2 = 9
x = ±3
Ans: d)±3

11. If x3+y3=9 and x+y=3 then the value of x4+y4 is,

1. 81
2. 32
3. 27
4. 17

Solution

Whenever you meet x3+y3=9 and x+y=3 together straightway go for the
expression x3+y3=(x+y)×(x2−xy+y2)

which results in,

9=3×((x+y)2−3xy)

=3×(9−3xy)

=27−9xy

or, xy=2

9
Now easiest way to get x4+y4 is to multiply the first two given expressions
together, giving,

x4+y4+xy(x2+y2)=27

So,

x4+y4=27−2×((x+y)2−2xy)

=27−2×(9−4)=17

Answer: Option 4 : 17.

12. 1 If X = Y = 333 and Z= 334, then the value of X3 + Y3 + Z3 - 3XYZ SOLUTION:

From formula
A3 + B3 + C3 – 3ABC =

= ( + + )/ [ ( − ) + (B – C) + (C – A) ]

= (333+333+334/2) [ (333−333)2+ (333−334)2+ (334−333)2]

= 1000

13. If 999X + 888Y = 1332 and 888X + 999Y = 555 then X2 – Y2 is equal to
SOLUTION:

Given that

999X + 888Y = 1332 …….. (1)

888X + 999Y = 555 ……… (2)

From equations 1 and 2

X+Y=1

And equations (1) – (2)

X–Y=7

Therefore,

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X2 – Y2 = (X+Y)(X-Y)

=1×7

=7

14. The smallest among the following is

A)√ − √ , B) √ − √ , C)√ − √ , D)√ −
SOLUTION:

Here the difference between the square roots of two consecutive numbers is
given. The difference will be the least, if the numbers are bigger.

Hence answer is √ − √

15. If + / = / + − …..
A)4/7 B)3/7 C)5/7 D)6/7
SOLUTION:
Given that
+ / =
/ + −
= × / [ + / − ]
= / ( + / )−
= / × −

= /

16. If x = √ + and y = 1 - √ then the value of + + will be …

A)4 B)5 C)6 D)8
SOLUTION:
x2+ y2+ xy= x2+ y2+ 2xy−xy
=(x+y)2− xy

=(√2+ 1+1− √2)2− [(√2+ 1)(1− √2)]

= 4 –[(1)2−(√2)2]
= 4 – (-1)

=5

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17. If a = -5, b = -6, c = 10 then the value of + + − / + + − −
− will be …
A)2 B)3 C)4 D)1
SOLUTION:
Given that,
a + b + c = (-5) + (-6) + 10
= -1
+ + − / + + − − − = ( + + )( + + − − − )/−
( + + − − − )
= −( + + )
= - (-1)

=1

18. If + / = and x is a real number then the value of + / …

SOLUTION:
A)2 B)3 C)4 D)5
Given that + 1/ =2
X=1
17
+ 1/ 19= 117+ 1119
=1+1

ANS=2

19. If − = and a – b, then the value of ( + ) …

A)22 B)23 C)24 D)20
SOLUTION:
3
− 3=56
(a – b)( 2+ 2+ )=56
2( 2+ 2+ ) = 56
2
+ 2+ =28 …………. (1)
− =2
(a - b) =
a2+ b2− 2ab=4 ……………. (2)

From equations (1) and (2) => ab = 8

2 2
+ + =28
2 2
+ + 8=28

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 2 2
+ =20

[Link] + / = then the value of ( − / ) ….

A)3 B)2 C)4 D)5
SOLUTION:
x4+ 1/x4=23
(x2)2+ 1/(x2)2+ 2=23+2
(x2)2+ 1/(x2)2+ 2 × x2 × 1/x2=25
(x2+ 1/x2)2= 52
2
+ 1/ 2=5
2
+ 1/ 2− 2=5−2
2
+ 1/ 2− 2 × × 1/ =3

( − 1/ )2=3(ANS)

21. If a – b = 3, b – c = 5 and c – a = 1 find the value of + + − / + +

…
A)17.5 B)15.5 C)20.5 D)24.5
SOLUTION:
3
+ 3+ 3− 3 = 12( + + )[( − )2+ ( − )2+ ( − )2]
3
+ 3+ 3− 3 / + + = 12[( − )2+ ( − )2+ ( − )2]
= 12[(3)2+ (5)2+ (1)2]
= 1/2[9+25+1]

= 17. 5

22. If the graph of given linear equations 3x + 4y – 4 = 0 and k – 4y – 3x = 0

coincides with each other, then the value of k is ….
A)5 B)4 C)5 D)6
SOLUTION: Given that, 3x + 4y – 4 = 0
3x – 4y + k = 0

Coincides with each other, then

a1/a2= b1/b2= c1/c2

4/−4= −4/k

K=4

[Link] + / = then what is the value of a3 ?

13
A)-1 B)1 C)2 D)-2
SOLUTION:
Given that, + / =
Cubing on both sides
( + 1/ )3= 13
( 3+ 1/ )3+ 3 ( + 1/ )=1
3
+ 1/ 3+ 3 (1)=1
3
+ 1/ 3= −2
Put, a3 = t
+ 1/ = −2
2
+ 2 +1=0
( + )2=0
= −1

Therefore, a3 = - 1

24. If a + b + c + d = 1, then the maximum value of (1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c)(1 +d) is

…………
A)2 B)3 C)4 D)(5/4)4
SOLUTION:

For maximum value

a=b=c=d=¼

(1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c)(1 +d) = (1 + 1/4) (1 + 1/4) (1 + 1/4) (1 + 1/4)

ANS = (5/4)4

25. In the following question, two equations numbered I and II are given. You
have to solve both the equations and give an answer?
x2 + 4x – 5 = 0
y2 – 8y + 7 = 0
A. x < y B. x > y C. x ≤ y D. x ≥ y E. x = y or no relation is obtained
Ans.1: (C)
For equation 1:
x2 + 4x – 5 = 0
⇒ x2 + 5x – x – 5 = 0
⇒ x(x + 5) – 1(x + 5) = 0
⇒ (x + 5)(x – 1) = 0
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 x = -5, 1
For equation 2:
y2 – 8y + 7 = 0
y2 – 7y – y + 7 = 0
y(y – 7) – 1(y – 7) = 0
(y – 1)(y – 7) = 0
y = 1, 7
When x = -5, y = 1, then x < y
When x = -5, y = 7, then x < y
When x = 1, y = 1, then x = y
When x = 1, y = 7, then x < y
x and y are related as x ≤ y

26. In the following question, two equations numbered I and II are given. You
have to solve both the equations and give an answer?
x2 – 2x + 1 = 0
√5y2 – 6y + √5 = 0
A. x > y B. x < y C. x ≥ y D. x ≤ y E. x = y or relation cannot be established
Ans.2: (E)
For equation 1:
x2 – 2x + 1 = 0
⇒ (x – 1)2 = 0 [∵ a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2]
⇒x=1
For equation 2:
√5y2 – 6y + √5 = 0
⇒ √5y2 – 5y – y + √5 = 0
⇒ √5y (y – √5) – 1 (y – √5) = 0
⇒ (√5y – 1) (y - √5) = 0
⇒ y = 1/√5 or √5
When x = 1, y = 1/√5 then x > y
When x = 1, y = √5 then x < y
∴ Relation cannot be established

27. In the following questions two equations numbered I and II are given. You
have to solve both the equations and give answer?
x2 + 76x + 1444 = 0
3y2 + 228y + 4332 = 0
A. x > y B. x < y C. x ≥ y D. x ≤ y E. x = y or relation cannot be established

15
Ans.3: (E)
For equation 1:
x2 + 76x + 1444 = 0
⇒ (x + 38)2 = 0 [∵ a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2]
⇒ x = -38
For equation 2:
3y2 + 228y + 4332 = 0 ÷ 3
⇒ y2 + 76y + 1444 = 0
⇒ (y + 38)2 = 0
⇒ y = -38
∴x=y

28. Compare the values of the two quantities in the question and answer?
Quantity 1: Solve for x: (49x2+ 84x + 36= 0)
Quantity 2: Solve for y: (70y2 – 3y – 54 = 0)
A. Quantity 1 > Quantity 2 B. Quantity 1 < Quantity 2 C. Quantity 1 ≥ Quantity 2
D. Quantity 1 ≤ Quantity 2 E. Quantity 1 = Quantity 2
Ans.4: (D)
Solving for Quantity 1:
⇒ 49x2+ 84x + 36 = 0
⇒ 49x2 + 42x + 42x + 36 = 0
⇒ 7x(7x +6) + 6(7x + 6) = 0
⇒ (7x + 6) (7x + 6) = 0
⇒ x = – 6/7
⇒ x = – 0.86
⇒ Quantity 1 = – 0.86
Solving for Quantity 2:
⇒ 70y2 – 3y – 54 = 0
⇒ 70y2 + 60y – 63y – 54 = 0
⇒ 10y(7y + 6) – 9(7y + 6) = 0
⇒ (10y – 9) (7y + 6) = 0
⇒ y = – 6/7, 9/10
⇒ y = – 0.86, 0.9
⇒ Quantity 2 = – 0.86, 0.9
∴ Quantity 1 ≤ Quantity 2

29. 2 numbers are in the ratio 5 : [Link] they differ by 18 what in the product of the
two numbers?

16
A. 9 B. 133 C. 243 D. 1215 E. 403
Ans.5: (D)
Let one of the numbers be 5x
∴The other number must be 3x
∴ Difference = 18
∴ 5x - 3x = 18
∴ 2x = 18
x=9
The numbers = 45 and 27
Product = 1215
30. The sum of three consecutive multiples of 4 is 444. Find the products of
these three multiples?
A. 3239424 B. 2983680 C. 3464384 D. 3793920 E. 3109800
Ans.6: (A)
Let the first multiple be x
∴the second multiple will be x+4
The third multiple will be x+8
Sum = 444
x + x + 4 + x + 8 = 444
3x + 12 = 444
3x = 432
x = 144
second multiple = 148
Third multiple = 152
Product = 144 × 148 × 152
ANS= 3239424

31. Four years ago, Shyam's age was 3/4 times of that of Ram. Four years hence,
Shyam's age will be 5/6 times that of Ram. Find the present age of Shayam?
A. 16 years B. 32 years C. 18 years D. 22 years E. None of these
Ans.7: (A)
4 years ago, let Ram's age = x years and
Shyam's age = 3x/4 years
Now, Ram's present age = (x + 4) years
And Shyam’s present age = {(3/4)x + 4} years
Now, according to the question,
5/6(x+4+4)=(3/4x+4+4)
4 (5x + 40) = 6(3x + 32)

17
 20x + 160 = 18x + 192
2x = 32
x = 16
Hence, present age of Shyam = (3/4) × 16 + 4 = 16 years.
Hence, the required answer is 16 years

32. On a school’s Annual Day, apples were to be equally distributed amongst

112 children. But on that particular day 32 children were absent. Thus, the
remaining children got 6 extra apples. How many apples was each child
originally supposed to get?
A. 21 B. 12 C. 15 D. Cannot be determined E. None of these
Ans.8: (C)
Let every student was supposed to get n sweets
Then total number of sweets = 112 × n
Now, every student got 6 extra sweets so they got (n+6) sweets and 32 children
were absent.
Now, total number of sweets = 80 × (n+6)
Hence,
112 × n = 80 × (n+6)
112n – 80n = 80 × 6
32n = 80 × 6
n = 15

33. A boy was asked to find 8/9th of a fraction. He made a mistake of dividing
the fraction by 8/9 and so got an answer which exceeds the correct answer by
17/54. Find the original fraction?
A. 2/3 B. 3/4 C. 4/3 D. 3/5 E. None of these
Ans.9: (C)
Let the fraction be a/b
We consider fraction a/b = x
A boy was asked to find 8/9 th of a fraction. He made a mistake of dividing the
fraction by 8/9 and so got an answer which exceeds the correct answer by 17/54
x/8/9−8/9*x=17/54
9x/8 – 8x/9 = 17/54
9x*9−8x*8/72=17/54
81x−64x/72=17/54
17x/72 = 17/54
x=17/54*72/17

18
 x = 4/3
So, our fraction a/b = x = 4/3

34. The age of my father is equal to sum of my mother’s age and my age. When I
was born, the ratio of ages of my mother and father was 5 : 6. After 8 years, the
ratio of my age and my mother’s age will be 3 : 8. What was my mother’s age
when I was 2 years old?
A. 22 years B. 26 years C. 24 years D. 32 years E. 30 years
Let my age be M years and my mother’s age be N years.
Age of my father = (M + N) years
When I was born, the ratio of ages of my mother and father was 5 : 6.
I was born M years back.
(N - M)/(M + N - M) = 5/6
6N - 6M = 5N
N = 6M
After 8 years, the ratio of my age and my mother’s age will be 3 : 8.
(M + 8)/(N + 8) = 3/8
8M + 64 = 3N + 24
Put N = 6M
8M + 40 = 18M
M = 40/10 = 4
N = 6M = 6 × 4 = 24
Mother’s age = 24 years
I am 4 years old. When I was 2 years old, it would be 2 years back from now, my
mother’s age was 22 years

[Link] cost of two pens and five pencils is Rs 240 and the cost of two pencils
and four pens is Rs 336 then what is the cost of one pen and two pencils?
A. Rs 93 B. Rs 168 C. Rs 111 D. Rs 220 E. None of these
Ans (C)
Let the cost of one pen and one pencil be Rs a andb respectively.
So according to question, 2a + 5b = 240 ……….(1)
And, 4a + 2b = 336 …(2)
On solving these two Equations we will get, a = 75 and b = 18
So, a + 2b = 75 + 2 × 18
ANS= Rs 111

19
36. Multiplication and difference of two numbers are 93 and 28 respectively.
Find the difference of reciprocals of the numbers?
A. 93/28 B. 28/93 C. 13/17 D. 17/29 E. 41/34
Ans. (B)
Let the numbers are x and y
∴x × y = 93 -------------(1)
x – y = 28 --------------(2)
Now reciprocals of the numbers =1/x and 1/y
Then,
Required difference =1/y−1/x =nx−y/xy
=28/93
Hence the required difference of the reciprocals of the numbers
ANS=28/93

