LISTS (Mutable Collection Data type) :
List is a sequence of values of any type. Values in the
list are called elements/items.
•List is enclosed in square brackets.
•List is a collection which is ordered and changeable.
• Allows duplicate members.
•List are mutable means , you can change the
elements of a list in place and it does not create a fresh
list when you make changes to an element.
Ex : lst = ['a',1,'b',3,5,'zero']
Ex. LISTS
[] #empty list
[1,2,3] # Numeric list
[ 1, 2.5 ,3.7 , 9] # mixed numbers
[‘a’,’b’,’c’,’d’] # list of characters
['a',1,'b',3,5,'zero'] # mixed list
[‘Ram’, ‘sita’, ‘shyam’] # list of strings
[ 1,2,3,[5,6],4,7 ] # Nested lists
For creating lists :
-we can give list values directly in square brackets
Or
- use list ( ) function.
Creating lists from existing sequences (ways) :
1) lst = list (‘HELLO’)
print (lst)
Output : [‘H’ ,’E’ ,’L’,’L’,’O’]
2) Using List () function :
lst = list(input(“Enter list elements”))
print(lst)
# On execution you will see:
Enter list elements : 234567
Output : [2,3,4,5,6,7]
3) Using eval ( ) function :
lst = eval(input(“Enter list values inform of list”))
print (lst) #On execution you will see:
Enter list elements : [2,3,4,5,6,7]
Output : [2,3,4,5,6,7]
How to access elements of a list ?
A list is made up of various elements which need to be
individually accessed on the basis of the application it is
used for.
There are 2 ways to access an individual element of a
list:
1) List Index 2) Negative Indexing
List Index :
•A list index is the position at which any element is
present in the list.
•Index starts from 0, so if a list has 5 elements the
index will start from 0 and go on till 4.
Negative Indexing :
•Python allows negative indexing for its sequences.
• The index of -1 refers to the last item, -2 to the
second last item and so on.
Functions used on Lists :
1) append( ) : Will add elements to existing list.
lst=[ ]
[Link] (10)
[Link] (20)
print (lst) #output is [10,20]
Appending a existing list :
lstr=[30,40,50]
[Link] (lstr)
print (lst) #output is [10,20,30,40,50]
Functions used on Lists :
2) insert( ) : Can insert elements on position specified.
lst =[30,40,50]
[Link] (0,’ Ram’)
print (lst) #output is [‘Ram’,30,40,50]
[Link](4,45.67) #output is [‘Ram’,30,40,50,45.67]
3) extend ( ) : Can add multiple elements at a time.
lst=[30,40,50]
[Link] ([60,70,”Shyam”,”AI”])
# output is [30,40,50,[60,70,”Shyam”,”AI”] ]
Functions used on Lists :
4) remove( ) : Can remove element according to value
entered.
lst =[30,40,50]
[Link] (40)
print (lst) #output is [30,50]
5) pop ( ) : Can remove elements from end of list or the
index specified.
lst=[30,40,50,60,70,80]
[Link]( )
print (lst) # output is [30,40,50,60,70]
[Link] (3) # output is [30,40,50,70]
60 is removed from 3 position
Functions used on Lists :
6) index( ) : Returns the index of the value in the list.
lst =[30,40,50,60,70,80]
[Link] (60) # output is 3
7)count( ) : Returns the count of item that given as
argument.
lst=[30,40,50,30,70,30]
[Link](30) # output is 3 times , returns 0
if elements are not there.
8) clear( ): Removes all items from the list . Creates a
empty list.
[Link]( )
print (lst) # output is [ ]
Functions used on Lists :
9) reverse( ) : Function reverses the values of list.
lst =[30,40,50,60,70,80]
[Link]( )
print (lst) #output is [80,70,60,50,40,30]
10) sort( ): function arranges the items in ascending order.
lst=[30,50,20,10,40]
[Link]( )
print (lst) # output is [10,20,30,40,50]
11) copy ( ) : Function creates a copy of the list .
lstr=lst .copy()
# Both lists will have same value
List SLICING :
Slicing means extracting a sub part of the list.
We can use index positions for slicing.
Slicing ways :
Example list : lst= [10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50]
-lst [start index : stop index]
Ex. lstr=lst [3:6] #output is [25,30,35,40]
-lst [ start index : ]
Ex. lstr= lst[ 6: ] # output is [ 40,45,50]
- lst [ start index :stop index : step ]
Ex. lstr= lst[ 0:8:2] # output is [ 10,20,30,40,50]
- lst [ start negative index : stop : - step]
Ex. lstr= lst[-6:-1] # output is [ 25,30,35,40,45,50 ]
- lst [ start index : stop : - step]
Ex. lstr= lst[8:0:-1] # output is a reverse list of original
Replicating lists :
- lst = [1,2,3]
>>> lst * 3 #output [1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3]
Joining two list (concatenation) :
- lst = [1,2,3] - lstr = [4,5,6]
>>> l=lst + lstr # output l=[ 1,2,3,4,5,6]
Comparing lists :
- lst = [1,2,3] - lstr = [4,5,6]
>>> lst = =lstr #output is FALSE
- lst = [1,2,3] - lstr = [1,2,3]
>>> lst = =lstr #output is TRUE
Accessing list using loop :
1) lst = [‘p’ , ’y ’ ,’t ’,’h ’,’o ’,’n ’] # can be numbers also
for ch in lst:
print (ch) #output : all characters on new lines
2) lst = [‘p’ , ’y ’ ,’t ’,’h ’,’o ’,’n ’]
for i in range (0,6) :
print (lst[i]) # same output but using index
3) lst = [‘p’ , ’y ’ ,’t ’,’h ’,’o ’,’n ’]
for i in range (0,len(lst)) :
print (lst[i]) # same output but using index
4) lst = [‘p’ , ’y ’ ,’t ’,’h ’,’o ’,’n ’]
L =len(lst)
for i in range (L) :
print (lst[i]) # same output but using index
Program to count vowels & consonants in a list :
vo=0
con=0
lst=[‘a’ ,’b ’,’c ’,’e ’,’u ’,’i ’ , ‘o ’,’d ’,’t ’]
for ch in lst:
if ch==‘a’ or ch==‘e’ or ch==‘i’ or ch==‘o’ or ch==‘u’:
vo=vo+1
else:
con=con+1
print (“Number of vowels = ”, vo)
print (“Number of consonants = “,con)
Program to calculate sum of digits in a list :
s=0
lst=[1,5,4,6,8,9,7,3,4,2]
for ch in lst:
s=s+ch
print (“sum of numbers in list is =“,s)
Program to calculate average of numbers in a list :
s=0
av=0
lst=[1,5,4,6,8,9,7,3,4,2]
for ch in lst:
s=s+ch
av= s/len(lst)
print (“Average of numbers in list is =“,av)