CVE 413 / 413D FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN OF
RECTANGULAR
FOOTING
Introduction
Rectangular footings are used where the available space dictates such shapes or
where the cross sections of the columns are clearly rectangular. A rectangular
footing may be required where there is a higher load to spread the load over a
larger area. When there are moments, the longer direction should be parallel to the
direction of the moment to reduce soil pressure at the ends.

In general, square footings are provided under square columns, and rectangular
footings are provided under rectangular columns. It does not decrease the chance
of providing square footing under a rectangular column, but it will not be
economical.

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DISTRIBUTION OF FLEXURAL
OR MAIN REINFORCEMENT
In rectangular footings, the reinforcement in the long direction shall be distributed
uniformly across the entire width B of the footing. For the reinforcement in short direction,
a larger steel area is needed in the central portion than the far ends of the footing.

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DISTRIBUTION OF FLEXURAL
OR MAIN REINFORCEMENT
NSCP 2015 Section 413.3.3

In rectangular footings, reinforcement shall be distributed in accordance with (a) and (b)

(a) Reinforcement in the long direction shall be distributed uniformly across entire width of
footing.

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DISTRIBUTION OF FLEXURAL
OR MAIN REINFORCEMENT
NSCP 2015 Section 413.3.3

(b) For reinforcement in the short direction, a portion of the total reinforcement, ysAs, shall be
distributed uniformly over a band width equal to the length of short side of footing, centered on
centerline of column or pedestal. Remainder of reinforcement required in the short direction, (1
— ys)As, shall be distributed uniformly outside the center band width
of footing, where ys is calculated by:

where β is the ratio of long to short side of footing.

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DISTRIBUTION OF FLEXURAL
OR MAIN REINFORCEMENT

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Rectangular Footing with
Bending at Both Axis
General Formula

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Rectangular Footing with
Bending at Both Axis
Rectangular Footing

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Design of Rectangular Footing
1. Assume thickness of footing

2. 𝑞𝑒 = 𝑞𝑎 − 𝛾𝑐 ℎ𝑐 − 𝛾𝑠 ℎ𝑠

3. B(L) = Area of Footing = P / qe

𝑃
B L =
𝑞𝑒
Note: Use an increment of 50mm for hc and, 100mm for B

4. Pu = 1.2PD +1.6PL
5. qu = Pu / Afooting

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Design of Rectangular Footing
6. WIDE BEAM SHEAR
LONG DIRECTION
∅𝑉𝑐 = 𝑉𝑢
𝐿−𝐶
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75(0.17)𝜆 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤𝑑 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐵 −𝑑
2

SHORT DIRECTION
∅𝑉𝑐 = 𝑉𝑢
𝐵−𝐶
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75(0.17)𝜆 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤𝑑 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐿 −𝑑
2
Solve for hc:
hc = d + 1.5db +cc
say hc = ___________

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Design of Rectangular Footing
6. PUNCHING SHEAR

∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.33𝜆 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑜𝑑

COMPARE ASSUMED hc and LARGEST COMPUTED hc,

If assumed hc < computed hc, REDESIGN! (BACK TO STEP 1)
If assumed hc> computed hc, PROCEED TO NEXT STEP & COMPUTE
EFFECTIVE DEPTH “d”
d = hc –1.5db - cc
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Design of Rectangular Footing
7. STEEL BAR REQUIREMENTS
I. MAIN STEEL BARS (LONG AND SHORT DIRECTION)
COMPUTE FOR Mu and As

LONG DIRECTION SHORT DIRECTION

𝐿−𝐶 𝐿−𝐶 1 𝐵−𝐶 𝐵−𝐶 1
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐵 𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐿
2 2 2 2 2 2

Steel Bars Required:

Solve for Rn
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑2
𝑀𝑢
𝑅𝑛 =
𝜙𝑏𝑑 2

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Design of Rectangular Footing
7. STEEL BAR REQUIREMENTS
Solve for 𝜌
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑛
𝜌= 1− 1−
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓𝑐′

