of at} | | | kA ange numberc of town ovels abarely apaord €0 av ery I k. forbidden energy a {vt band *~ | The distance between valence bard and conduction. band is calted P — Semicondsctore Devices fe Leetrconic Device : - device whee action is based on the conticolled an of elprtreons called electronic devices ; Enercqy band in solic | Smal enercay ae as cated energy band 10 co y Theree sce thieee type PF energy tardiin solid - a - yatenoe band b . Co ndutet ion band. [ [cardustion bard | C. Forbidden energy gap bard Par biddin on ue | pe bard - " Valence Bond -= fouect [vaterce Band] > The highest enexgy band “uo eh valerey eleeicon ts eatted valence band - 1 > The vatonoe bana must ether be comp etety feaed orc Paste any fitted wéth ale electrons , but Never be ¢ Competety ¢ empty b- Conduction band ‘= a - The Cewert untitled allowed energy bard nent 40 “the vatence ard & called Conduction bard. ‘ > The corduction band must Citec b Complete empty ore pul fruad, bul neverc be complet téued®. d d a | forchdeten energy qe7 diagiCam !~ + Cas fakin of pti hetomcing 40 energy band. ps i be classi Neeordi pe to enecgy band diagro™ ya solid CAN DC fe tnto thkee Ctagorces: © concwotarc @ Trutator © Semiconduotorc | © coeductor :~ 7 Tn case of condteotor ,valéroe bord cnd conduction band over ap with Pack, other - = Here po forchidden enor 3 Aulditable in case of wade > Hence a kee amount of en) a Meqpircecl bard > Oy Case of corductore, the condlurckon and @ Grsulatore :< { | Gy care of ingwators valence banol tx ee Fle unith valence e% while LE tondanetion’ bascl és vampetty empty - > Herce, the Forbidden ener gapleg) e Healy equal to to electron volt - > ten an electric Held Colt give fhis much energy YO an election to [Cendssstfon fy F1pev EL don nee “os %, i Ab of , > TE Suffecient mou OGY a acer 45 lock cor ya vecufeune of valent d ace dhe vate: “ oq dune + ee fore the Valens election to }ump +o the. corchuutil sit pin ia bard to coroluetion bancl . make ct. Jam Fitony valostt < e Scti a aca bb ~ fe.) Condueetion band ; but ‘they ace rot Capable of eleetric Ceuctent J ond > pue to the tack of {ree electiCons-én the conduekto” fr ard, tnsulators ace poor conduclore Of eloticccity « CO Semiconductor ?~ En case of Semiconductor , corderet on bord & emp’ while valence band is Feed uoith The valence elections » A] > So the material & cneskalg an C tnsutatore at low tempera a > Hate, the Farchi dden eneny gap (ff) & neasdly equal fo 1 eleeticen volt [> AE econ nye Some valence elerttors aqiirce enough tS) hema energy & jump 4o the eondueesion bancl where, they | Cordis gree Fire to concluct eleotricrty, | uy Feu) Scemicanductor > Somiconductore asco Ahe substance whore reenistivity Lies tn between Conduectore conc insulatore (-e, 16°.2m “fo 1% | 4 (2 Semi conclactor ak Low jempercatuce behave Uke an cneulato pal | but ab oom jompercar oe y th uit behave a8 a Conductor - eyoel Pecopercté ies DF Cemacordual ore: ~ d | > femitonductors have muth more . higher. resis tivity han oetale wo! > Semi cordarters howe negakive | [Link] co- eb cient: ibe (cesds Eanae. yt | se [Condecetion ard | T_GFiev valence Band Goan maz 7?3 Semé Corduotore i devided toto two type OGabtinsic Geni coretuetorc © Enteinsic JOMé COnderotorc § prt feacenee ee > Grscinsic Cemé cofduotor & again ctevededl On-tpe (emi conditctore °) © p-type Cemicorducte | toto two types piprercente 2004 bifeereete Trbicins ie Semi condlustore :~ > The Semiconductor which a % Semiconduetsic>” > Te spt Concentration in ase of Less than out pack in rot > Werte the no, of ficen oloctrons pequak 40 the noof holes | Ce, Oe 5 entree pruce forcmn is Coxtrect ink Cadi nge ¢ Jemnico edunetore-y =nh-= NG, where aes enterase coucree ere "concentra ton | example '~ mam pl Peremaniu (Ge) and silicon (te) £ Sy Exteinaic semi corcantn~ 9 Ge > an Prctoaio Femi conduct , the current concyg cp abit | w bow: i Jou ved bu > Therefarce some impustity 4 ceded to the pce Cone ‘ er crcypstal fo incrcease the electrical [Link] « nN . . . lo > Tho new form of