37.A library has a fined charge for the first 3 days and an additional charge for
each day thereafter Avanshi paid Rs. 27 for a book kept for seven days if fined
charges are Rs. x and thereafter charges are Rs. y per day. Write the linear
equation representing the above information?
A. 4y + x = 27 B. 3y + x = 27 C. 3x + y = 27 D. 5x + y = 27 E. Insufficient information
Ans (A)
Charges for the first 3 days = x
Charge of the remaining days = y
No. of days remaining = 7 – 3
=4
∴total charge for reaming days = 4y
∴total charge for 7 days = x + 4y
∴equation ⇒ x + 4y = 27

38. Raman has some 50-paisa coins, some 2-rupee coins, some 1-rupee coins
and some 5-rupee coins. The value of all the coins is Rs. 50. Number of 2-rupee
coins is 5 more than that of the 5 rupee coins. 50 paisa coins are double in
number than 1 rupee coins. Value of 50-paisa coins and 1-rupee coins is Rs. 26.
How many 2-rupee coins does he have?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. Cannot be determined E. None of these
Ans (C)
Number of 5 rupee coin = y, value = Rs. 5y
Number of 2 rupee coins = 5 + y, value = Rs. 10 + 2y
Number of 1 rupee coins = x, value = Rs. x

20
Number of 50 paisa coins = 2x, value = Rs. x
According to the problem, Value of 50-paisa coins and 1-rupee coins is Rs. 26
Hence, x + x = 26
⇒ x = 13
Hence, number of 1 rupee coins = 13
Number of 50 paisa coins = 26
The value of all the coins is Rs. 50.
Hence, 26 + 5y + 10 + 2y = 50
⇒ 7y + 36 = 50
⇒ 7y = 14
⇒y=2
Number of 2 rupee coins = y + 5 = 7

39. In following question, two equations are given, you have to solve them and
choose the correct option?
x2 – 3x – 4 = 0,
y2 – 4 = 0
A. x = y or relation cannot be determined B. x > y C. x < y D. x ≥ y E. x ≤ y
Ans: (A)
x2 - 4x + x – 4 = 0
⇒ x (x - 4) + 1(x - 4) = 0
⇒ (x + 1) (x - 4) = 0
x = -1, x = 4
y2 – 4 = 0
y2 = 4
y = +2, -2
(x = 4) > y = (+2,-2) ---- (i)
x = (-1) < y = 2 ---- (ii)
A. Hence, relation cannot be determined.

21
22
 GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
Department Of Employment and Training
Course: RRB
Subject: Quantitative Aptitude
Topic: Arithmetic
Copy right
The Department of Employment and Training has prepared the RRB study
material in the form of e-content for the benefit of Competitive Exam aspirants
and it is being uploaded in this Virtual Learning Portal. This e-content study
material is the sole property of the Department of Employment and Training. No
one (either or individual or an institution) is allowed to make copy or reproduce
the matter in any form. The trespassers will be prosecuted under the Indian
Copyright Act.

It is a cost – free service provided to the job seekers who are preparing for
the Competitive Exams.

Commissioner,
Department of Employment and Training.
 ARITHMETIC
PERCENTAGE

A fraction with denominator 100 is called a percent for example 20% means
20/100.(i.e. 20 parts from 100).

To express x/y as a percent ,we have ((x/y)*100)%

Percentage Increase/Decrease:

If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in consumption

so as not to increase the expenditure is:

(R/100+R)*100% R->Rate

If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in consumption so

as not to decrease the expenditure is:

(R/100-R)*100%

Results on Population:

Let the population of a town be P now and suppose it increases at the rate of R%
per annum, then:

Population after n years= p(1+(R/100))^n

Population n years ago =p/(1+(R/100))^n

Results on Depreciation:

Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose it depreciates at the rate of R%

per annum. Then:

1) Value of the machine after n years=p(1-(R/100))^n

2)Value of the machine n years ago= p/(1-(R/100))^n

3)If A is R%more than B,then B is less than A by=(R/(100+R))*100

4) If A is R% less than B,then B is more than A by=(R/(100-R))*100

[Link] a particular constituency, 60% of voters cast their votes, out of which

4% were rejected. The winning candidate received 75% of the valid votes and

bagged a total of 6750 votes. The total no. of voters in the constituency was ?

A)15000 B)15600 C)15625 D)15600

solution:

Let the total no. of voters in the constituency be X.

Then,

x ×60/100∗100−4/100∗75/100

= 6750

X = 15625

Ans: C)15625

2. If the side of a square is increased by 20%, by how much % its area is

increased?

A)41% B)42% C)43% D)44%

solution:

Original = 100×100 = 10000

Revised = 120×120 = 14400

 Increase% = 14400−10000/10000 × 100

= 44%

Ans: D)44%

3. One side of a square is increased by 10%. To maintain the same area, how

much % the other side is to be decreased?

A)9 1/11% B)8 1/11% C)51/11% D)33 1/3%

Solutions:

Use % reduction of other side = [x/100+x]100

=10/110× 100

= 9 1/11%

Ans: A) 9 1/11%

4. Cost of sugar is increased by 20% and consumption is reduced by 10%.

What is the net effect on the expenditure?

A)8% increase B)8% decrease C)1% increase D)No change

SOLUTION:

Formula, [x + y +(xy/100)]%

Here, 20 - 10 –(20×10)/100

= 8% increase

Ans: A)8% increase

5. A reduction in 20% in the price of sugar enables me to purchase 5 kg

more for Rs. 600. What is the price of sugar per kg before reduction of price?

A)25 B)26 C)27 D)30

SOLUTION:

Here, expenditure before increase = expenditure after increase

Cost × Consumption (before) = Cost × Consumption (after)

100 × x = 80 (x+5)

By solving we get, X = 20

Hence, initial consumption = 20 kg

Initial Cost/Kg = 600/20

= Rs. 30

Ans: D)30

6. In measuring the sides of a rectangle, one side is taken 10% in excess and

the other side is 20% in deficit. Find the error percent in area calculated from

the measurement?

A)-15% defict B)-14% defict C)-12% defict D)-13% defict

solution:

Formula

[x + y +(xy)/100] %

Error % = 10−20−(10× 20)/100

 = − 12%[Deficit]

Ans: C)-12% defict

7. An increase of 20% in the price of mangoes enables a person to purchase

4 mangoes less for Rs. 40. The price of 15 mangoes before increase was?

A)12 B)24 C)25 D)23

solution:

Expenditure before and after will be the same

100x =120 (x− 4)

X= 24

∴ Cost of 24 mangoes before increase = 40

Cost of 15 mangoes before increase = 40/24× 15

= Rs. 25

Ans: C)25

8. In an examination, it is required to get 65% of the aggregate marks to pass. A

student got 540 marks and failed by 5% of marks. What are the maximum
aggregate marks a student can get?

A)600 B)500 C)200 D)900

solution:

Let the maximum marks be x

65/100× X = (540+ 5/100× X)

 60/100× X = 540

∴ x= 900

Ans: D)900

9. A candidate scores 25% and fails by 60 marks, while another candidate scores
50% marks, gets 40 marks more than that of the minimum required marks to
pass the examination. The maximum marks for the examination is?

A)200 B)100 C)400 D)150

solution:

Let the maximum marks be x

According to question

50 x/100–25 x/100

= 60 + 40

By solving we get, X = 400

Ans: C)400

10. A student scored 20% marks & failed by 32 marks, while another student
who scores 32% marks gets 40 marks more than the minimum required pass
marks. What are the maximum marks for the examination ?

A)600 B)200 C)100 D)500

solution:

Let maximum marks = X

According to question
 20% of X + 32 = 32% of X – 40

20/100× x + 32

=32/100 × x – 40

X = 600

Ans: A)600

11. If 2 liter of water is evaporated on boiling from 8 liters of sugar solution

containing 5% sugar. Find the % sugar in the remaining solution ?

A)5 2/3% B)4 2/3% C)6 2/3% D)1 2/3%

solution:

Sugar = 5% of 8 => 2/5liters

After 2 liters evaporated, remaining 8 - 2 = 6 liters

Therefore, sugar % = 2/5×100/6

= 6 2/3 %

Ans: C)6 2/3%

12.A mixture of 90 liters of milk & water contains 20% of water. How much
water must be added to mixture so as to make water content equal to 25%.?

A)2L B)6L C)5L D)7L

solution:

Water = 20% of 90 = 18

Milk = 80% of 90 = 72 liters

Let X- liters water added to mixture

Water/milk => (18 + X)/72= 25/75

X = 6 liters

Ans: B)6L
 GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
Department Of Employment and Training
Course: RRB
Subject: Quantitative Aptitude
Topic: Geometry
Copy right
The Department of Employment and Training has prepared the
RRB exam study material in the form of e-content for the benefit of
Competitive Exam aspirants and it is being uploaded in this Virtual
Learning Portal. This e-content study material is the sole property of
the Department of Employment and Training. No one (either or
individual or an institution) is allowed to make copy or reproduce the
matter in any form. The trespassers will be prosecuted under the Indian
Copyright Act.

It is a cost – free service provided to the job seekers who are

preparing for the Competitive Exams.
Commissioner,
Department of Employment and Training.
 GEOMETRY:

Triangles and its various kinds of centres:

Triangle have four kind of centre namely

CENTROID,ORTHOCENTER,CIRCUMCENTER and INCENTER.

Centroid:

The centroid is the first center and is obtained by locating the intersection of
the three medians of the [Link] median of the triangle is obtained by joining
each vertex with the midpoint of the opposite side.

 It is the point of intersection of the three median of the triangle.

 A centroid divides the area of the triangle in exactly three parts.
 A line segment joining the midpoint of the side with the opposite vertex
is called median.

Orthocenter:

The second center of a triangle is the [Link] is obtained by finding the

intersection of the 3 altitudes of the [Link] altitude is found by joining each
vertex with the point on the opposite side that creates a perpendicular line with
the opposite side.
  It is the point of intersection of all the 3 altitudes of the triangle.

Circumcenter:

The circumcenter is the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of each

side of the triangle.
Incenter:

The last center is the [Link] incenter is found by first constructing the
angle bisectors of each of the three angles.
 Congruence and similarity of triangles:

Congruence of Triangles

congruent objects have same shape and size. In the same way, two triangles are
said to be congruent if their corresponding sides measure same length and
eventually their corresponding angles would be the same.

Symbolically, two triangles can represented congruent by placing the sign

≅between the names of triangle. Let us suppose that two random triangles △ABC
and △PQR are congruent, then we write

△ABC≅△PQR
Which is read as triangle ABC is congruent to triangle PQR and vice versa.

In the case, when two triangles are congruent, it implies that their corresponding
parts are equal. Thus, without even seeing a diagram, we can say that
If △ABC≅△PQR

then AB = PQ, BC = QR, AC = PR and ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R

This property is known as "corresponding parts of congruent triangles" or "CPCT"

Rules for Congruence

Rule 1 : SSS (Side, Side, Side)

Two triangles are said to be congruent if all the three sides of a triangle are equal
to the corresponding sides of another. This rule is thus known as side, side, side or
in short SSS principle.

Rule 2 : SAS (Side, Angle, Side)

Two triangles can be proved congruent if two sides of a triangle are equal to
corresponding sides of another and angle between them is also of same measure.
For this criterion, It is mandatory that the angle to be considered is the angle
between the equal sides. This rule is known as side, angle, side or SAS rule.
Rule 3 : AAS (Angle, Angle, Side)
If in two triangles, two corresponding angles are equal in measure and
one corresponding side is equal in length, then these triangles are said to be
congruent to each other. This principle is known as angle, angle, side or AAS
principle.

Rule 4 : RHS (Right angle, Hypotenuse, Side)

This rule applies to the congruence of two right-angled triangles. If two triangles
are right angled and having same length of hypotenuse along with another same
corresponding side, then such triangles will be congruent to each other. This is
known as right angle, hypotenuse, side or RHS rule.

Similarity of Triangles

Two triangles are called similar to each other, if their corresponding sides are in
same ratio and all three angles are same; i.e. their shape is same and size may be
different.

When two triangles are similar, we represent it by placing ∼ sign between the
names of triangles. For example -

△ABC∼△PQR
denotes that triangle ABC is similar to triangle PQR and vice versa.

In this case, we can conclude that

ABPQ= BCQR = ACPR and ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R

Rules of Similarity

Rule 1 : AA (Angle, Angle)

If two angles in one triangle are equal to the corresponding angles in
another triangle, then both triangles would be similar to each other. This
is called angle, angle or AA criterion.
Rule 2 : SSS (Side, Side, Side)
If all three corresponding sides of two triangles are in same proportion, then they
are said to be similar triangles. Thus, it is named as side, side, side or SSS
principle.

Rule 3 : SAS (Side, Angle, Side)

Two triangles can be proved similar when their two corresponding sides are in
same proportion and corresponding angles in between the sides are of same
measure. Therefore, this is called side, angle side or SAS rule.

CIRCLES AND ITS CHORDS

CHORDS: A chord is a segment that joins two points of a circle

1. Chords are equidistant from the center if and only if their lengths are equal.
2. Equal chords are subtended by equal angles from the center of the circle.
3. A chord that passes through the center of a circle is called a diameter, and
is the longest chord.
4. If the line extensions (secant lines) of chords AB and CD intersect at a point
P, then their lengths satisfy AP·PB = CP·PD (power of a point theorem).

TANGENTS:

Tangent to a circle is a line that touches the circle at one point, which is
known as Tangency. At the point of Tangency, Tangent to a circle is always
perpendicular to the radius.
Tangents Formula

we consider a circle where P is the exterior point. From that exterior point, the
circle has the tangent at a points A and B. A straight line which cuts curve into two
or more parts is known as a secant. So, here secant is PR is drawn and at Q, R
intersects the circle as shown in the upper diagram. The formula for tangent-
secant states that:

PR/PS = PS/PQ => PS2 = [Link]

Properties of Tangents

Remember the following points about the properties of tangents-

 The tangent line never crosses the circle, it just touches the circle.
 At the point of tangency, it is perpendicular to the radius.
 A chord and tangent form an angle and this angle is same as that of tangent
inscribed on the opposite side of the chord.
 From the same external point, the tangent segments to a circle are equal.

Theorems for Tangents to Circle

Theorem 1

A radius is obtained by joining the centre and the point of tangency. The tangent
at a point on a circle is at right angles to this radius.
Theorem 2

This theorem states that if from one external point, two tangents are drawn to a
circle then they have equal tangent segments. Tangent segment means line
joining to the external point and the point of tangency.

PROBLEMS:

1. In the following figure, Find the value of y.

A (2x + 4) ̊

D(x + 10) ̊ D D B(5y + 5) ̊

C (4y - 4) ̊

a)20 ̊ b) 10 ̊ c) 25 ̊ d) 30 ̊

Soln:
Since, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
A + C = 180 ̊
2x + 4 +4y-4 = 180 ̊
( sum of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral in 180 ̊)
x + 2y = 90 ̊
B + D = 180 ̊
5y + 5 + x + 10 = 180 ̊
x + 5y = 165 ̊
3y = 75 ̊
y = 75 ̊ /3
y = 25 ̊
Ans: c) 25 ̊
2. If ABCD is a parallelogram, then find the value of x and y.

A B

D C
a) 4 ̊, 5 ̊ b) 5 ̊, 4 ̊ c) 6 ̊, 5 ̊ d) None of the above
Soln:
AB II DC
ABD = BDC
28 ̊= 7y
y = 28 ̊ /7
y=4 ̊
similarly, AD II BC
ADB = DBC
12x = 60 ̊
x = 60 ̊ /12
x=5 ̊

Ans: 5 ̊, 4 ̊
3. In a rectangle ABCD, diagonal AC and BD intersect each other at O. If
AB = 32 cm and AD = 24 cm, find the length of OD?
a) 40 cm b) 60 cm c) 80 cm d) 20 cm
Soln:
Clearly BAD is a right angled triangle,
A 32 cm B

oo

D 24cm C
 (BD)2 = (AB)2 + (AD)2
= (32)2 + (24)2
= 1024 + 576
= 1600
BD = 40 cm
OD = BD/2
= 40/2
= 20 cm
Ans: d)20cm

4. In the adjoining figure, O is the centre of the circle. Find the value of
BAC?

B
130 ̊

A A C

a) 65 ̊ b) 90 ̊ c) 80 ̊ d) 45 ̊
Soln:
BAC = ½ BOC
= ½ × 130 ̊
= 65 ̊
Ans: a)65°
5. In a rhombus, ABCD B = 60 ̊, AB = 14 cm. Find the diagonal AC?
a) 7 cm b) 14 cm c) 14√2 cm d) cannot be determined
Soln:
ADC = ½ × AOC
= ½ × 140 ̊
= 70 ̊
ABCD is rhombus
AB =BC
BAC = BCA
A D

B C

Now, in ABC,
BAC + ABC + BCA = 180 ̊
BAC + 60 ̊ + BAC = 180 ̊
(BAC = BCA)
2BAC = 120
BAC = 120/2
= 60 ̊
ABC = BAC = BCA = 60 ̊
ABC is equilateral,
Thus, AC = AB = 14 cm

Ans: b) 14 cm

6. From the centre of a circle, distance of a chord is 16 cm. If radius of the

circle be 20 cm. What will be the length of the chord?
a) 6 cm b) 12cm c) 24 cm d) 36 cm
Soln:
According to the question,
 OM = 16 cm

A M B
In right angled OMA
(OA)2 = (OM)2 + (AM)2
(AM)2 = (OA)2 – (OM)2
(AM)2 = (20)2-(16)2
= 400 – 256
= 144
AM = 12 cm
Thus, the length of chord,
AB = 2,
AM = 2 × 12
= 24 cm

ANS: c) 24 cm

7. In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD A= 4x ̊, B = 7x ̊, c = 5y ̊ and d = y ̊. Find

the ratio y : x?
a) 2 : 3 b) 3 : 2 c) 3 : 4 d) 4 : 3
Soln:
In cyclic quadrilateral ABCD
8. If (3x + 15) ̊ and (x + 5) ̊ are supplementary angles, find the value of x?
a) 20 ̊ b) 30 ̊ c) 40 ̊ d) 60 ̊

Soln:

(3x+15) ̊ and (x + 5) ̊ are supplementary,

(3x + 15) ̊ + (x + 5) ̊ = 180 ̊
4x + 20 ̊ = 180 ̊
4x = 180 ̊ - 20 ̊
 4x = 160 ̊
x = 160 ̊ /4
x = 40 ̊

Ans: c) 40 ̊

9. The ratio of angles of a triangle are in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 4. Find the

largest angle of the triangle?
a) 20 ̊ b) 40 ̊ c) 60 ̊ d) 80 ̊
Soln:
Let angles of the triangle are 2x, 3x and 4x,
respectively, then
2x + 3x + 4x = 180 ̊
9x = 180 ̊
x = 180 ̊ /9
x = 20 ̊
Thus, the largest angle = 4x
= 4 × 20 ̊
= 80 ̊

Ans: d) 80 ̊

[Link] the value of z.

B C

A D

O
 a) 120 ̊ b) 240 ̊ c) 180 ̊ d) 360 ̊
Soln:
z/3 + z/4 + z/6 = 180 ̊
9z/12 = 180 ̊
z = 180 ̊ × 12/9
= 240 ̊

Ans: b) 240 ̊

[Link] angle is greater than it’s supplementary angle by 20 ̊. Find the

angle?
a) 80 ̊ b) 90 ̊ c) 100 ̊ d) 120 ̊
Soln:
Let the angle be x ̊
Then, its supplementary angle = (180 ̊ - x)
According to the question,
x – (180 ̊ - x) = 20 ̊
2x – 180 ̊ = 20 ̊
2x = 200 ̊
x = 100 ̊
ANS: c) 100 ̊

[Link] the following figure, find the value of x?

(3x + 10) ̊ (x + 10) ̊

a) 20 ̊ b) 30 ̊ c) 40 ̊ d) 50 ̊
Soln:

According to the figure,

 (3x+10) ̊ + (x + 10) ̊ = 180 ̊
4x + 20 ̊=180 ̊
4x =180 ̊ - 20 ̊
4x = 160 ̊
x = 160 ̊ /4
x = 40 ̊

Ans: c) 40 ̊

[Link] the adjoining figure, find the value of k.

L1

Z K

L2

a) 40 ̊ b) 160 ̊ c) 80 ̊ d) 120 ̊
Soln:
Since, L1 and L2 are parallel lines,

therefore 40 = k

Ans: a) 40 ̊

[Link] the above question, find the value of Z?

a) 140 ̊ b) 120 ̊ c) 80 ̊ d) 120 ̊
Soln:
From the figure, Z + K = 180 ̊
Z = 180 ̊ - k
= 180 ̊ - 40 ̊
 = 140 ̊

Ans: a) 140 ̊

[Link] the adjoining figure, if BAC=55 ̊ and the triangleis isosceles, then
find the value of B?
a) 72 ̊ b) 62 ̊ c) 60 ̊ d) None of these
Soln:
ABC is isosceles with AB = AC
ABC = ACB
BAC + ABC + ABC = 180 ̊
(ABC = ACB)
2ABC = 125
ABC = 62.5

Ans: d) None of these

16. What will be the value of X in adjoin figure.

A 40 ̊

120°

B C D

a) 50 ̊ b) 80 ̊ c) 70 ̊ d) None of these
Soln:
ACD is an external angle of ABC
ACD = ABC + BAC

120 ̊ = x + 40 ̊
x = 120 ̊ - 40 ̊
 x = 80 ̊

Ans: b) 80 ̊

[Link] the adjoining figure, if B = 90 ̊, find the length of AC.

A

3 cm

B 4 cm C

a) 6m b) 5m c) 7 m d) 8 m
Soln:

Since, B = 90 ̊
By Pythagoras theorem,
(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
(AC)2 = (3)2 + (4)2
= 9 + 16
= 25
AC = 5 cm

Ans: b) 5m
[Link] the value of AD in the parallelogram ABCD.

D 3x + 5 C

A 6x - 10 B
 a) 20 units b) 45 units c) 30 units d) None of these
Soln:
ABCD is a parallelogram,
AB = DC
6x – 10 = 3x + 5
6x – 3x = 5 + 10
3x = 15
x = 15/3
x=5
Now, AD=BC=4x-5
=4×5–5
= 20 – 5
= 15

Ans: d) None of these

[Link] three angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 3 : 2 : 1 and the fourth
angle is equal to these three, then find the value of smallest angle?
a) 15 ̊ b) 20 ̊ c) 30 ̊ d) 40 ̊
Soln:
Let three angles of the quadrilateral are 3x, 2x and x respectively.
Then, fourth angle
= 3x + 2x + x = 6x
Now, sum of all the four angles = 360 ̊
3x + 2x + x + 6x = 360 ̊
12x = 360 ̊
x = 360 ̊/12
x = 30 ̊
Thus, smallest angle = 30 ̊

Ans: 30 ̊
19. If MNOP be a cyclic quadrilateral with M : N: O = [Link], then find the
value of P?
a) 108 ̊ b) 36 ̊ c) 72 ̊ d) 144 ̊
Soln:
Let M = x, N = 3x, O = 4x
MNOP is cyclic quadrilateral
M + O = 180 ̊
x + 4x = 180 ̊
5x = 180 ̊
x = 180 ̊ /5
x = 36 ̊
N = 3x = 3 × 36 ̊
= 108 ̊
N + P = 180 ̊
P = 180 ̊ - N= 180 ̊ - 108 ̊
= 72 ̊
Ans: 72 ̊
 GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
Department Of Employment and Training
Course: RRB
Subject: Quantitative Aptitude
Topic: Mensuration
Copy right
The Department of Employment and Training has
prepared the RRB study material in the form of e-content
for the benefit of Competitive Exam aspirants and it is
being uploaded in this Virtual Learning Portal. This e-
content study material is the sole property of the
Department of Employment and Training. No one (either
or individual or an institution) is allowed to make copy or
reproduce the matter in any form. The trespassers will be
prosecuted under the Indian Copyright Act.

It is a cost – free service provided to the job seekers

who are preparing for the Competitive Exams.

Commissioner,
Department of Employment and Training.

1
 MENSURATION

Introduction :

An important aspect in everyones day-to-day life is to measure.

Measuring the length of a rope, the distance between two places,
finding the perimeter, area of plots and lands, building the structures
under specified measures etc., are a few of the many situations where
the concept of ‘measure’ is used.

It is said that the biggest invention by man is the wheel. The

wheel is otherwise called as the ‘cradle of invention’. What is the shape
of a wheel? circle, isn’t it? In the things we use, apart from circles, we
can also see different shapes like triangles, squares, rectangles etc.,

Measurements play a vital role in everyone’s life. Not only the

person who learns proper mathematics in schools, but also the layman
uses his logical thinking to apply the concept of measurements when he
needs. For example, a carpenter who carves out the wooden wheels of
a temple car wants to protect the outer surface by an iron strap. With
all his experience, he says that a 22 feet strap will be required for a 7
feet high(diameter) wooden wheel.

TRIANGLES:

A closed figure consisting of three line segments linked end-to-end.

Properties of all triangles

These are some well known properties of all triangles.

 The interior angles of a triangle always add up to 180°

 The exterior angles of a triangle always add up to 360°

2
Types of Triangle

Isosceles Two sides equal

Equilateral All sides equal

Scalene No sides equal

Right One angle

triangle 90°.

One angle
obtuse greater than
90°

All angles less

acute
than 90°

3
 All interior
equiangular
angles equal

Formulae:

 Sum of angles of a triangle is 180.

 The sum of any two sides of triangle is greater than the third side.
 In an right angle triangle (Hypotenuse)2 =(base)2+(height)2(pythagoras
theorem)
.
 Area of a triangle = 1/2x Base x Height.
 2. Area of a triangle = √s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)
where a, b, c are the sides of the triangle and s = 1/2(a + b + c).
√3
x (side)2.
 Area of an equilateral triangle = 4
a
 Radius of incircle of an equilateral triangle of side a = .
2√3
a
 Radius of circumcircle of an equilateral triangle of side a = .
√3
∆
 Radius of incircle of a triangle of area ∆ and semi-perimeter r = .
s

QUADILATERALS:

A Quadrilateral has four-sides.

Properties

A quadrilateral has:

 four sides (edges)

 four vertices (corners)
 interior angles that add to 360 degrees:
4
Types of Quadrilaterals

There are special types of quadrilateral:

Rectangle all angles 90°,opposite sides equal.

Square all angles 90,all sides equal.

Rhombus all sides equal ,opposite sides parallel.

Parallelogram opposite sides parellel and equal.

FORMULAE:
 Area of a rectangle = (Length x Breadth).

Area Area
Length = Breadth and Breadth = .
Length

 Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(Length + Breadth).

 Area of a square = (side)2 = 1/2(diagonal)2.
 Area of 4 walls of a room = 2 (Length + Breadth) x Height.
 Area of parallelogram = (Base x Height).
 Area of a rhombus = 1/2x (Product of diagonals).
 Area of a trapezium = 1/2x (sum of parallel sides) x distance between
them

CIRCLES:

It is a set of series of all points in a plane that is given and its distance make same
from the center.

Area of a circle = R2, where R is the radius.

2. Circumference of a circle = 2 R.

5
 2 R
3. Length of an arc = , where is the central angle.
360
1 R2
4. Area of a sector = (arc x R)= .
2 360
[Link] of a semi circle =( + 2)
[Link] of semi circle is = /2

Right circular cone:

Any cone with circular right section is a circular cone. Right circular cone
is a circular cone whose axis is perpendicular to its base.

Area of the base

Ab= πr2

Lateral area AL
The lateral area of a right circular cone is equal to one-half the product of the
circumference of the base c and the slant height L.
AL=12cL

Taking c = 2πr, the formula for lateral area of right circular cone will be more
convenient in the form

AL=πrL

6
The relationship between base radius r, altitude h, and slant height L is given by

R2+h2=L2

Volume, V

V=1/3πR2H

Right circular cylinder:

A right circular cylinder is a cylinder whose base is a circle and whose elements
are perpendicular to its base.

