1- Thermodynamics is not concerned about______.
(a) energy changes involved in a chemical reaction
(b) the extent to which a chemical reaction proceeds
(c) the rate at which a reaction proceeds
(d) the feasibility of occurring a chemical change.
4- In the adiabatic expansion processes against vacuum,
(a) q = 0, ∆T ≠ 0, w = 0 (b) q ≠ 0, ∆T = 0, w = 0
(c) q = 0, ∆T = 0, w = 0 (d) q = 0, ∆T < 0, w ≠ 0
Enthalpy of sublimation of a substance is equal to
(a) enthalpy of fusion + enthalpy of vaporization (b)
enthalpy of fusion
(c) enthalpy of vaporization (d) twice the enthalpy of
vaporization
1- The standard heat of combustion of propane (C3H8) at 298 K and 1 atm is -2219
kJ/mol. Calculate the standard heat of its formation knowing that ΔHof of CO2(g)
and H2O (l) are, respectively, -393.31 and -285.7 kJ/mol?
AnS : 103
21- kWh is a unit of
(a) power (b) energy (c) force (d) pressure
1. 40°F equals
(a) 233° (b) 313 (c) 40K (d) 40°
C K C
Boundaries might be imaginary only in case of -----------
systems
(a) Open (b) closed (c) isolated (d) adiabatic
The change in any state function is ,,,,,,,,
a) Exact differentiation b) inexact differentiation
c) depends on path
Which of the following is intensive properties ……………
A)Temperature b) mass c) volume
d) mol
Asystem when only exchange energy with surrounding is
…………..
A)Open B) closed c) isolated
An open beaker is considered as …………….
A)Open system b) closed system
c) isolated system
3000 J of heat is added to a system and 2500 J of work is
done by the system. What is the change in internal energy
of the system?
Ans 500
Determine the heat transfer when a system’s internal
energy increases by 600 J, and 300 J of work is done on
the system.
Ans 300
Process that occurs at constant pressure is called
A)Isobaric b) isochoric c) isothermal
d) adiabatic
True or false
Adiabatic process cannot be isothermal? False can be due
to change of temp inside the isolated container
Potential energy in chemical system could change due to
involve a chemical reaction ? True as potential energy
originated from composition of chemical compounds
Yes, the boundary work associated with
constant-volume systems is always zero
On a P-V (pressure-volume) diagram, the area under the
process curve represents the work done during the
process
The work done is greater for the case where the gas
expands first at constant pressure and then at constant
temperature.
Case 1: Constant Pressure Expansion
In this case, the pressure remains constant while the
volume increases. The work done is given by:
W = PΔV
Case 2: Constant Temperature Expansion
In this case, the temperature remains constant while the
volume increases. The work done is given by:
W = nRT ln(V2/V1)
where n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the gas
constant, T is the temperature,
and V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes,
respectively
the work in first case directly proportional to the change
in volume while the second case the work is directly
proportional to the logarithmic of volume ratio which will
be lower In value than the first case
Total work = 400 Kj
Calculate the work done when 40 g of zinc reacts with
sulfuric acid in case of:
1. A closed container with a fixed volume.
2. An open beaker at 25°C
Work Done in a Closed Container with a Fixed Volume:
In a closed container with a fixed volume, the volume remains constant. Therefore, no expansion
or compression work is done. The work done (W) is zero.
W=0J
Work Done in an Open Beaker at 25°C:
In an open beaker, the hydrogen gas produced can expand against the atmospheric pressure. The
work done in this case can be approximated using the following formula:
W = -PΔV
where:
W is the work done
P is the external pressure (atmospheric pressure)
ΔV is the change in volume
To calculate ΔV, we need to determine the moles of hydrogen gas produced:
1. Convert mass of zinc to moles:
o Molar mass of Zn = 65.38 g/mol
o Moles of Zn = 40 g / 65.38 g/mol ≈ 0.612 mol
2. Determine moles of H₂ produced:
o From the balanced equation, 1 mole of Zn produces 1 mole of H₂.
o So, 0.612 mol of Zn will produce 0.612 mol of H₂.
3. Calculate the volume of H₂ gas produced:
o Use the ideal gas law: PV = nRT
o P = 1 atm (assuming atmospheric pressure)
o R = 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K (gas constant)
o T = 25°C = 298 K
o V = nRT/P = (0.612 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(298 K) / 1 atm ≈ 14.7 L
Now, we can calculate the work done:
W = -PΔV = -(1 atm)(14.7 L) ≈ -14.7 L·atm
To convert L·atm to Joules, we can use the conversion factor 1 L·atm = 101.3 J:
W ≈ -14.7 L·atm * 101.3 J/L·atm ≈ -1487 J
Therefore, the work done in an open beaker at 25°C is approximately -1487 J. The negative sign
indicates that work is done by the system (the reaction) on the surroundings.
