Scribd
Upload
23 views2 pages

Matrices Short Notes

This document provides a concise overview of matrices, including their definitions, types, and operations such as addition, scalar multiplication, and multiplication. It also covers concepts like the transpose, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, determinants, and the inverse of a matrix. Each section outlines essential properties and rules relevant to matrices in mathematics.

Uploaded by

kartikagarwaliit
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views2 pages

Matrices Short Notes

This document provides a concise overview of matrices, including their definitions, types, and operations such as addition, scalar multiplication, and multiplication. It also covers concepts like the transpose, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, determinants, and the inverse of a matrix. Each section outlines essential properties and rules relevant to matrices in mathematics.

Uploaded by

kartikagarwaliit
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Matrices – Short Notes (Class 12 / JEE)

1. Matrix Definition
• A matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers, symbols, or expressions in rows and
columns.

• A matrix with m rows and n columns is called an m × n matrix.

2. Order of Matrix
• Order = number of rows × number of columns.

• Example: A 2 × 3 matrix has 2 rows and 3 columns.

3. Types of Matrices
• Row Matrix: Only one row.

• Column Matrix: Only one column.

• Square Matrix: Rows = Columns.

• Zero Matrix: All elements are zero.

• Diagonal Matrix: Non■diagonal elements are zero.

• Identity Matrix (I): Diagonal elements are 1 and others 0.

4. Equality of Matrices
• Two matrices are equal if they have the same order and corresponding elements are equal.

5. Addition of Matrices
• Matrices can be added only if they have the same order.

• Add corresponding elements.

6. Scalar Multiplication
• When each element of a matrix is multiplied by a constant (scalar).

7. Multiplication of Matrices
• If A is m × n and B is n × p then multiplication AB is possible.

• Result matrix will be m × p.

8. Transpose of Matrix
• Transpose is obtained by interchanging rows and columns.

• Notation: A■.
9. Symmetric Matrix
• A square matrix where A■ = A.

10. Skew■Symmetric Matrix


• A square matrix where A■ = −A.

11. Determinant (Basic Idea)


• For square matrices determinant gives a special value.

• Used for solving systems of equations and finding inverse.

12. Inverse of Matrix


• Inverse exists only for non■singular square matrices.

• A■¹ = adj(A) / |A|.

You might also like