CVE 413 / 413D FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN OF
RECTANGULAR
COMBINED
FOOTING
Introduction
Combined footings are used when it is necessary to support two columns on one
footing.
These may be rectangular, trapezoidal, or Tee-shaped in plan. It is desirable to
design combined footings so that the centroid of the footing area coincides with the
resultant of the two column loads.
This produces uniform bearing pressure throughout the footing area to prevent
uneven settlements.
This can be accomplished with combined footings that are rectangular in plan
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Introduction
A rectangular combined footing is used in the following conditions:
a) When the columns are very close together that isolated individual
footings would overlap into each other.
b) When one column is very close to a property line, causing the
usual isolated footing to extend across the line. For this situation,
the footing for the exterior column may be combined with the one
for an interior column.
c) When the load-bearing capacity of the soil is low, large bearing
areas becomes necessary, then it requires expanding the area of
one side of the footing.
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Design of Combined Footing
1. Assume thickness of footing
2. 𝑞𝑒 = 𝑞𝑎 − 𝛾𝑐 ℎ𝑐 − 𝛾𝑠 ℎ𝑠
3. B(L) = Area of Footing = P / qe
𝑃
B L =
𝑞𝑒
Note: Use an increment of 50mm for hc and, 100mm for B
4. Pu = 1.2PD +1.6PL
5. qu = Pu / Afooting
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Design of Rectangular Footing
6. WIDE BEAM SHEAR
A. LONG DIRECTION & SHORT DIRECTION
∅𝑉𝑐 = 𝑉𝑢
𝐿−𝐶1
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75(0.17)𝜆 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐵 − 𝑑
2
Solve for hc:
hc = d + 1.5db +cc
say hc = ___________
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Design of Rectangular Footing
6. PUNCHING SHEAR
COMPARE ASSUMED hc and LARGEST COMPUTED hc,
If assumed hc < computed hc, REDESIGN! (BACK TO STEP 1)
If assumed hc> computed hc, PROCEED TO NEXT STEP & COMPUTE
EFFECTIVE DEPTH “d”
d = hc –1.5db - cc
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Design of Rectangular Footing
7. STEEL BAR REQUIREMENTS
I. MAIN STEEL BARS (LONG AND SHORT DIRECTION)
COMPUTE FOR Mu and As
Actual Mu
𝐿−𝐶1 𝐿−𝐶1 1
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐵
2 2 2
Check if tension controlled or transition:
459 ′ 2 3
𝜙𝑀𝑛 = 𝛽 𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑑 (1 − 𝛽1 )
600 1 16
𝜙𝑀𝑛 > 𝑀𝑢 . 𝑇𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑇𝑅𝑂𝐿𝐿𝐸𝐷, 𝜙 = 0.90
Steel Bars Required:
Solve for Rn
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑2
𝑀𝑢
𝑅𝑛 =
𝜙𝑏𝑑 2
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Design of Rectangular Footing
7. STEEL BAR REQUIREMENTS (LONG & SHORT DIRECTION)
Solve for 𝜌
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑛
𝜌= 1− 1−
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓𝑐′
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑓𝑦
LONG DIRECTION SHORT DIRECTION
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
𝐴𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 2
=
𝐴𝑠 𝛽+1
Spacing of Main Rebars,
𝐴𝑠
𝑁=
𝐴𝑏
𝐵 −2𝑐𝑐 −𝑑𝑏
𝑆= 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3ℎ 𝑜𝑟 450𝑚𝑚
𝑁−1
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Design of Rectangular Footing
8. DEVELOPMENT LENGTH (LONG & SHORT DIRECTION)
≤ 20𝑚𝑚∅ 𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
𝑙𝑑𝑅 = 𝑑𝑏
2.1𝜆( 𝑓𝑐 ′ )
≥ 25𝑚𝑚∅
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
𝑙𝑑𝑅 = 𝑑𝑏
1.70𝜆( 𝑓𝑐 ′ )
Ld Provided:
𝐵 − 𝐶𝐿
𝑙𝑑𝑝 = − 75
2
If Ldp > Ldr , therefore no hooks required
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Design of Rectangular Footing
9. BEARING STRENGTH, Bu = Pu
From NSCP 2015 Table [Link] Bn is the lesser of
If ØBn > Bu NO DOWELS REQUIRED, PROVIDE MIN
If ØBn < Bu
𝐴𝑠𝑑
𝑁=
𝐴𝑏
𝑃𝑢 − 𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑠𝑑 = 7
𝑓𝑦
Design of Rectangular Footing
9. BEARING STRENGTH, Bu = Pu
PROVIDE MIN DOWEL
As min = 0.005Ag
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Ld Required:
0.17𝑓𝑦
𝑙𝑑𝑅 = 𝑑𝑏
( 𝑓𝑐 ′ )
Ld Provided:
𝑙𝑑𝑝 = ℎ𝑐 − 𝑐𝑐 − 2𝑑𝑏
Ld min:
𝑙𝑑𝑝 = 0.071𝑓𝑦𝑑𝑏
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PROBLEM 1:
Loads: Soil:
C1
Dead Load, PD = 500 kN Depth of soil above footing, hs = 1.30 m
Live Load, PL = 750 kN Unit weight of soil, γs = 16.74 kN/m³
C2 Allowable soil bearing pressure, qa = 160 kPa
Dead Load, PD = 850 kN
Live Load, PL = 1000 kN Footing:
Column cc = 75 mm
C1 Bar diameter (main bars), Ø = 25 mm
long side, CL = 400 mm (temperature bars) = 16 mm
short side, Cs = 400 mm f′c = 28 Mpa
C2 fy = 276 Mpa
long side, CL = 500 mm γc = 23.60
short side, Cs = 500 mm Assumed footing thickness, hc = 700 mm
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PROBLEM 1:
PROPERTY LINE
C1 C2
4m
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PROBLEM 1:
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PROBLEM 2: