UNIT – 3 – Sampling Theory

1. Let 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑋3 , … . 𝑋𝑛 be a random sample from Normal distribution

1
𝑁(𝜇, 1) population. Show that 𝑡 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖2 is an unbiased estimator of
𝑛
2
𝜇 + 1.

2. Let 𝑡1 and 𝑡2 be two unbiased estimators of 𝜃. Show that estimator 𝑡 =

𝑎𝑡1 +(1 − 𝑎)𝑡2 is an unbiased estimator of 𝜃.

3. Let T1 and T2 be two consistent estimators of 𝜇1 and 𝜇2 respectively.

Prove that aT1+bT2 is a consistent estimator of 𝑎𝜇1 +𝑏𝜇2 , where a and b
are constant and independent of population.

4. If 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , and 𝑋3 constitute a random sample of size 3 from normal

population with mean 𝜇 and variance 𝜎 2 . Find the most efficient
𝑋 + 𝑋 +𝑋 𝑋 + 2𝑋2 +𝑋3
estimator among the three statistics 𝑡1 = 1 2 3 , 𝑡2 = 1 and
3 4
𝑋2 +𝑋3
𝑡3 = 𝑋1 + .
2

5. Let 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑋3 , … . 𝑋𝑛 be a random sample from Normal distribution

∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) population. Prove that 𝑡 = is a good estimator of 𝜇.
𝑛

6. Let 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑋3 , … . 𝑋𝑛 be a random sample from a population with

population density function 𝑓(𝑋, 𝛳) = 𝛳𝑋 𝛳−1 ; 0 < 𝑋 < 1, 𝛳 > 0. Find
the sufficient estimator for 𝛳.

7. Let 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑋3 , … . 𝑋𝑛 be a random sample from 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) population with

1 𝑋−𝜇 2
2 1 − ( )
p.d.f 𝑓(𝑋, 𝜇, 𝜎 ) = 𝑒 2 𝜎 . Find the maximum likelihood
√2𝜋𝜎
estimator of 𝜇.

8. Let 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑋3 , … . 𝑋𝑛 be a random sample from 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) population with

1 𝑋−𝜇 2
2) 1 − ( )
probability density function 𝑓(𝑋, 𝜇, 𝜎 = 𝑒 2 𝜎 . Find the MLE
√2𝜋𝜎
of 𝜎 2

9. Let 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑋3 , … . 𝑋𝑛 be a random sample from exponential

1
distribution 𝑓(𝑋, 𝜆) = 𝑒 −𝜆𝑋 , 𝑥 > 0, 𝜆 < ∞. Find the MLE of λ.
𝜆
[Link] 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑋3 , … . 𝑋𝑛 be a random sample from uniform distribution with
1
population density function 𝑓(𝑋, 𝛳) = , −𝛳 < 𝑋 < 𝛳. Obtain the
2𝛳
estimator of 𝛳 by the method of moments.

[Link] mean and variance of a random sample of 64 observation were

computed as 160 and 100 respectively. Compute the 95% confidence
limits for population mean.

12. A random sample of 700 units from a large consignment and in that 200
were damaged. Find 95% confidence limit for the proportion of damage
units in the consignment.

[Link] of 20000 customer saving account a sample of 600 account was

taken to test the accuracy of hosting and balancing where in 45 mistakes
were found assign limits with in no of defective case can be expected
95% level. Find out the confidential limit for 95% significant level.

14. A research worker wishes to estimate the mean of population by using

sufficiently large sample. The probability is 0.95 that the sample mean
will not differ from the true mean by more than 25% of the standard
deviation. How large a sample should be taken?

15.A manufacturing concern to estimate the average amount purchase of its

products in a month by the customers. If the standard deviation is Rs. 10.
Find sample size, if the maximum error is not to exceed Rs. 3 with
probability of 0.99.

16.A random sample of 100 articles selected from a batch of 2,000 articles
shows that the average diameter of the articles 0.354 with standard
deviation 0.048. Find 95% confidence interval for the average of this
batch of 2,000 articles.

17.A random sample of 100 articles selected from a large batch of articles
contain 5 defective articles. Set up 99 percent confidence limits for the
proportion of defective items in the batch.

[Link] mean and variance of e random sample of 64 observations were

computed as 160 and 100 respectively. If the investigator wants to be
95% confidence that the error in the estimate of population mean should
not exceed ±1.4, how many additional observations are required?
19.A random sample of 500 pineapples was taken from a large consignment
and 65 of them were found to be bed. Show that the standard error of the
proportion of bad ones in a sample of this size is 0.015.

20.A random sample of 100 articles selected from a large batch of articles
contain 5 defective articles. If the batch contains 2669 items, set up 95%
confidence interval for the population of defective items.