Formulas for Right Circular Cylinder

Area of the base, Ab

Ab=πr2

Ab=π/4d2

Lateral Area, AL

AL=2πrh

AL =πdh

Volume, V

V=Abh

V=πr2h

V=π/4d2h

Total Area, AT

Total area (open both ends), AT = AL

Total Area (open one end), AT=Ab+ AL

Total Area (closed both ends), AT=2Ab+ AL

7
Sphere:

A sphere is a round solid object such that it has only one curved surface and every
point on this surface is equidistant from the centre of the sphere.

The volume of a sphere:

V= 4/3 π r3

The surface area of a sphere:

4 π r2

The circumference of a sphere:

C=2πr

Curved surface area :

(2πrh) sq. units.

Total surface area:

2πr(h + r) sq. units.

The diameter of a sphere:

d = 2r

Hemi sphere:

hemisphere is a three-dimensional shape that is half of a sphere with one flat,

circular side, which also known as a face.

Let the radius of a hemisphere be r. Then,

Volume = 2/3πr3 cubic units.

Curved surface area = (2πr2) sq. units.

Total surface area = (3πr2) sq. units.

8
Right prism:

A prism which has bases aligned one directly above the other and has lateral faces
that are rectangles.

Volume: Bh h=height of the prism

Lateral surface area:hP B=area of the base

Total surface area:hP+2B P=perimeter of the base

Rectangular parallelepiped:

A three-dimensional figure all of whose face angles are right angles,

so all its faces are rectangles and all its dihedral angles are right angles.
(A dihedral angle is an angle created by two intersecting planes.)

Edges: a, b, c Diagonal: d Volume: V

d = sqrt(a2+b2+c2)
T = 2(ab+ac+bc)
V = abc
Face diagonals =sqrt(a2+b2),
sqrt(a2+c2), sqrt(b2+c2)

Regular polygons:

A "Regular Polygon" has:

 all sides equal and

 all angles equal.

9
Exterior Angle

The exterior angle is the angle between any side of a shape,

and a line extended from the next side.

All the Exterior Angles of a polygon add up to 360°, so:

Each exterior angle must be 360°/n

(where n is the number of sides)

Interior Angles

The interior angle and Exterior Angle are measured from the same line, so they
add up to 180°.

Interior Angle = 180° − Exterior Angle

We know the Exterior angle = 360°/n, so:

Interior Angle = 180° − 360°/n

Area of Polygon = ½ × n × Radius2 × sin(2 × π/n)

Area of Polygon = ¼ × n × Side2 / tan(π/n)

Regular right pyramid:

A right pyramid with a base that is a regular polygon. If the base is a triangle then
the figure is called a tetrahedron.

10
volume:1/3 Bh h=height

Lateral surface area for a right regular pyramid:1/2PS B=area of the base

Total surface area for a right regular pyramid:B+1/2PS P=perimeter

S=slant height

. PROBLEMS

1. The area of the circle whose circumstance is equal to the perimeter of a

square of side 11 cm is?
a) 154 cm2 b) 144 cm2 c) 134 cm2 d) 124 cm2
Soln:
Circumstance of circle = 4 × 11= 44 cm
2 r = 44 cm
r = 44/2
r = 7 cm
Area of the sector of circle
= r2 = 22/7 × 7 × 7
= 154 cm2

Ans: a) 154 cm2

2. A field is in the form of a circle. The cost of plough the field at Rs. 1.50 per
m2 is Rs. 5775. The cost of fencing the field at Rs. 8.50 per m is?

11
 a) 1870 b) 2870 c) 1970 d) 2970
Soln:

Area of the field,

= Total cost of ploughing/Rate per square metre

= 5775/1.50

= 3850 m2

Let radius be r,

Then r2 = 3850

r2 = 3850/

= 3850/22 × 7

= 1225

r = √1225

r = 35

Circumstance of the field = 2 r

= 2 × 22/7 × 35

= 220 m

Cost of fencing the field,

= 220 × 17/2

= 1870

Ans: a) 1870

12
3. A bicyle wheel makes 5000 revolutions in moving 11 km. The diameter of
the wheel is?
a) 50 cm b) 60 cm c) 70 cm d) 80 cm

Soln:

Distance covered in one revolution

= 11 × 1000 × 100/5000

= 220 cm

The circumference of the wheel = 220cm

Let the diameter be d

= d = 220

22/7 × d = 220

d = 220 × 7/22

=70cm

Ans: c) 70 cm

4. The diameter of the wheel of a bus is 140 cm. How many revolution per
minute must a wheel make in order to move at a speed of 66 km/h?
a) 200 b) 250 c) 300 d) 350
Soln:
Distance covered by wheel in on minute,
= (66 × 1000 × 100/60)
= 110000 cm
Circumference of wheel
= 2 × 22/7 × 70
= 440 cm

Number of revolutions in 1 min

13
 = 110000/440

= 250

Ans: b) 250

5. A horse tied to a pole fixed at one corner of 50m × 50m square filed of
grass by means of a 20m long rope. What is the area of that part of the
field which the horse can graze?
a) 1256 m2 b) 942 m2 c) 628 m2 d) 314 m2
Soln:
A 20 m B
A

D 50 cm C

Area of shaded part = r2 × /360 ̊

= × 20 × 20 × 90 ̊ × 360 ̊
= 3.14 × 400 × ¼
= 314 cm2

Ans: d) 314 m2

6. A chord of a circle of radius 6 cm subtends an angle of 60 ̊ at the centre of

the circle. The area of the minor segment is?
a) 6.54 cm2 b) 0.327 cm2 c) 7.25 cm2 d) 3.27 cm2
Soln:
B

14
 Here, = 60 ̊
r = 6 cm
Area of inner segment
= 36/2(60 × 3.14/180 - √3/2)
= 3.27 cm2

Ans: d) 3.27 cm2

7. If a wheel covers a distance of 440m in 20 rotations. Then, the diameter of

the wheel is?
a) 3.5 m b) 7 m c) 14 m d) 21 m
Soln:
2 r = 1 rotation
2 r × 20 = 20 rotations
2 × 22/7 × r × 20 = 440
r = 440 × ½ × 7/22 ×1/20
r = 7/2
Hence, diameter = 2 × 7/2
=7m

Ans: b) 7 m

8. If the perimeter of a square 16 cm, then the area of the square is?
a) 8 cm2 b) 16 cm2 c) 32 cm2 d) 64 cm2
Soln:
Perimeter of square = 4a
4a = 16
a = 16/4
a =4
a = (4)2
2

a2 = 16

15
 Ans: b) 16 cm2

9. If the diagonal of a rectangle 13 cm and its perimeter 34 cm, then its area
will be?
a) 442 cm2 b) 260 cm2 c) 60 cm2 d) 20 cm2
Soln:
D C

A B
Let l cm and b cm are the length and breadth of given rectangle
respectively,
perimeter 2 × (l + b) = 34
l + b =17
l2 + b2 = (13)2
l2 + b2 = 169

we know that(l + b)2 = l2 + b2 + 2lb

(17)2 = 169 + 2lb
289 – 169 = 2lb
120= 2lb
lbh = 60 cm2

Ans: c) 60 cm2

[Link] diagonal of a square is 6 cm. Its area (in cm2) is?

a) 18 b) 15 c) 9 d) 12
Soln:
Let the side of square = a

16
 D C

A a B

In square ABCD, BD = √2 × AB
6 = AB √2
6 = a√2
a = 6/√2
Area = a2
= (6/√2)2
= 36/2
= 18 cm2

Ans: a) 18 cm2

[Link] surface area of a cube is 486 sq m, then its volume is?

a) 729 m2 b) 781 m2 c) 625 m2 d) 879 m2
Soln:
Let side of a cube be a
Surface area of the cube = 6a2
6a2 = 486
a2 = 486/6
= 81
a = √81
a=9
Volume of the cube = (side)3
= 93
= 729

Ans: a) 729 m2

17
[Link] length of the diagonal of a cube of side length 2 cm is?
a) 2√3 cm2 b) 2√2 cm2 c) 3√2 cm2 d) √2 cm2
Soln:
Length of diagonal of a cube = a√3
Therefore, length of diagonal of cube of side 2 cm = 2√3 cm

Ans: a) 2√3 cm2

[Link] the volume of a cube whose surface area is 726 m2?

a) 1300 m2 b) 1452 m2 c) 1542 m2 d) 1331 m2
Soln:
Surface area of cube = 6a2
6a2 = 726
a2 = 121
a = 11
Volume of cube = a3
= 113
= 1331 m3

Ans: d) 1331 m2

[Link] of a cylinder of the same base radius and the same height as that
of a cone is?
a) same as theat of the cone
b) 2 times the volume of the cone
c) 1/3 times the volume of the cone
d) 3 times the volume of the cone
Soln:
Volume of cone = 1/3 r2
Volume of cylinder = r2h

18
 Hence, Volume of cylinder is 3 times the volume of cone.

Ans: 2 times the volume of the cone

[Link] volume of a rectangular box whose area of three adjacent faces are
50 cm2, 30 cm2 and 20 cm2 is?
a) 600 cm3 b) 1500 cm3 c) 173 cm3 d) 371 cm3
Soln:
Volume = √product of the area of three adjacent faces
V = √50 × 30 × 20
= √30000
= 100√3
= 100 × 1.73
= 173 cm2

Ans: c) 173 cm3

[Link] the area of a rhombus whose diagonals are of lengths 18

cm and 10 cm.?
a) 50 b) 90 c) 80 d) 70
Soln:
Area of rhombus = ½(product of the diagonals)
= ½ ×18×10
= 90 cm2
Ans: b) 90 cm

[Link] the area of a rhombus, one of whoe sides is 16 cm and

altitude is 6 cm. If one of its diagonals is 12 cm, find its other
diagonal?
Soln:

19
 Area of the rhombus = area of the parallelogram (since a rhombus
is a parallelogram)
= base × height
= 16 × 6
= 96 cm2
Also, area of the rhombus = ½(product of diagonals)
One of the diagonals is 12 cm and let the other be d cm.
½ (12×d) = 96
d = 96×2/12 = 16 cm
Thus, the other diagonal of the rhombus is 16cm.

[Link] the circumference and area of a circle whose radius is 35

cm?
A)3850CM2 B)3880CM2 C)3250CM2 D)3540CM2
Soln:
Cicumference = 2 r
= 2 × 22/7 × 35
= 220 cm
Area = r2
= 22/7 × 35 × 35
ANS = 3850 cm2

[Link] the area of a circle, given that its circumference is 206.8 cm?

a) 3401.86 cm2 b) 50 cm2 c) 105.2 cm2 d) 155.40 cm2

Soln:

Given circumference = 2 r

2 r = 206.8

20
 2×22/7×r = 206.8

r = 206.8 × 7/2 × 22

= 32.9 cm

Area of a circle with 32.9 cm radius,

= r2

= 22/7 × 32.9 × 32.9

= 3401.86 cm2

Ans: a) 3401.86 cm2

[Link] circular plates, each of radiu 7 cm and thickness 0.5cm, are

placed one above the other to form a right circular cylinder. Find its
total surface area?
a) 1408 cm2 b) 52 cm2 c) 48.25 cm2 d) 55.23 cm2
Soln:
Radius of the base of the cylinder thus formed, r= radius of each plate
= 7 cm
Height of the cylinder thus formed,
h = 50 × thickness of each plate
= 50 × ½
= 25 cm
Total surface area = 2(22/7)(7)(25+7) cm2
ANS= 1408 cm2
Thus, the total surface area is 1408 cm2.

20. Find area of curved surface and volume of cylinder?(radius – 7

cm and height – 13.5)?
21
 a) 35.85 cm2 b) 45.85 cm2 c) 58.12 cm2 d) 2079 cm3

Soln:
Area of curved surface = 2 rh
= 2×22/7×7×13.5
= 594 cm2
Volume of cylinder = r2l
= 22/7× 7×7×13.5
ANS = 2079 cm3

21. A petrol tank is in the form of a cylinder whose diameter is 3 m

and length is 7 m. How much petrol in litres can be stored in the
petrol tank?
A)49500 B)29750 C)62500 D)37450
Soln:
Diameter of the tank = 2r = 3m
Radius = r= 1.5m = 150m
Height of the tank = h= 7m = 700 cm
Capacity of the petrol tank = volume of the tank = r2h
= 22/7 × (150)2 × 700
= 49500 L
Thus, 49500L of petrol can be stored in the tank.

22. The total surface area of a cylinder is 968 cm2. Find the volume
of the cylinder if its height is 7 cm?
A)2310CM3 B)2520CM3 C)4540CM3 D)2720CM3
Soln:
Let the height of the cylinder be h cm and radius r= 7 cm.

22
 Total surface area of the cylinder = 2 r(r+h)
Thus, 2 × 22/7 ×7(7+h)
7+h = 968/44 = 22
h = 15 cm
Height of the cylinder = 15 cm
Volume of the cylinder = r2h
= 22/7 (7)2(15)
ANS = 2310 cm3.

23. Find the total surface area of a cube, if it diagonal measures

5√ cm.
A)122CM3 B)125CM3 C)126CM3 D)128CM3
Soln:
The diagonal of a cube = √3cm × Length of side
5√3 = √3 × Length of side
Length of side = 5 cm
Now, total surface area of a cube = 6l2
= 6(5)2
= 150 cm2
Volume of a cube = (5)3 = 125 cm3

23
 GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
Department Of Employment and Training
Course: RRB
Subject: Quantitative Aptitude

Topic: Partnership buisness

Copy right
The Department of Employment and Training has prepared the RRB study
material in the form of e-content for the benefit of Competitive Exam aspirants
and it is being uploaded in this Virtual Learning Portal. This e-content study
material is the sole property of the Department of Employment and Training. No
one (either or individual or an institution) is allowed to make copy or reproduce
the matter in any form. The trespassers will be prosecuted under the Indian
Copyright Act.

It is a cost – free service provided to the job seekers who are preparing for
the Competitive Exams.

Commissioner,
Department of Employment and Training.

1
PARTNERSHIP BUISNESS:

Partnership:

When two or more than two persons run a business jointly, they are called
partners and the deal is known as partnership.

Ratio of Divisions of Gains:

I. When investments of all the partners are for the same time, the gain
or loss is distributed among the partners in the ratio of their
investments.

Suppose A and B invest Rs. x and Rs. y respectively for a year in a

business, then at the end of the year:

(A's share of profit) : (B's share of profit) = x : y.

II. When investments are for different time periods, then equivalent
capitals are calculated for a unit of time by taking (capital x number
of units of time). Now gain or loss is divided in the ratio of these
capitals.

Suppose A invests Rs. x for p months and B invests Rs. y for q months
then,

(A's share of profit) : (B's share of profit)= xp : yq.

Working and Sleeping Partners:

A partner who manages the the business is known as a working partner and
the one who simply invests the money is a sleeping partner.

2
DISCOUNT:

TRUE DISCOUNT:

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

Suppose a man has to pay Rs. 156 after 4 years and the rate of interest is 14% per
annum. Clearly, Rs. 100 at 14% will amount to R. 156 in 4 years. So, the payment
of Rs. now will clear off the debt of Rs. 156 due 4 years hence. We say that:

Sum due = Rs. 156 due 4 years hence;

Present Worth (P.W.) = Rs. 100;

True Discount (T.D.) = Rs. (156 - 100) = Rs. 56 = (Sum due) - (P.W.)

We define: T.D. = Interest on P.W.; Amount = (P.W.) + (T.D.)

Interest is reckoned on P.W. and true discount is reckoned on the amount.

IMPORTANT FORMULAE

100 x Amount 100 x T.D.

1. P.W. = =
100 + (R x T) RxT

(P.W.) x R x T Amount x R x T
2. T.D. = =
100 100 + (R x T)
(S.I.) x (T.D.)
3. Sum =
(S.I.) - (T.D.)

4.(S.I.) - (T.D.) = S.I. on T.D.

5. When the sum is put at compound interest, then P.W.

= Amount/(1+R/100)T

3
 Foot Notes:

R->Rate
T->Time
T.D-> True Discount
P.W->Present worth
S.I-> Simple Interest

BANKER'S DISCOUNT:

Suppose a merchant A buys goods worth, say Rs. 10,000 from another merchant B
at a credit of say 5 months. Then, B prepares a bill, called the bill of exchange. A
signs this bill and allows B to withdraw the amount from his bank account after
exactly 5 months.

The date exactly after 5 months is called nominally due date. Three days (known
as grace days) are added to it get a date, known as legally due date.

Suppose B wants to have the money before the legally due date. Then he can
have the money from the banker or a broker, who deducts S.I. on the face vale
(i.e., Rs. 10,000 in this case) for the period from the date on which the bill was
discounted (i.e., paid by the banker) and the legally due date. This amount is
know as Banker's Discount (B.D.).

Thus, B.D. is the S.I. on the face value for the period from the date on which the
bill was discounted and the legally due date.

Banker's Gain (B.G.) = (B.D.) - (T.D.) for the unexpired time.

Note: When the date of the bill is not given, grace days are not to be added.

IMPORTANT FORMULAE:

1. B.D. = S.I. on bill for unexpired time.

(T.D.)2
2. B.G. = (B.D.) - (T.D.) = S.I. on T.D. =
P.W.

3. T.D.= √P.W. x B.G.

4
 Amount x Rate x Time
4. B.D. =
100

Amount x Rate x Time

5. T.D. =
100 + (Rate x Time)

B.D. x T.D.
6. Amount =
B.D. - T.D.

B.G. x 100
7. T.D. =
Rate x Time

Foot Notes:
B.D -> Banker Discount
T.D-> True Discount
B.G->Banker’s Gain
P.W->Present worth
S.I-> Simple Interest

PROBLEMS
1. If the price of an article is increased by Rs. 2 per dozen than at present,
then the number of things available for Rs. 56 is 8 less than before. The
price per dozen at present is?
a) Rs. 14 b) Rs. 12 c) Rs. 10 d) Rs. 28

Ans: b) 12

2. A shopkeeper sold one – fourth of his goods at a loss of 10%. He sold

the remaining at a higher percent of CP to get 12 ½ % profit on the
whole transaction. The higher percent of CP was?

5
a) 17 ½ % b) 33 ½ % c) 22 ½ % d) 20%
Ans: d) 20%
3. Rs. 675 amount to Rs. 837 in 4 years at simple interest. If the interest
rate is decreased by 2%, then the amount will be?
a) Rs. 729 b) Rs. 753 c) Rs.763 d) Rs. 783
Soln:
S.I. = 837- 675
=Rs.162
Rate% = 162 × 100/4 × 675
=6
If rate % = 4, then
S.I. = 675 × 4 × 4/100 = 108
Therefore Amount = 675 + 108
= 783
Ans: d) Rs. 783

4. By selling five articles per rupee, a man loses 4%. If he would sell four
articles per rupee, then the profit percent is?
a) 22 ½ % b) 20% c) 21 ¼ % d) 25%
Ans: b) 20%

5. The rate of interest on a sum of money is 3% per annum for the first
four years, 5% per annum for the next four years and 6% per annum
for the period beyond 8 years. If the simple interest a accrued for the
sum for a total period of 9 years is Rs. 817, then the sum is?
a) Rs. 2,150 b) Rs. 1,850 c) Rs. 2,400 d) Rs. 1,975
Soln:
Let the sum = Rs. P
P × 3 × 4/100 + P × 5 ×4/100 + P × 6 × 1/100
= 817
38 P = 81700
P = 2150
Ans: a) Rs. 2,150

6
6. A can do a piece of work in 18 days and B in 12 days. They begin
together, but A goes away 2 days before the work is completed. The
time in which the work was finished is?
a) 8 1/3 days b) 5 2/3 days c) 8 days d) 6 2/5
days
Ans: c) 8 days

7. The sum of two numbers is 4000. 10% of one number is 6 2/3% of the
other. The difference of the numbers is?
a) 600 b) 800 c) 1025 d) 1175
Ans: b) 800

8. A man received Rs. 12,000 as Puja Bonus. He invested a part of it at 5%

per annum and the remaining at 6 % per annum, simple interest being
allowed in each case. The total interest earned by him in 4 years is Rs.
2,580. The sum invested at 5% per annum was?
a) Rs. 4,000 b) Rs. 4,500 c) Rs. 7,500 d) Rs. 8,000

Ans: c) Rs. 7,500

9. Rs. 2,430 are distributed among three persons so that if their shares be
diminished by Rs.5, Rs.10 and Rs.15 respectively, then the remainder
shall be in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5. The share of C is?
a) Rs. 1,015 b) Rs. 605 c) Rs. 810 d) Rs. 1,415
Ans: Rs. 1,015

10.A contractor undertakes to execute a certain work by 10 days and

engages 12 men. He finds that half the work is done in 6 days.
Numbers of additional men that be must now employ to fulfil his
contract is?
a) 8 b) 12 c) 4 d) 6
Soln:
Suppose the number of additional men employed = X
12 men do ½ of the work in 6 days
Remaining ½ of the work is to be done in 4 days by (x + 12)
x=6
Ans: d) 6

7
11.2/5 is expressed as a percentage of 2 6/7. The percentage is?
a) 14% b) 15% c) 7% d) 21%
Soln:
2/5 = X% of 2 6/7
X = 200/5 × 7/20
= 14
Ans: 14%

[Link] product of two numbers is 54. The sum of the numbers is greater
than their difference by 12. The ratio of the greater number to that of
the smaller number is?
a) 6 : 1 b) 3 : 2 c) 4 : 3 d) 5 : 4
Soln:
Let the numbers be x and y.
xy = 54
x + y = x – y + 12
y=6
x=9
Required ratio = 9 : 6 = 3 : 2
Ans: b)3:2

13.2/5th of a pole is in mud, 1/3 rd of the remainder is in water and 6m is

above water. The length of the pole is?
a) 20m b) 25m c) 15m d) 10m

Ans: c) 15m

14.A car travels 50 meters in 5 seconds. The rate in kilometers per hour
is?
a) 42 b) 36 c) 30 d) 24
Soln:
50 m/5 sec
1000 m/100 sec
1 km/ 100 sec
36 km/hr

Ans: b) 36

8
[Link] the length of a rectangular plot of land is increased by 12 ½% and the
breadth is decreased by 10%, then its area is?
a) Decreased by 1.25%
b) Decreased by 2.5%
c) Increased by 2.5%
d) Increased by 1.25%

Soln:
Increase in area
= 112.5 × 90 – 100 × 100
= 10125 – 10000
=125
Therefore Increase %
= 125/10000 × 100
= 1.25

Ans: d) Increased by 1.25%

16.3040 is divided into two parts, one of which is 8/11 of the other. The
smaller part is ?
a) 1280 b) 640 c) 1520 d) 1760
Soln:
Let the two parts be x and 3040 – x
x = 8/11(3040 – x)
x= 1280

Ans: a) 1280

[Link] difference of the greatest and the least fractions out of 6/7, 7/8,
8/9 and 9/10 is?
a) 3/70 b) 1/56 c) 1/40 d) 1/72
Soln:
Greatest Fraction – Least Fraction
= 9/10 – 6/7 = 3/70

Ans: a) 3/70

9
[Link] a number, ( 1/3 – 1/4) is added. From the sum so obtained, 1/3 of
1/4 is subtracted and the remainder is (1/3 + 1/4). The number is ?
a) 1/12 b) 7/12 c) 1/3 d) ¼

Ans: b) 7/12

[Link] present ages of the father and the son are together 46 years. 5
years ago, the father was 11 times as old as his son. The age of the son
after 5 years will be?
a) 13 years b) 14 years c) 12 years d) 12 years
Soln:
F + S = 46
(F – 5) = 11(S – 5)
F – 11S = -50
S = 8, F = 38
S + 5 = 13

Ans: a) 13 years

[Link] sum of seven consecutive odd integers is 133. The least odd
integer is?
a) 17 b) 19 c) 11 d) 13
Soln:
n + (n+2) + (n+4) + (n+6) + (n+8) + (n+10) + (n+12) = 133
7n = 91
n =91/7
= 13
Therefore Least odd integer = 13
Ans: d)3/2

[Link] 60, 82 and 126 are each divided by a number, then the remainder is
the same in each case. The greatest possible value of the diviser is?
a) 16 b) 8 c) 22 d) 11
Ans: c) 22

10
[Link] average of 9 integers arranged in a certain order is 32. If the
average of the first four integers is 26 and that of the last four integers
is 28, then the fifth integer is?
a) 76 b) 72 c) 68 d) 58
Soln:
Fifth integer
= 9 × 32 – 4 × 26 – 4 × 28
= 288 – 104 – 112
= 72

Ans: b) 72

[Link] article is sold at a loss of 19%. Had it been sold for Rs. 120 more,
then the profit would have been 21%. The cost price of the article is?
a) Rs. 300 b) Rs. 190 c) Rs. 210 d) Rs. 400

Ans: a) 300

24.A sells a box to B at a profit of 15%. B sells the same to C for Rs. 1,012
and makes a profit of 10%. As a cost price is?
a) Rs. 720 b) Rs. 680 c) Rs. 880 d) Rs. 800
Ans: d) 800

25.7025 is ?
a) 5.25 b) 5.45 c) 5.35 d) 5.05
Ans: b) 5.45

11
 GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
Department Of Employment and Training
Course: RRB
Subject: Quantitative Aptitude

Topic: Profit and loss

Copy right
The Department of Employment and Training has prepared the RRB study
material in the form of e-content for the benefit of Competitive Exam aspirants
and it is being uploaded in this Virtual Learning Portal. This e-content study
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the matter in any form. The trespassers will be prosecuted under the Indian
Copyright Act.

It is a cost – free service provided to the job seekers who are preparing for
the Competitive Exams.

Commissioner,
Department of Employment and Training.
PROFIT AND LOSS:

Cost Price:

The price, at which an article is purchased, is called its cost price, abbreviated as
C.P.

Selling Price:

The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling prices, abbreviated as S.P.

Profit or Gain:

If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have a profit or gain.

Loss:

If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller is said to have incurred a loss.

IMPORTANT FORMULAE

1. Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.)

2. Loss = (C.P.) - (S.P.)
3. Loss or gain is always reckoned on C.P.
4. Gain Percentage: (Gain %)

Gain % =(gain*100)/C.P

5) Loss Percentage: (Loss %)

Loss % =(loss*100)/C.P

6)Selling Price: (S.P.)

S.P = 100+Gain% × .

100
 7) Selling Price: (S.P.)

S.P= 100-Loss% × .

100

8) Cost Price: (C.P.)

C.P = 100 × .

100+Gain%

9) Cost Price: (C.P.)

C.P = 100 × .

100-Loss%

10) If an article is sold at a gain of say 35%, then S.P. = 135% of C.P.

11)If an article is sold at a loss of say, 35% then S.P. = 65% of C.P.

12) If a trader professes to sell his goods at cost price, but uses false weights,
then

Error
Gain % = × 100 %.
(True Value) - (Error)

Foot Notes;

S.P-> Selling Price

C.P->Cost Price
1. Mohan sold an item for 4510/- and incurred a loss of 45%. At what price should
he have sold the item to have gained profit of 45%. ?
A)11280 B)12385 C)25232 D)11890

solution:

for selling price

S. P × ( %/ %)

4510 × ( / )

Here, loss% => 100 – 45 = 55%

Profit% = 100 + 45 = 145%

= 11890

Ans: D)11890

2. In a sale perfumes are available at a discount of 25% on the selling price. If a

perfumes cost 5895/- in the sale, what is the selling price of the perfume ?
A)7860 B)7582 C)7895 D)6853
solution:

Let selling price of perfume = X

According to question X × / = 5895 (discount = 25%)

X = 7860

Ans: A)7860

3. On selling 17 balls at 720/- there is a loss equal to the cost price of 5 balls. Then
find the cost price?
A)58 B)50 C)60 D)82
solution:

C.P – S.P = LOSS

C.P of 17 balls – S.P of 17 balls = C.P of 5 balls

C.P of 12 balls = S.P of 17 balls = 720

Therefore, C.P of 12 balls = 720

One ball = 720/12

= 60

Ans: C)60

[Link] marked price of a Radio set is 480/-. The shopkeeper allows a discount of
10% and gains 8%. If no discount is allowed his gain % would be?
A)15% B)30% C)10% D)20%

solution:

After discount, S.P = 480 × /

= 432

As profit is 8%, then

C.P => 432 = / × .