Moles of CO2 produced:
Molar mass of CaCO₃ = 100 g/mol
Moles of CaCO₃ = 75 g / 100 g/mol = 0.75 mol
From the balanced equation, 1 mole of CaCO₃ produces 1 mole of CO₂. Therefore, 0.75 mol of
CaCO₃ will produce 0.75 mol of CO₂.
2. Initial Volume (V₁):
Since CaCO₃ is a solid, it occupies negligible volume. So, initially, the volume is essentially
zero.
3. Final Volume (V₂) using the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
P = 1 atm = 101325 Pa
n = 0.75 mol
R = 8.314 J/mol·K
T = 500 K
V₂ = nRT/P = (0.75 mol * 8.314 J/mol·K * 500 K) / 101325 Pa ≈ 0.031 m³
4. Work done for a reversible isothermal process:
W = -nRT ln(V₂/V₁)
Since V₁ is essentially zero, ln(V₂/V₁) approaches infinity. However, we can consider a very
small initial volume (V₁') to avoid this infinity.
W = -nRT ln(V₂/V₁')
As V₁' approaches zero, ln(V₂/V₁') approaches infinity, and the work done becomes infinitely
large.
Therefore, the work done in this process is infinitely large.
This is because the system expands against a constant external pressure (atmospheric pressure) to
an infinite volume, which requires an infinite amount of work.
1. Moles of H₂ produced:
Molar mass of Mg = 24.305 g/mol
Moles of Mg = 100 g / 24.305 g/mol ≈ 4.11 mol
From the balanced equation, 1 mole of Mg produces 1 mole of H₂. Therefore, 4.11 mol of Mg
will produce 4.11 mol of H₂.
2. Work done at 30°C:
Use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume of H₂ at 30°C: PV = nRT V₁ = nRT/P =
(4.11 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 303 K) / 1 atm ≈ 101.5 L
Work done, W₁ = -PΔV = -P(V₂ - V₁) Since the initial volume is negligible, V₁ ≈ 0. So,
W₁ ≈ -P(V₂) = -(1 atm)(101.5 L) ≈ -101.5 L·atm
3. Work done at 60°C:
Calculate the volume of H₂ at 60°C: V₂ = nRT/P = (4.11 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K *
333 K) / 1 atm ≈ 112.4 L
Work done, W₂ = -P(V₂) = -(1 atm)(112.4 L) ≈ -112.4 L·atm
4. Difference in work done:
ΔW = W₂ - W₁ = -112.4 L·atm - (-101.5 L·atm) ≈ -10.9 L·atm
Converting L·atm to Joules:
1 L·atm ≈ 101.3 J
So, ΔW ≈ -10.9 L·atm * 101.3 J/L·atm ≈ -1103 J
Therefore, the difference in work done between 30°C and 60°C is approximately -1103 J. The
negative sign indicates that work is done by the system (the reaction) on the surroundings.
Which of the following is a state function?
(A) Work (B) Heat (C) Enthalpy
(D) Path length
Which of the following properties is extensive?
(A) Temperature (B) Pressure (C) Volume
(D) Density
In an adiabatic process, which of the following statements
is true?
(A) Heat is absorbed by the system
(B) No heat is exchanged with the surroundings
(C) The temperature remains constant
(D) Work done is zero
. Which of the following statements about intensive
properties is correct? (A) They depend on the amount of
matter in the system
(B) They remain the same regardless of the system size
(C) Examples include mass and volume
(D) They always increase with temperature
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding
an isothermal process?
(A) The temperature remains constant
(B) There is no change in internal energy for an ideal gas
(C) Heat exchange occurs to maintain constant
temperature
(D) No work is done by or on the system
Which of the following combinations correctly classifies
the given quantities as extensive or intensive?
(A) All are correct
(B) Only Entropy and Pressure are correct
(C) Only Entropy and Enthalpy are correct
(D) Only Pressure and Molar Mass are correct
For a cyclic process in thermodynamics, which of the
following statements is true?
(A) The change in internal energy is zero
(B) The work done is always zero
(C) The heat absorbed is always zero
(D) Both heat and work are zero
Which of the following processes is characterized by 'delta
T = 0' and '∆ U not equal to 0'?
(A) Adiabatic process
(B) Isothermal process
(C) Isochoric process
(D) Isobaric process
Which of the following best describes a non-state
function?
(A) Enthalpy (B) Entropy (C) Work (D)
Volume
If a gas expands isothermally against a vacuum, the work
done is:
(A) Positive
(B) Negative
(C) Zero
(D) None of the above
Gas undergoes an isothermal, irreversible expansion
against a constant external pressure of 1 atm. Which of
the following is true?
(A) Internal energy increases
(B) Internal energy decreases
(C) Work is done by the system
(D) Work is zero