21.A research worker wishes to estimate the mean of population by using

sufficiently large sample. The probability is 0.95 that the sample mean
will not differ from the true mean by more than 25% of the standard
deviation. How large a sample should be taken?

UNIT – 4 /5– Test of Hypothesis

1. A stenographer claims that she can take decision at the rate of 120 wpm.
Can wen reject her claim on the basis of 100 trails in which she
demonstrate a mean of words with standard deviation of α=5%.
2. It is claimed that a random sample of 100 tyres with with the mean life
15269kms is drawn from a population of tyres which has a mean life of
15200kms and standard deviation of 1248kms. Test the validity of the
claim at 1% level of significance.
3. A weighing machine without any display was used by an average of 320
persons a day with a standard deviation of 50 persons. When an
attractive display was used on the machine, the average for 100days
increased by 15 persons. Can we say that the display did not help much?
Use a level of significance of 0.05.
4. A coin is tossed 900 times and had appeared 490 times. Does this result
support the hypothesis that a coin is unbiased? Use 5% level of
significance.
5. A sample of 400 parts manufactured by a factory, the number of
defective parts was found to be 30. The company, however, claimed that
at most 5% of their product is defective. Is the claim tenable?
6. In a random sample of 400 persons from a large population, 120 are
females. Can it be said that males and females are in ratio 5:3 in the
population? Use 1 % level of significance.
7. In big city 325 men out of 600 men were found to be smokers. Does this
information support the conclusion that the majority of men in this city
are smokers?

8. In order to make a survey of the buying habits, 2 makers A & B are

chosen at 2 different part of city. 400 women shoppers are chosen are
 random in market A. Their average daily expenditure on food is found to
be Rs.250 with standard deviation Rs.40. The figure are Rs.220 and
Rs.55 in the market B, where also 400 female shoppers are chosen at
random. Test at 1% liberal of significance weather the daily food
expenditure of the two population of shoppers are equal.

9. A radio shop sells, on an average 200 radios per day with standard
deviation 50 radios. After an extensive advertising campaign, the
management will compute the average sales for the next 25 days to see
whether an improvement has occurred. Assume that the daily sales of
radio is normally distributed. Test the hypothesis at 5 % level of
significance if the sample average is 216.

[Link] information is related to 2 places A and B test. Whether there

is any significance between their mean wages. Use α=5%.
A B
Mean Wages 47 49
Standard Deviation 28 40
No. of Workers 1000 1500
11. The mean yield of 2 sets of plots and their variability are as given
below. Examine whether the difference in the variability in the yields in
significance at 5% level of significance.
Set of 40 plots Set of 60 plots
Mean Yield per plot 1258 lb 1243 lb
S.D per plot 34 28

12.A company has head office at Kolkata and a branch at Mumbai. The
personal director want to know if the workers at the two places would
like the introduction of a new plan work and a survey has conducted for
this purpose. Out of sample of 500 workers at Kolkata 62% favor the
new plan. At Mumbai out of 400 workers 41% were against the new
plan. Is there any significance difference b/w the two groups in their
attitude towards the new plan at 5% level?
13.A machine puts out 16 imperfect articles in the sample of 500, after the
machine is overhauled it puts out 3 imperfect articles in the batch of 100.
Has the machine improved? use a 5% level of significance.
[Link] manufacturer of television tubes knows from the past experience
that the average life of a tube is 2,000 hours with a s.d of 200 hours. A
sample of 100 tubes has an average life of 1,950 hours. Test at 5% LOS
whether the sample came from a normal population of mean 2,000 hours.
[Link] do you mean by (i) level of significance (ii) critical values
[Link] the procedure for testing of hypothesis
[Link] a city a sample of 1000 people were taken and out of them 540 are
vegetarian and the rest are non-vegetarian. Can we say that both habits of
eating are equally popular in the city?
[Link] heights of six randomly chosen sailors are in inches : 63, 65, 68, 69,
71, 72. Those of 10 randomly 61, 62, 65, 66, 69, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73. Test
whether the sailors are on the average taller than soldiers
19. In a random sample of 500 men 300 are found to be smokers. In another
random sample of 1000 men 550 are found to be smokers. Do the data
indicate that the two set of men are significantly different with respect to
the prevalence of smoking among men
20.A simple sample of heights of 6,400 Englishmen has a mean of 67.85
inches and a s.d of 2.56 inches, while a simple sample of heights of
1,600 Indians has a mean of 68.55 inches and a s.d of 2.52 inches. Does
the data indicate that Indians are on the average taller than Englishmen?
[Link] one sample of 10 observations from a normal population, the sum of
squares of deviations of the sample values from the sample mean is
102.4 and in another sample of 12 observations from another normal
population the sum of squares of deviations of the sample values from
the sample mean is 120. Examine whether the two normal populations
have the same variances