C.P = 400

So without discount, Profit => 480 – 400

= 80

Profit % =80/400*100

= 20%

[Link] much percent more than C.P should a shopkeeper mark his goods so
that after allowing a discount of 25% on the marked price he gains 20%. ?
A)30% B)20% C)35% D)60%
solution:

Formula = X + Y + /

X – 25 – ∗ / =20

X = 60%

Ans: D)60%

SQUARE ROOT AND CUBE ROOT:

1) If x2 = y, we say that the square root of y is x and we write √y = x.

Thus, √4 = 2, √9 = 3, √196 = 14.

2) The cube root of a given number x is the number whose cube is x. We denote
the cube root of x by ∛x.

Thus, ∛8 = ∛2 x 2 x 2 = 2, ∛343 = ∛7 x 7 x 7 = 7 etc.

3) √xy = √x x √y

AVERAGE:

Sum of observations
Average =
Number of observations

Average Speed:

Suppose a man covers a certain distance at x km/hr and an equal distance at y

km/hr ,then the average speed during the whole journey is:

(2xy/x+y) km/hr
 Problems

[Link] average earning of a mechanic for the first four days of a week is Rs.18
and for the last four days is Rs.22. If he earns Rs.20 on the fourth day, find his
average earning for the whole week?

A)18 B)19 C)20 D)21

solution:

There is a overlap of 1 day

Average for whole week = 4 × 18 + 4 × 22 – 2/7

= Rs. 20

Ans: C)20

[Link] of ticket per person for a show for the first day is 15/-, for the second day
is 7. 50/- and for the third it is 2. 50/-. Ratio of persons buying the tickets on the
three days is 2: 5: 13. Find the average cost of ticket per person?

A)5 B)8 C)6 D)4

solution:

Let no. of persons buying the tickets on the three days are 2X, 5X and 13X

respectively

No. of total tickets bought => 2X + 5X + 13X = 20X

According to question

= 15 × 2X + 7.5 × 5X + 2.5X × 13X

= 100X

Therefore, average cost of ticket per person

= 100X/ 20X

=5

Ans: A)5

[Link] a class, there are 75 questions and their average marks in the annual

examination are 35. If the average marks of passed students is 55 an average

marks of failed students is 30, then find out the no. of students who failed ?

A)55 B)56 C)59 D)60

solution:

No. of students who failed = X

No. of students who passed = 75 – X

According to question

75 × 35 = 30 × X + 55 × (75- X)

X = 60

Ans: D)60

4.A hotel incurs two types of expenses, one which is fixed and others depend
upon no. of guests. When there are 10 guests, total expenses of hotel are 6,
000/-. Also when there are 25 guests average expenses per guests are 360/-.
What is the total expenses of hotel when there are 40 guests ?

A)24000 B)12000 C)25000 D)50000

solution:
Let fixed charge = X

Other charges = Y

According to question

X + 10 × Y = 6, 000 .............. (1)

X + 25 × Y = 360 × 25 ........... (2)

From equations 1 & 2

X = 4, 000 Y = 200

Therefore, expenses of 40 guests => 4, 000 + 40× 200

= 12, 000

Ans: B)12000

[Link] average age of 30 boys in a class is 15 years. One boy aged 20 years,left
the class, but two new boys came in has place whose ages differ by 5 [Link]
the average age of all boys now in class becomes 15 years, the age of the
younger new comer is ?

A)12years C)20years C)15years D)40years

solution:

Total age of 30 boys = 30 × 15 = 450 years

One boy, aged 20 years left the class

Now total age of 29 boys => 450 – 20 = 430 years

Again, two new boys join the class

Then the total age of 31 boys => 31 × 15 = 465 years

Therefore, age of two new boys => 465 – 430 = 35 years

Let the individual ages of two boys X & Y

X + Y = 35 .................. (1)

X – Y = 5 .................. (2) (Given)

From equations 1 & 2

X = 20, Y = 15

Therefore, age of the younger new comer

= 15 years

Ans: C)15years

[Link] finding the average of 9- consecutive numbers starting from ‘X’, a

student interchange the digits of second number by mistake and got the

average which is 8 more than the actual. What is X ?

A)18 B)12 C)16 D)14

solution:

Since the average is 8 more than the actual, the second number will increase by

72 (9 × 8) by interchanging the digits.

If ab is the second number

Then, (10 × a + b) + 72 = 10 × b + a

We get, b – a = 8

The possible number ab is = 19

Since the second number is = 19

The first number is = 18

Therefore, X = 18

7.A librarian purchased 50 story books for his library. But he saw that he

could get 14 more books by spending 76 more and the average price per book

would be reduced by 1/-. The average price of each book he bought

was?

A)8 B)9 C)10 D)11

solution:

Let average = X

64(X- 1) – 50 × X = 76

X = 10

Ans: C)10

8.A batsman in his 12th innings makes a score of 63 runs and thereby

increases his average score by 2. The average of his score after 12th innings

is?

A)38 B)45 C)42 D)41

solution:

Average of the batsman up to 11th innings

63 – 12 × 2 = 39

Required average = 39 + 2

= 41

Ans: D)41
9.A man whose bowling average is 12.4 takes 5 wickets for 26 runs and

thereby decreases his average by 0.4. The no. of wickets taken by him before

his last match is?

A)88 B)85 C)82 D)86

solution:

Bowling average = Total runs given

Total wickets taken

No. of wickets taken before last match = X

12.4×X+26/X+5= 12

X = 85

Ans: B)85

10. The average of 10 numbers is 7. What will be the new average if each of

the numbers is multiplied by 8 ?

A)55 B)56 C)57 D)59

solution:

Total of 10 numbers = 10 × 7 = 70

New total of 10 numbers after each given number is multiplied by 8 => 70 × 8 =

560

Therefore, new average = 560/10

= 56

Ans: B)56
[Link] are 35 students in a hostel. If the no. of students increased by 7,

the expenses of mess were increased by 42/- per day while the average

expenditure per head diminished by 1/-. Find the original expenditure of the

mess?

A)360 B)420 C)480 D)540

SOLUTION:

Original expenditure = X

X + 42/42 –X/35 = 1

X = 420/-

Ans: B)420
 GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
Department Of Employment and Training
Course: RRB
Subject: Quantitative Aptitude

Topic: Ratio and proportion

Copy right
The Department of Employment and Training has prepared the RRB study
material in the form of e-content for the benefit of Competitive Exam aspirants
and it is being uploaded in this Virtual Learning Portal. This e-content study
material is the sole property of the Department of Employment and Training. No
one (either or individual or an institution) is allowed to make copy or reproduce
the matter in any form. The trespassers will be prosecuted under the Indian
Copyright Act.

It is a cost – free service provided to the job seekers who are preparing for
the Competitive Exams.

Commissioner,
Department of Employment and Training.
RATIO AND PROPORTION

The ratio of two quantities a and b in the same units, is the fraction a/b and
we write it as a : b.

In the ratio a : b, we call a as the first term or antecedent and b, the second term
or consequent.

Eg. The ratio 5 : 9 represents 5/9 with antecedent = 5, consequent = 9.

Rule: The multiplication or division of each term of a ratio by the same non-zero
number does not affect the ratio.

Eg. 4 : 5 = 8 : 10 = 12 : 15. Also, 4 : 6 = 2 : 3.

Proportion:

The equality of two ratios is called proportion.

If a : b = c : d, we write a : b :: c : d and we say that a, b, c, d are in proportion.

Here a and d are called extremes, while b and c are called mean terms.

Product of means = Product of extremes.

Thus [Link] <=>(b*c)=(a*d).

Fourth Proportional:

If a : b = c : d, then d is called the fourth proportional to a, b, c.

Third Proportional:

a : b = c : d, then c is called the third proportion to a and b.

Mean Proportional:

Mean proportional between a and b is √ .

Comparison of Ratios:
We say that (a:b)>(c:d) <=> a/b > c/d

Compounded Ratio:

The compounded ratio of the ratios: (a : b), (c : d), (e : f) is (ace : bdf)

Duplicate Ratios:

Duplicate ratio of (a : b) is (a2 : b2).

Sub-duplicate ratio of (a : b) is (√ :√ ).

Triplicate ratio of (a : b) is (a3 : b3).

Sub-triplicate ratio of (a : b) is (a1/3: b1/3).

if a/b = c/d,then (a+b/a-b) =(c+d/c-d) [componendo and dividendo].

Variations:

We say that x is directly proportional to y, if x = ky for some constant k and we

write, x ∝y.

We say that x is inversely proportional to y, if xy = k for some constant k and

we write, x ∝ 1

.
y
PROBLEMS

1. If A : B = 3 : 5 and B : C = 4 : 7 then A : B : C is ?
A)[Link] B)[Link] C)[Link] D)[Link]
SOLUTION:
Given that, A : B = 3 : 5 ............... (1)
B : C = 4 : 7 ................ (2)
A : B : C =?
From equations (1) & (2) ‘B’ is common, so equalize the B with suitable number
(1) × 4 and (2) × 5, we get
12 : 20 : 20 : 35
∴ A : B: C = 12 : 20 : 35
Ans: A)[Link]

[Link] A : B = 1 : 2, B : C = 3 : 4 and C : D = 2 : 3 then, A : B : C : D is ?

A)[Link] B)[Link] C)[Link] D)[Link]
solution:
Given that, A : B = 1 : 2 ........... (1)
B : C = 3 : 4 ........... (2)
[Link]=?
From equations (1) & (2) ‘B’ is common, so equalize the B with suitable
number
(1) × 3 and (2) ×2 , we get
=[Link]
A : B : C = 3 : 6 : 8 ................. (3)
C : D = 2 : 3 ...................... (4)
From equations (3) & (4) ‘C’ is common, so equalize the C with suitable
number
(3) ×1 and (2) ×4 , we get
= 3 : 6 : 8 : 8 : 12
∴ A : B : C : D = 3 : 6 : 8 : 12

Ans: A)[Link]

3.A bag contains 10-paisa and 25-paisa coins in the ratio 17 : 6. If the total
money in the bag is Rs. 112, then find the number of 10-paisa coins.
A)590 B)595 C)290 D)295
solution:
Amount = [Link] coins × coin denomination
Denominations 10 paisa 25 paisa
Coins 17 : 6
Amounts 17 × 10 : 25 × 6
170 : 150
17 : 15
Total amount in the bag = 32x (17 + 15)
32X = Rs. 112 (given)
X = Rs. 3.5
10 paisa coins amount = 17x = Rs. 59.5
∴ No. of 10 paisa coins = 595

Ans: B)595
4. A bag contains Rs. 90 in coins of denominations of 50 paisa, 25 paisa and
10 paisa. If coins of 50 paisa, 25 paisa and 10 paisa are in the ratio of 2 : 3 :
5,then the number of 25 paisa coins in the bag is
A)110 COINS B)120COINS C)150COINS D)140COINS
solution:
Amount = [Link] coins × coin denomination

Denominations 50 Paisa 25 Paisa 10 Paisa

Coins 2 : 3 : 5
Amount 50 ×2 : 25 × 3 : 10 × 5
100 : 75 : 50
4 : 3 :2
Total amount = 9x (4 +3 + 2)
9x = Rs. 90 (given)
x = Rs. 10
25 paisa coins amount = 3 x = Rs. 30
∴ No. of 25 paisa coins = 30 × 4
=120 coins

Ans: B)120 coins

5. Two vessels A and B of equal capacities contain mixtures of milk and

water in the ratio of 4 : 1 and 3 : 1 respectively. 25% of the mixture from A
is taken out and added to B. After mixing it thoroughly, 20% of the mixture
is taken out from B and added back to A. The ratio of milk to water in
vessel A after the second operation is ?
A)79:21 B)21:79 C)50:40 D)21:41

solution:
Assume there is 20 liters of the mixture in both the vessels
In vessel A, milk = 16 liters and water = 4 liters
25% from A to B; milk in B = 15 + 4 = 19 liters
Water in B = 5 + 1 = 6 liters
Ratio 19 : 6
Now 20% of amount from vessel B is added back to A
Milk in A = 12 + 19/5 =79/5 liters
Water in A = 3 + 6/5 =29/5 liters
Hence the ratio is 79 : 21
 Ans: A)79:21

[Link] alloy contains copper, zinc& nickel in the ratio of 5: 3: 2. The

quantity of nickel in kg that must be added to 100 kg of this alloy to have
the new ratio 5: 2: 3?
A)15Kg B)10Kg C)8Kg D)21Kg
SOLUTION:
Let copper: zinc: nickel = 5X: 3X: 2X
5X + 3X + 2X = 100
X = 10
Nickel, 2X = 2 × 10 =20 kg
And, 5X + 2X + 3X = 100
X = 10
Nickel, 3X = 3 × 10 = 30 kg
Required answer => 30 -20 = 10 kg

Ans: B)10Kg

7. A & B earn in the ratio 2: 1. They spend in the ratio 5: 3 and save in the ratio
4: 1. If the total monthly savings of both A & B are 5000/-, the monthly
income of B is ?
A)2000 B)7000 C)5000 D)1500
solution:
Let the incomes of A & B be 2X & X respectively and their expenditures 5Y &
3Y
respectively
A’s savings = 4/5 × 5000 = 4000/-
B’s savings = 1/5 × 5000 = 1000/-
Therefore, 2X – 5Y = 4000 ............... (1)
X – 3Y = 1000 .................. (2)
From equations 1 & 2
X = 7000/-

Ans: B)7000

8. An employer reduces the no. of his employees in the ratio 9: 8 and

increases their wages in the ratio 14: 15. If the original wage bill was 18900/-,
find the ratio in which the wage bill id decreased ?
 A)21:20 B)20:21 C)41:40 D)20:40
solution:
Required ratio => 9 × 14 : 8 × 15
= 21: 20

Ans: A)21:20

9. The ratio of the numbers of boys and girls in a school was 5: 3, some new
boys & girls were admitted to the school, in the ratio 5: 7. At this, the total
no. of students in the school becomes 1200, and the ratio of boys to girls
changed to 7: 5. The no. of students in the school before new admissions
was?
A)960 B)860 C)840 D)920
solution:
Let the original no. of boys & girls be 5X & 3X
respectively and that of new boys & girls be 5Y & 7Y
respectively
Therefore, 5X + 3X + 5Y +7Y = 1200
2X + 3Y = 300 .................. (1)
And
5x + 5y/3x + 7y =7/5
X= 6Y ..................... (2)
From equations 1 & 2
X = 120
Therefore, original no. of students, 8X = 8 × 120
= 960

Ans: A)960

[Link] ratio of water & spirit in the mixture is 1: 3. If the volume of the solution
is increased by 25% by adding spirit only, what is the resultant ratio of water
and spirit ?