Semiconductor G called extreénscc Semiconduapel ant = cores of ding tmpurcity tothe puce Semiconoluedor + The f' ad " par 4 r _ . Gregial @ alted dope ; De ee impucity 10 the gomicondunto re ocystd 4 Cabrec pend > | > Accercoling jo the impurity celded ythe enteitsce dem conduutie + clevided into Moo fyper” N-type Semi conductor ° © p-type Sept eondebor / _ TOa | 1) ne type Gemicnnduatort :~ \> when penta valent impurity cdded to the pur? | Creyptal ptt & cared SEYPE Jemé conch wekoe * (> compe’? arene CM), pres phoreeus Cp» Téncsn) > ficve electron Explanation Tuscth gucmanivn evcpiol] 5 @ertmani wm (Ge) ros Foure valense atecticnns 9 ete oubercmas t Abel while Aesenic CAs) hor five valence ebeeticons cn atts qurktnost Bho”, | © when an Argenic akom added to a yescrnani vm esta Ut fe Ento the labice and forms Four co-valynt bonds with the nefahbuur, ercnaniusn korn ‘ 7 Hawed at, one eLertrton of theNaenic atom remains unboaded (Fee) » “Thi Firne elenbcon 4 reespor( be Fore elvatred cal eandastion inthe Croystal * F Fach fren’e akon dpnater one feoe ebticon,so a Of ftenic atones usilh piceduve a dowyp [Link] nim bor fees Upeltons «V7rey son) >mpapwe rosa thd Typ v7 va arnovodiay 90 YY 40° OF psy aay wo -PYE wot? yng eyo 900 Ab TDIP PY og wok ORG Bh ULD49 WO) IMP | mon GO Prpvoqyn wyroua WoO umrepuats fa uauraya ave W979 i ~ woyO venramurrab ana yhoo aye S p09 Way n.g) Ty rues pLO DIO) Mr 0 | #425 ass JY. of PIP Vi uaF! VOIIG VDVR|H — ? WO Ae 2 v2 voxRTEE Into Tay toy UTROY ZINK De Cop pemyppuy Com mmwMY Vexog 4g ow Wpow woe adby-d fr 232 quatag usprmpuad THe aod yp oy PPPO & snd wa PIP) C “ aaprapvamnans adh, =) G@ FATA YO AHS Deh | | manures 9.2 U2 Sump Farveyon Imo} Foy (2) UMrMUNEY < be ® !MOA IU} 40 y oy POV saybry poy verpve (4b 1 SPEED TO “ejay 49 yom Ve dndhoy oy Oop UPC joupud 34h! PauDey @ aarp Nd ia 1 venation . Ye. ooO9, tL] OP 6 OH & g 6 & BIT oo'ot yoanaa) wpeng — rs suo Ppp wr 9 adby n so rosy WYO PO | snaps Rad cozon dR} TPH 309 yout Poe om | Spalap pw WVUAY PHO YONI yopadon sPurg ame mM i ie | sure ned IM 8 pe a ypayon, oan, yy 61 ARMPUD IG adba-m qyzn JVIo¢ MaTAY 9 woyMAPYT NU syd vay © | avon Nd “pvaypTapa doe} FD prinn Yann hres “pre <4 90 PHY). wh rou? Py rio ow Say QPEPR 145 adhad wI@ » @Oy do A I Py rswurw nnn svor Toye vay my Rup DD abn Paywoco sup Uap Ws adba- NYS Qa peg Boiaaili | 22 wort waaay WN qdaimm um yoyo By Y VPN 42 garorag aNd? JaidsT0 “pr Bw oannde, HHO ALO vorrnpuay yop vasspas Yk POVTP PHY mnogo ngundia) HUA PHTTD sO napmdnr weg + 9 TONid 7D Due to concentration gecadrent, fhe hates begear 1 defup | From pride fen wll Orel firee ofpctreom hegens fo deed 2 Atom aie sicko 40 f side» This get up an eleckric feed marc the jondeor, here ay ei of juroft an dé pleted wh the freee charge Corcrci ery ut & caltecl Le PE Mee recat MS holes ‘a fo defur From psideto Ae sicle, they Leer py SAY) acreptse ion which +24 up a rion called negateve spa (Led aK UP bpm Chas je eeegion d ‘ > Ae Arcee elortrae beqins 40 olefeure from aye de te pacdeyFy ' Dies behind (4¥0) cloner fon twhech vet up a regen called perce SPave charcge (00 - f This motton 4 ake charge carriers due 4o the eleetscic feeld & cated dwcift J “the actiumplottoe O4 (-ve)eharcge on 4h f icegion de . On and 1¥6) cham CO the Ae region cals upa petentéal d 1 EIEN E Cuercers phe > Suncttoay dha act asa bone, which & mn BS QUEL Potential parccie —t Ginsing of pnt juneleons~ “The Peeces of apy q’y Called braving enteral vetlag fa pA junele' in iy i } > Biasing pl PN Junclton tr clivide cot? tees Daye ty pe ( vie © Lorcwasca biartng Ps Bact © levee faa 4 | Wve | - _ L \iy 8 _ Bl que b connected +6 Loh the battery Gf the pattive teeminal of Abe oo { erent eal ? taee seme Conduckre ard negalevt ¢ 4 fered ts tpnnn ted Aen 49/4 pemi comluttore then ft a alle d feciwmd Ini osi ng u tn ¢ A eeakel > The ustdth of he deplete yer oli N > wareciene potenteal reves ¢ The Suncké oo Seer! Loe recta teene ¢ toe {tow of eleetecinty of bers =\ Devens, ie 2) poliUiRR bearing 4 — _ 9} | 4 WW, Pheasant - —|\ 4 aN ow Ww