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Redox Titrations Complete Notes

Redox titrations involve oxidation and reduction reactions to determine the concentration of oxidizing or reducing agents, with potassium manganate(VII) being a key oxidizing agent used in acidic conditions. The document outlines procedures for titrations with KMnO₄ and ethanedioic acid, as well as iodine and sodium thiosulfate, including their respective half-equations and overall reactions. It also provides tips for avoiding common errors during titrations.

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Vinoka Samarajiwa
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18 views2 pages

Redox Titrations Complete Notes

Redox titrations involve oxidation and reduction reactions to determine the concentration of oxidizing or reducing agents, with potassium manganate(VII) being a key oxidizing agent used in acidic conditions. The document outlines procedures for titrations with KMnO₄ and ethanedioic acid, as well as iodine and sodium thiosulfate, including their respective half-equations and overall reactions. It also provides tips for avoiding common errors during titrations.

Uploaded by

Vinoka Samarajiwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Vinoka Samarajiwa

BSc, MEd

Redox Titrations

Introduction to Redox Titrations


• Redox titrations involve oxidation and reduction reactions.
• One substance loses electrons (oxidation) while another gains electrons (reduction).
• Used to determine the concentration of oxidising or reducing agents.

Redox Titrations with Potassium Manganate(VII) – KMnO₄

• Potassium manganate(VII) is a strong oxidising agent.


• Used mainly in acidic conditions.
• Acts as its own indicator (purple → pale pink).

Half-Equations in Acidic Medium


• MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ + 5e⁻ → Mn²⁺ + 4H₂O
• Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + e⁻

Overall Reaction with Iron(II)


• MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ + 5Fe²⁺ → Mn²⁺ + 4H₂O + 5Fe³⁺

Procedure for KMnO₄ Titration


• Pipette iron(II) solution into a conical flask.
• Add dilute sulfuric acid.
• Add KMnO₄ from burette slowly.
• End point: first permanent pale pink colour.
Vinoka Samarajiwa
BSc, MEd

Titration with Ethanedioic Acid (Oxalic Acid)


• Ethanedioic acid acts as a reducing agent.
• Reaction is slow at room temperature.
• Solution is heated to ~60°C before titration.

Overall Reaction with Ethanedioic Acid


• 2MnO₄⁻ + 16H⁺ + 5C₂O₄²⁻ → 2Mn²⁺ + 8H₂O + 10CO₂

Redox Titrations with Iodine and Sodium Thiosulfate


• Thiosulfate ions reduce iodine to iodide.
• Used for iodine estimation.

Half-Equations (Iodine–Thiosulfate)
• I₂ + 2e⁻ → 2I⁻
• 2S₂O₃²⁻ → S₄O₆²⁻ + 2e⁻

Overall Reaction (Iodine–Thiosulfate)


• I₂ + 2S₂O₃²⁻ → 2I⁻ + S₄O₆²⁻

Use of Starch Indicator


• Starch forms a blue-black complex with iodine.
• Added near the end point.
• End point: blue-black colour disappears.

Common Errors and Exam Tips


• KMnO₄ must be used in acidic medium only.
• Do not add starch too early.
• Always write balanced half-equations.

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