A)2:4 B)1:2 C)1:4 D)1:3

solution:

The ratio of water & spirit = 1: 3

 Let the volume of mixture = 100L

Therefore, water = 25L & spirit = 75L

Now adding spirit so that volume increases from

100L to 125L (20% increase given)

Now, new ratio would be 25L: 75L + 25L

= 1: 4

Ans: C)1:4

11. In an alloy, the ratio of copper & zinc is 5: 2. If 1.250 kg of zinc is mixed in 17
kg 500 grams of alloy, then the ratio of copper & zinc will be?

A)2:4 B)1:2 C)2:1 D)1:3

solution:

In 17 kg 500 grams of alloy

Copper: 17500 =5/7 = 12500 grams

Zinc: 17500 ×2/7 = 5000 grams

Now, when 1.250 kg (1250 grams) of zinc is mixed

with 17 kg 500 grams of alloy

Then in the new mixed, amount of zinc

= 5000 + 1250 = 6250 grams

So, new ratio of copper & zinc = 12500: 6250

= 2: 1

Ans: C)2:1
 GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
Department Of Employment and Training
Course: RRB
Subject: Quantitative Aptitude

Topic: Simple interest and compound interest

Copy right
The Department of Employment and Training has prepared the RRB study
material in the form of e-content for the benefit of Competitive Exam aspirants
and it is being uploaded in this Virtual Learning Portal. This e-content study
material is the sole property of the Department of Employment and Training. No
one (either or individual or an institution) is allowed to make copy or reproduce
the matter in any form. The trespassers will be prosecuted under the Indian
Copyright Act.

It is a cost – free service provided to the job seekers who are preparing for
the Competitive Exams.

Commissioner,
Department of Employment and Training.
SIMPLE INTEREST AND COMPOUND INTEREST:

Principal:

The money borrowed or lent out for a certain period is called the principal or the
sum.

Interest:

Extra money paid for using other's money is called interest.

Simple Interest (S.I.):

If the interest on a sum borrowed for certain period is reckoned uniformly, then it
is called simple interest.

Let Principal = P, Rate = R% per annum (p.a.) and Time = N years. Then

(i).S.I= (P*N*R)/100.

(ii) P=(100*S.I)/N*R

(iii) R=(100*S.I)/N*P

(iv)N=(100*S.I)/R*P

PROBLEMS

1. Mr.A borrowed Rs.12000/- at the rate of 10% and lent the same amount to
Mr.B. at the rate of 13% what will be gain of A, after 5 years. Ans 1800?
A)1800 B)1200 C)1400 D)2400
S.I = PNR/100
P – Principal amount, N- Number of years, R – Rate of Interest
Answer with Explanation:
Given P = 12000, N = 5 years,
(i) R = 10%, (ii) R = 13%
Case (i)
S.I = PNR/100
=12000X 5X10/100
= Rs. 6000/-
 Case (ii):
S.I = PNR/100
= 12000X 5X13/100
= Rs. 7800/-
Difference = Rs. 7800 – Rs. 6000
ANS= Rs. 1800

2. In what time, we can get Rs.1200/- as SI on Rs.5000/- at the rate of 8%?

A)2 B)3 C)4 D)1
Solutions:
S.I = PNR/100
P – Principal amount, N- Number of years, R – Rate of Interest
Time = Number of years (N)
S.I. = Rs. 1200/-
P = Rs. 5000/-
R = 8%
To find time (Number of years (N) )
1200 = 5000XNX8/100
1200 = 400 N
N = 1200/400
N=3
Therefore N = 3 years(ANS)

Therefore Gain = Rs. 1800/-

3. [Link] got a loan at 11% p.a. SI after 5 years he returned the principal along
with interest. If he returns in all RS.12400/- what is the principal amount
A)4000 B)8000 C)2000 D)8500

Solutions:
S.I = PNR/100
R = 11%, N = 5 years, S.I + P = Rs.12400/-
S.I + P = PNR/100 + P
12400 = PX 5X11/100 + P
12400 = 55P/100 +P
12400 = P {55/100 +1}
= P 155/100
P = 12400 X 100/155
P = Rs. 8000

Ans: B)8000

4. If Rs.700/- amount to Rs.16800/- in 5 years SI. If the rate of interest is

increased by 5%. It would amount to how much?
A)10120 B)10110 C)16975 D)10000
Solutions:

Given rate of interest is increased, so we add the given amount and the calculated
amount
P = Rs. 700, N= 5 years, Increased rate of interest R = 5%
Short cut method:
First we are calculating it for 100 rupees
100 : 5 X 5 = 25 (NXR)
700 : 25 X 7 = 175
Given amount + S,I = Rs. 16800 + 175 = 16975

Therefore the amount = Rs. 16975/-

5. If Rs.12000/- amount to Rs.16800/- in 5 years If the rate of interest is

increased by 2%. What would be the amount?
A)12000 B)10000 C)20000 D)18,000
Solutions:

Given rate of interest is increased, so we add the given amount and the
calculated
amount
P = Rs. 12000, N= 5 years, Increased rate of interest R = 2%
Short cut method:
First we are calculating it for 100 rupees
100 : 5 X 2 = 10 (NXR)
for 100 rupees the interest is Rs. 10
100 = 10
1000 = 1000.
10000 = 1000
2000 = 200
There for 12000 = 1000 + 200 = 1200
Given amount + S,I = Rs. 16800 + 1200 = 18000

Therefore the amount = Rs. 18000/-

COMPOUND INTEREST:

Let Principal = P, Rate = R% per annum, Time = n years.

When interest is compound Annually:

Amount = P(1 +R/100)n

When interest is compounded Half-yearly:

Amount = P(1 +(R/2)/100)2n

When interest is compounded Quarterly:

Amount = P(1 +(R/4)/100)4n

When interest in compounded annually but time is in fraction,say 3 2/5 years

Amount= P (1+R/100)3 × (1+((2/5)R)/100)

When Rates are different for different years, say R1%, R2%, R3% for 1st, 2nd and

3rd year respectively,Then

Amount = P (1+R1/100)(1+R2/100)(1+R3/100)

Present worth of Rs. x due n years hence is given by:

Present Worth= X/(1+R/100)

 Problems

[Link] 15, 494/- A and B so that A’s share at the end of 9 – years may be
equals to B’s share at the end of 11 – years, Compound Interest being 20%
per annum. Then A’s share is ?
A)9122 B)8134 C)9144 D)9134
SOLUTION:
Let A’s share = x & B’s share = 15, 494 – x
According to question
× (1+ 20/100)9=(15,494− ) × (1+ 20/100)11 X
ANS= 9, 144

2. A man borrows 3, 000/- at 10% compound interest per annum. At the end of
each year he pays back 1, 000/-. How much amount he pay at the end of 3rd
year to clear all his dues?
A)1250 B)1683 C)1500 D)2450
SOLUTION:
Amount due at the end of 1st year = (3000 × 110/100)− 1000
= 2, 300
Amount due at the end of the 2nd year = (2300 × 110/100)− 1000
= 1, 350
Amount due at the end of the 3rd year = 1530 × 110/100
ANS= 1683

3. The S.I and C.I on a sum of money for are 8, 400/- and 8652/- respectively.
The rate of interest per annum is ?
A)5% B)2% C)8% D)6%
SOLUTION:
for 2- years S.I/C.I= 200 × R/200+R
8400/8652= 200 × R/200+R
ANS R = 6%

4. A person has 5, 000/-. He invests a part of it at 3% per annum and the

remainder at 8% per annum S.I. His total income I 3- years is 750/-. Find
the sum invested at different rate of interest.?
A)2000 B)3000 C)1500 D)4000
SOLUTION:
Average rate of interest => S.I = /
750 = × × / R = 5%
By using Allegations and mixture method

Required ratio = 3: 2
Investment at 3% per annum
=(3/3+2)× 5000 = 3, 000
Investment at 8% per annum = (2/3+2) × 5000
ANS = 2, 000

ALLEGATION AND MIXTURE:

Alligation:

It is the rule that enables us to find the ratio in which two or more ingredients at
the given price must be mixed to produce a mixture of desired price.

Mean Price:

The cost of a unit quantity of the mixture is called the mean price.

Rule of Alligation:

If two ingredients are mixed, then

Quantity of cheaper = C.P of dearer –Mean price

Quantity of dearer Mean price – C.P of cheaper

C.P of a unit quantity C.P of unit quantity

Of cheaper (c) of dearer (d)

Mean price(m)

(d-m) (m-c)

(Cheaper quantity) : (Dearer quantity) = (d - m) : (m - c).

Suppose a container contains x of liquid from which y units are taken out and
replaced by water.

After n operations ,the quantity of a pure liquid is = x(1 –(y/x))n units.

1. A vessel is filled with liquid, 3 parts of which are water and 5 parts syrup. How
much of the mixture must be drawn off and replaced with water so that the
mixture may be half water and half syrup?
A)2/5 B)1/5 C)1/4 D)1/2
Solutions:

Suppose the vessel initially contains 8 litres of liquid.

Let x litres of this liquid be replaced with water.
Quantity of water in new mixture = 3 -3x/8 + x litres
Quantity of syrup in new mixture = 5 -5x /8 litres

3 -3x/8 + x litres =5 -5x /8 litres

5x + 24 = 40 - 5x
10x = 16
x=
8/5
So, part of the mixture replaced =8/5x1/8
ANS=1/5

[Link] worth Rs. 126 per kg and Rs. 135 per kg are mixed with a third variety in
the ratio 1 : 1 : 2. If the mixture is worth Rs. 153 per kg, the price of the third
variety per kg will be?
A. Rs. 169.50 B. Rs. 170 C. Rs. 175.50 D. Rs. 180

Solutions:

Since first and second varieties are mixed in equal proportions.

So, their average price = Rs.
(126 + 135)/2 = Rs. 130.50
So, the mixture is formed by mixing two varieties, one at Rs. 130.50 per kg and
the other at say, Rs. x per kg in the ratio 2 : 2, i.e., 1 : 1. We have to find x.
By the rule of alligation, we have:

Cost of 1 kg of 1st kind Cost of 1 kg tea of 2nd kind

Rs. 130.50 Mean Price Rs. X 22.50

Rs. 153

(x - 153) 22.50
(x - 153)/22.50 = 1

x - 153 = 22.50
x = 175.50
Ans: C. Rs. 175.50

3. A milk vendor has 2 cans of milk. The first contains 25% water and the rest
milk. The second contains 50% water. How much milk should he mix from
each of the containers so as to get 12 litres of milk such that the ratio of
water to milk is 3 : 5?
A. 4 litres, 8 litres B. 6 litres, 6 litres C. 5 litres, 7 litres D. 7 litres, 5 litres

Solutions:

Let the cost of 1 litre milk be Re. 1

Milk in 1 litre mix. in 1st can = 3/4 litre
C.P. of 1 litre mix. in 1st can Re. 3/4
Milk in 1 litre mix. in 2nd can =1/2 litre
C.P. of 1 litre mix. in 2nd can Re.1/2
Milk in 1 litre of final mix. =5/8 litre
 Mean price = Re.5/8

C.P. of 1 litre mixture in 1st can C.P. of 1 litre mixture in 2nd can
¾ 1/2
Mean Price
5/8
1/8 1/8

Ratio of two mixtures =1/8:1/8 =1:1

So, quantity of mixture taken from each can = 1/2x 12 = 6 litres.

4. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of pulses costing Rs. 15 and Rs.
20 per kg? respectively so as to get a mixture worth Rs. 16.50 kg?
A) 3 : 7 B) 5 : 7 C) 7 : 3 D) 7 : 5
By the rule of alligation:

Cost of 1 kg pulses of 1st kind Cost of 1 kg pulses of 2nd kind

Rs. 15 Rs. 20

Mean Price
Rs. 16.50
3.50 1.50
Required rate = 3.50 : 1.50 = 7 : 3.

5. A dishonest milkman professes to sell his milk at cost price but he mixes it
with water and thereby gains 25%. The percentage of water in the mixture is?
A) 4% B. 6 % C. 20% D. 25%
Solutions:

Let C.P. of 1 litre milk be Re. 1

Then, S.P. of 1 litre of mixture = Re. 1, Gain = 25%.
C.P. of 1 litre mixture = Re.(100/125)*1 = 4/5
By the rule of allegation
C.P. of 1 litre of milk C.P. of 1 litre of water
1 0
1 Mean Price
4/5
4/5 1/5

Ratio of milk to water =4/5 :1/5 = 4:1

Hence, percentage of water in the mixture =(1/5)*100 -20%
 GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
Department Of Employment and Training
Course: RRB
Subject: Quantitative Aptitude

Topic: Time and distance

Copy right
The Department of Employment and Training has prepared the RRB study
material in the form of e-content for the benefit of Competitive Exam aspirants
and it is being uploaded in this Virtual Learning Portal. This e-content study
material is the sole property of the Department of Employment and Training. No
one (either or individual or an institution) is allowed to make copy or reproduce
the matter in any form. The trespassers will be prosecuted under the Indian
Copyright Act.

It is a cost – free service provided to the job seekers who are preparing for
the Competitive Exams.

Commissioner,
Department of Employment and Training.
TIME AND DISTANCE:

Speed= distance / time

Time =distance / speed

Distance = speed * time

km/hr to m/sec conversion:

x km/hr = (x* 5/18 ) m/sec.

m/sec to km/hr conversion:

x m/sec = (x* 18/5 ) km/hr.

If the ratio of the speeds of A and B is a : b, then the ratio of the times taken by
then to cover the same distance is

1/a : 1/b or b:a

Problems:

[Link] drove at the speed of 45kmph from home to resort. Returning over

the same route he got stuck in traffic and took an hours longer. Also he could

drive only at the speed of 40 kmph. How many kilometers did he drive each

way ?

A)320km B)360km c)120km D)150km

solution:

Let distance = D

According to question

D/45 –D/40 = 1
 D = 360 km

Ans: B)360km

2. A 320 meter long train moving an average speed of 120 kmph crosses a

platform in 24 seconds. A man crosses the platform in 4 minutes. What is the

speed of the man in m/s?