1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑓𝑦

LONG DIRECTION:
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
Spacing of Main Rebars,
𝐴𝑠
𝑁=
𝐴𝑏
𝐵 − 2𝑐𝑐 − 𝑑𝑏
𝑆=
𝑁−1
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3ℎ 𝑜𝑟 450𝑚𝑚
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Design of Rectangular Footing
7. STEEL BAR REQUIREMENTS
SHORT DIRECTION:
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑

𝐴𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 2 𝐿𝑂𝑁𝐺 𝑆𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝑂𝐹 𝐹𝑂𝑂𝑇𝐼𝑁𝐺

= where 𝛽=
𝐴𝑠 𝛽+1 𝑆𝐻𝑂𝑅𝑇 𝑆𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝑂𝐹 𝐹𝑂𝑂𝑇𝐼𝑁𝐺

𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟 =
2

Spacing of Main Rebars,

Center: Outer:
𝐴𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑁= 𝑁=
𝐴𝑏 𝐴𝑏

𝐵 𝐵 −𝑐𝑐 −𝑑𝑏/2
𝑆= 𝑆=
𝑁−1 𝑁
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3ℎ 𝑜𝑟 450𝑚𝑚
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Design of Rectangular Footing
8. DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

≤ 20𝑚𝑚∅ 𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
𝑙𝑑𝑅 = 𝑑𝑏
2.1𝜆( 𝑓𝑐 ′ )

≥ 25𝑚𝑚∅
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
𝑙𝑑𝑅 = 𝑑𝑏
1.70𝜆( 𝑓𝑐 ′ )

Ld Provided: 𝑑2
𝐴𝑠 −
𝑙𝑑𝑝 = 2 − 75
2

If Ldp > Ldr , therefore no hooks required

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Design of Rectangular Footing
9. BEARING STRENGTH, Bu = Pu
From NSCP 2015 Table [Link] Bn is the lesser of

If ØBn > Bu NO DOWELS REQUIRED, PROVIDE MIN

If ØBn < Bu
𝐴𝑠𝑑
𝑁=
𝐴𝑏

𝑃𝑢−𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑠𝑑 =
𝑓𝑦
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Design of Rectangular Footing
9. BEARING STRENGTH, Bu = Pu
PROVIDE MIN DOWEL
As min = 0.005Ag
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Ld Required:
0.17𝑓𝑦
𝑙𝑑𝑅 = 𝑑𝑏
( 𝑓𝑐 ′ )

Ld Provided:
𝑙𝑑𝑝 = ℎ𝑐 − 𝑐𝑐 − 2𝑑𝑏
Ld min:

𝑙𝑑𝑝 = 0.071𝑓𝑦𝑑𝑏
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PROBLEM 1:
Loads: Soil:
Dead Load, PD = 1680 kN
Live Load, PL = 1350 kN Depth of soil above footing, hs = 1.05 m
Column Unit weight of soil, γs = 16 kN/m³
long side, CL = 600 mm Allowable soil bearing pressure, qa = 230 kPa
short side, Cs = 600 mm
STEEL BARS = 8 -25mm Footing:
concrete strength, f′c = 28 Mpa cc = 75 mm
fy = 345 Mpa Bar diameter (main bars), Ø = 25 mm
Dowel Steel Bars: Extend Column Bars f′c = 28 Mpa
fy = 345 Mpa
B = 3.2m

Assumed footing thickness, hc = 750 mm

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PROBLEM 1:

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PROBLEM 2:
Loads: Soil:
Dead Load, PD = 980 kN
Live Load, PL = 1200 kN Depth of soil above footing, hs = 2.0 m
Column Unit weight of soil, γs = 18 kN/m³
long side, CL = 500 mm Allowable soil bearing pressure, qa = 140 kPa
short side, Cs = 400 mm
STEEL BARS = 12 -20mm Footing:
concrete strength, f′c = 27 Mpa cc = 75 mm
fy = 400 Mpa Bar diameter (main bars), Ø = 20 mm
Dowel Steel Bars: Extend Column Bars f′c = 20 Mpa
fy = 400 Mpa
B = 3.0m

Assumed footing thickness, hc = 400 mm

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PROBLEM 2: