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Resonance Tube Full Practical File Class 11

This document outlines an experiment to determine the velocity of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube and tuning forks. It includes the aim, required apparatus, theoretical background, principles, procedure, observations, calculations, results, and precautions for conducting the experiment. The key formula used is v = 2f(L2 - L1), where v is the velocity of sound, f is the frequency of the tuning fork, and L1 and L2 are the first and second resonance lengths, respectively.

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47 views7 pages

Resonance Tube Full Practical File Class 11

This document outlines an experiment to determine the velocity of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube and tuning forks. It includes the aim, required apparatus, theoretical background, principles, procedure, observations, calculations, results, and precautions for conducting the experiment. The key formula used is v = 2f(L2 - L1), where v is the velocity of sound, f is the frequency of the tuning fork, and L1 and L2 are the first and second resonance lengths, respectively.

Uploaded by

jaysingh07069
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHYSICS PRACTICAL FILE

Experiment No. 06

To Determine the Velocity of Sound in Air at Room Temperature


Using a Resonance Tube
Aim

To determine the velocity of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube apparatus
and tuning forks of known frequency.

Apparatus Required

Resonance tube apparatus, two tuning forks (480 Hz / 512 Hz), rubber pad, thermometer, metre
scale, beaker, water, spirit level and set square.

Theory

Sound travels in air in the form of longitudinal waves consisting of compressions and rarefactions.
When a vibrating tuning fork is held near the open end of a resonance tube partially filled with
water, the sound waves travel down the tube and are reflected from the water surface which acts as
a closed end. Under suitable conditions, standing waves are formed and resonance occurs
producing a loud sound.
Principle and Formulae

For first resonance: L1 + e = λ/4

For second resonance: L2 + e = 3λ/4

Subtracting: λ = 2(L2 − L1)

Velocity of sound: v = fλ = 2f(L2 − L1)

Where:
L1 = First resonance length
L2 = Second resonance length
f = Frequency of tuning fork
λ = Wavelength
v = Velocity of sound
Neat Labelled Diagram (Resonance Tube)

Tuning Fork
||
||
Open End (Antinode)
| |
| Air Column |
| |
Water Level (Node)
Reservoir
Procedure

1. Set the resonance tube vertically using levelling screws.


2. Note the room temperature carefully using a thermometer.
3. Strike the tuning fork gently on a rubber pad.
4. Hold it about 1 cm above the open end without touching the tube.
5. Slowly lower the water level to obtain the first loud sound (L1).
6. Note the first resonance length carefully.
7. Lower the water level further to obtain the second loud sound (L2).
8. Note the second resonance length.
9. Take at least four readings (two while lowering and two while raising water level).
10. Repeat the experiment with another tuning fork.
Observations

Frequency (Hz) L1 (m) L2 (m) L2 - L1 (m) Velocity (m/s)


Calculations

v = 2f (L2 − L1)

Result

The velocity of sound in air at room temperature is ______ m/s.

Precautions

1. Keep the resonance tube perfectly vertical.


2. Perform the experiment in a quiet room.
3. Strike the tuning fork gently.
4. Do not let the tuning fork touch the tube.
5. Adjust the water level slowly.
6. Take readings at eye level to avoid parallax error.
7. Measure temperature accurately.
8. Take multiple readings for better accuracy.

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