A)240m B)480m C)220m D)120m

solution:

Platform length = X- meters

According to question

320 + X = 24 × 120 × 5/18

X = 480 meters

Therefore, man’s speed = 480/4∗60 = 2m/s

Ans: 2 m/s

3. A driver was supposed to drive at a uniform speed to cover a distance of

180 km, he was 54 minutes late. To cover this lost time he had to increase the

speed by 10 kmph, what is the original speed?

A)40kmph B)80kmph C)28kmph D)45kmph

solution:

Let original speed = X- kmph

According to question

180/X−180/X + 10 =54/60

X = 40 kmph

Ans: A)40kmph

4.A car covers a certain distance taking 7 hours in forward journey. During

the return journey speed was increased by 12 kmph and it takes 5 hours.

What is the total distance?

A)110km B)210km C)150km D)240km

SOLUTION:

Let the speed = X- kmph

According to question

7 × X = 5(X + 12)

X = 30 kmph

Therefore, Distance => 7X = 7 × 30= 210 km

Ans: d) 210 km

[Link] trains of equal length running in opposite directions, pass a pole in

18 & 12 seconds. The train will cross each other in?

A)14.4s B)1.44s C)14.42s D)14.25s

solution:

Train length = X- meters

1st train speed = X/18 m/s

2nd train speed = X/12 m/s

Relative speed => X/18 + X/12 = 5X/36 m/s

Total distance => X + X = 2X meters

Therefore, Time = Distance/Speed

=2X/(5x/36)

= 14.4 seconds

Ans: A)14.4s

6. A train moving at a rate of 36 kmph crosses a standing man in 10 seconds.

It will cross a platform 55 meters long in?

A)15.1s B)1.55s C)15.5s D)12.35s

solution:

Speed => 36 × 5/18 = 10 m/s

Distance of train => 10 × 10 = 100 meters

Total distance => 100 + 55 = 155 meters

Time = 155/10

= 15.5 seconds

Ans: C)15.5s
7. A person travels 285 km in 6 hours. In the first part of the journey he

travels at 40 kmph by bus. In the second part, he travels at 55 kmph by train.

The distance travelled by train is?

A)164km B)162km C)165 km D)204km

SOLUTION:

Train distance = X, Bus distance = 285 – X

According to question

X/55 + 285 – X/40 = 6

X = 165 km

Ans: C)165 km

8. A train overtakes two persons who are walking in the same directions in

which the train is running at the rate of 2 kmph and 4 kmph and passes them

completely in 9 seconds and 10 seconds respectively. The length of the train

is?

A)20m B)30m C)21m D)50m

SOLUTION:

Let train speed = S, Distance = D

According to question

D/S – 2 =9/3600

And, D/S−4 =10/3600

From above equations, we get d=50 meters

 Ans: D = 50 meters

9. Ramana started a journey at 1 pm at 30 kmph. Karthik started from thsame spot

and in the same direction at 1.40 pm at 40 kmph. Kartikovertook Ramana in

A)3h B)4h C)2h D)5h

SOLUTION:

Since Kartik starts 40 minutes after Ramana

Distance covered by Ramana in 40 minutes

=> 30× 40/60 = 20 km

Relative speed => 40- 30 = 10 kmph

Therefore, time = 20/10

= 2 hours

Ans: C)2h

10. A car starts from A for B travelling 20 kmph. 1 1⁄2 hours later another car starts
from A & travelling at the rate of 30 kmph reaches B, 2 1⁄2 hour before the first car.
Find the distance from A to B?

A)120km B)150km C)160km D)240k

SOLUTION:

Distance = D

According to question

D/20 –D/30 =3/2 +5/2

D = 240 km

Ans: D)240km
 GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
Department Of Employment and Training
Course: RRB
Subject: Quantitative Aptitude

Topic: Time and work

Copy right
The Department of Employment and Training has prepared the RRB study
material in the form of e-content for the benefit of Competitive Exam aspirants
and it is being uploaded in this Virtual Learning Portal. This e-content study
material is the sole property of the Department of Employment and Training. No
one (either or individual or an institution) is allowed to make copy or reproduce
the matter in any form. The trespassers will be prosecuted under the Indian
Copyright Act.

It is a cost – free service provided to the job seekers who are preparing for
the Competitive Exams.

Commissioner,
Department of Employment and Training.
TIME AND WORK:

Work from Days:

If A can do a piece of work in n days, then A's 1 day's work = .1/n

Days from Work:

1
If A's 1 day's work = ,then A can finish the work in n days.
n

Ratio:

If A is thrice as good a workman as B, then:

Ratio of work done by A and B = 3 : 1.

Ratio of times taken by A and B to finish a work = 1 : 3

Problems

1. A is thrice as efficient as B and therefore able to complete the work in 40-

days less than B. In what time B alone can complete the work?

A)55 B)62 C)58 D)60

solution:

A is thrice efficient means, B takes three times than A.

If A completes in X- days, B = 3X- days

According to question

3X- X = 40
 X = 20- days

Therefore, B = 3X = 3× 20

= 60- days

Ans: D)60

2. A, B & C can do a piece of work in 30- days, 24- days and 40- days
respectively. They started working together but C left four days before the
completion of work. In how many days was the work finished?

A)5 B)6 C)11 D)20

solution:

A = 30- days

B = 24- days

C = 40- days

Let the work finished in X- days.

According to question

X/30+ X/24+ X−4/40=1

X = 11- days

Ans: C)11

3. ‘X’ no. of men can finish a piece of work in 30- days. If there were 6- men
more could be finished in 10- days less. The original no. of men is

A)12 B)15 C)8 D)16

solution:

If ‘X’ men finish a work in 30- days

X + 6 men finish work in 20- days

Here, X- is original no. of men

M1D1 = M2D2

Here, M1 = X

D1 = 30- days

M2 = X+ 6

D2 = 20- days

X × 30 = (X+ 6) × 20

X = 12

12- men finish work in 30- days

Ans: A)12

4. A & B together can complete a work in 3- days. They started together, but
after 2- days B is left the work. If the work is completed after 2 more days. B
alone could do the work in?

A)6 B)5 C)8 D)7

SOLUTION:

A + B = 3- days

A + B in one day = /

After 2- days => 2 × /

= /
 Remaining work => 1- / =

A complete remaining work in 2- days

So, / ∗ /

A= /

Therefore, B alone => / − /

= /

B= 6- days

Ans: A)6

5. 2- men and 3- boys can do a piece of work in 10- days which 3- men and 2-
boys can do the same work in 8- days. In how many days can 2- men and one
boy do the work?

A)12 ½ B)15 ½ C)11 1/9 D)15 1/4

solution:
Given that

2M+ 3B one day work = /

20M + 30B = 1 ………………… (1)

3M + 2B one day work = /

24M + 16B = 1 ………………. (2)

From equations 1 and 2

2M = 7B

2M + 3B => 7B + 3B
 = 10B

AND

2M + 1B => 7B + 1B

= 8B

M1D1 = M2D2

M1 = 10B, D1 = 10- days

M2 = 8B, D2 =?

10B × 10 = 8B × D2

D2 = 12 / days

Ans: A)12 ½
 GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
Department Of Employment and Training
Course: RRB
Subject: Quantitative Aptitude
Topic: Trigonometry
Copy right
The Department of Employment and Training has
prepared the RRB study material in the form of e-content
for the benefit of Competitive Exam aspirants and it is
being uploaded in this Virtual Learning Portal. This e-
content study material is the sole property of the
Department of Employment and Training. No one (either
or individual or an institution) is allowed to make copy or
reproduce the matter in any form. The trespassers will be
prosecuted under the Indian Copyright Act.

It is a cost – free service provided to the job seekers

who are preparing for the Competitive Exams.

Commissioner,
Department of Employment and Training.

1
 TRIGONOMETRY

Trigonometery , the branch of mathematics concerned with

specific functions of angles and their application to calculations.

There are six functions of an angle commonly used in trigonometry.

Their names and abbreviations are sine(sin), cosine(cos), tangent(tan),
cotangent(cot), secant(sec), and cosecant(csc).

In the following table

o a is the length of the side adjacent to the angle (x) in question.

o o is the length of the side opposite the angle.
o h is the length of the hypotenuse.

Radian 0 30 45 60 90
degree
Sin 0 ½ 1/√2 √3/2 1

2
Cos 1 √3/2 1/√2 ½ 0

Tan 0 1/√3 1 √3 ∞

Cot ∞ √3 1 1/√3 0

Sec 1 2/√3 √2 2 ∞

C ∞ 2 √2 2/√3 1

PHYTHOGORAS THEORAM:

In a right- angled triangle the square of the hypotenuse is sum of

the squares of the base and the perpendicular.

h2 = p2 + b2

B C

Trigonometric Rations

The ratios of the sides of a right –angled triangle with respect to its
angles are called trigonometric ratios. Given any acute angle (say angle YAX) in
the fig, we can take a point P on AY and drop perpendicular PB AX.

Then, we have a right-angled PAB in which angle PAB= . Then, the

ratio PB/AP is called the sine of angle and in short form, it is written as sin .

3
 P Y

A B X

Trigonometric Ratios of Certain Angles:

We have defined sin , cos , etc, for any acute angle but we have
not yet found the values of sin cos etc. for even one specific angle . We can
use our knowledge of geometry to find the values of the trigonometric ratios of
some angles. For other angles, we have to make use of ready – made tables.

Angles of Elevation and Depression

Suppose we wish to determine the height of a tall tree without

climbing to the top of it. We could stand on the ground at a point some
distance(say 20m) from the foot B of the tree.

Suppose we are able to measure angle BAC and suppose we find it

to be 30°. Then, just as in example, we can calculate the height BC of the tree to
be BC = 20/√3 = 11.5m

c object

Line fo sight

B Horizontal Line A

Suppose we are viewing an object. The Line of sight or the line of

vision is a straight line from our eye to the object we are viewing.

If the object is above the horizontal from the eye(i.e. if it is at a

higher level than our eyes), we have to lift up our head to view the object. In the

4
process, our eyes move through an angle. This angle is called the angle of
elevation of the object.

If the object is below the horizontal from the eye(i.e., at a lower

level than ourselves), then we have to turn our head downwards to viewthe
object. In the process, our eyes move through an angle. This angle is called the
angle of depression of the object.

PROBLEMS

1. If sine = √ /2, then (cosec + cot ) is equal to?

a) 2 √3 b) 2√3/3 c) (2+√3) d) 3/√3
Soln:
sin = √3/2
sin 60 ̊ = √3/2
so, = 60 ̊
Now, cosec + cot = cosec 60 ̊ + cot 60 ̊
= 2/√3 + 1/√3
= 3/√3
=3/√3 × √3/√3
= 3√3/3
= √3

Ans: d) 3/√3

2. If tan = 1/√ , then (cosec2 – sec2 )/ cosec2 + sec2 is equal to ?

a) -2/3 b) -3/4 c) 2/3 d) ¾
Soln:
tan = 1/√7
cot = √7
sec2 = (1 + tan2 )
=(1 + 1/7)

5
 = 8/7
cosec2 - sec2 / cosec2 + sec2 = (8-8/7)/(8+8/7)
= 48/64
=3/4
Ans: d) ¾

3. If sin = 0.7, what is the value of cos ?

a) 0.3 b) √0.49 c) √0.51 d) √0.9
Soln:
sin =0.7 = 7/10
2
cos = √1 −
= √1 − 0.49
= √0.51
Ans: ) √0.51

4. If sec - cosec = 0, what is the value of tan + cot ?

a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) 2
Soln:
sec - cosec = 0
sec = cosec

= 45 ̊
tan + cot = tan 45 ̊ + cot 45 ̊
=1+1
=2
Ans: d) 2

5. tan 4 ̊ tan 43 ̊ tan 47 ̊ tan 86 ̊ is?

a) 2 b) 3 c) 1 d) 4
Soln:
tan 4 ̊tan 43 ̊tan47 ̊tan 86 ̊
= tan 4 ̊tan 43 ̊ tan(90 ̊ - 4 ̊)
= tan 4 ̊ tan 43 c̊ ot 43 c̊ ot 4 ̊
= 1.1

6
 =1
Ans: c) 1

6. cos / 1-sin is equal to ?

a) tan – 1/tan + 1 b) 1+sin / cos c) tan + 1/ tan d)
1 + cos / sin
Soln:
cos / 1- sin × 1+sin / 1 + sin
= cos (1+sin )/ cos2
= 1 + sin /cos
Ans: b) 1+sin / cos

7. The angle of elevation of a tower from a distance 50n. From its foot is 30 ̊.
What is the height of the tower?
a) 50 √3 m b) 51/√3 m c) 75√3 m d) 76/√3
Soln: A

h 33
30
B 50 m C 30 ̊
Then,
tan 30 ̊= h/50
h = 50/√3

Ans: b) 50/√3 m

8. What is the angle of elevation of the sun when the shadow of a pole is √
times the length of the pole is ?
a) 30 ̊ b) 45 ̊ c) 60 ̊ d) 90 ̊
Soln:
tan = AB/BC
BC = √3 AB
AB/BC = 1/√3

7
 tan = 1/√3
= 30 ̊

Ans: a) 30 ̊

9. What is the angle of elevation of the sun, When the shadow of a pole of
height x m is x/√ m ?
a) 30 ̊ b) 45 ̊ c) 60 ̊ d) 75 ̊

Soln:

Here is the angle of elevation,

tan = P/B = X / X/√3

√
=

= √3

= 30 ̊

Ans: a) 30 ̊

[Link] angle of elevation of the top of a tower is 30m high from two points
on the level ground on its opposite sides are 45 ̊ and 60 ̊. What is the
distance between the two points?
a) 47.32 m b) 41.23 m c) 38.12m d) 52.10 m

Soln:

Let AC be the tower,

AC/BC = tan 45 ̊

BC = AC = 30m

8
 A

30m

B (45 ̊) C D (60 ̊)

AC/CD = tan 60 ̊
CD = AC/√3
= 30/√3
= 10√3m
So, required distance = (30+10√3)
= (30+17.32)
= 47.32m
Ans: a) 47.32 m