Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE - O
1. Ans. (B)
cos−1{√𝑥} > 0 and − 1 ≤ {√𝑥} ≤ 1 and 𝑥 ≥ 0
It is true It is true
𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞)
2. Ans. (A)
 −D 
Range of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 when 𝛼 < 0 is  − , −
 4a 
−∞, < −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 ≤ 4
log function is defined only when
0 < −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 ≤ 4
−∞ < log 2 (−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3) ≤ 2
∵ sin−1 𝑀 is defined only when − 1 ≤ 𝑀 ≤ 1
So, −1 ≤ log 2 (−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3) ≤ 1

( (
−  sin −1 log 2 − x2 + 2x + 3 
2 2
))
 
Range of function 𝑓(𝑥) is  − , 
 2 2
3. Ans. (C)
∵ 0 ≤ 𝑥2 < ∞
 −∞ < 1 − 𝑥 2 ≤ 1
 0 < 1 − 𝑥2 ≤ 1 ( )
(to define log e 1 − x2 )
 −∞ < log 𝑒 (1 − 𝑥 2 ) ≤ 0

2
( (
 cot −1 log e 1 − x2 )) 
 
So Range of function 𝑓(𝑥) is  , 
 2 
4. Ans. (C)
𝑓(𝑥) = cot −1 √(𝑥 + 3)𝑥 + cos −1 √𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
to define of cot −1 √(𝑥 + 3)𝑥
 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥) ≥ 0 …(1)
+ – +
–3 0
𝑥 ∈ (−0, −3] ∪ [0, ∞)
to define of cos −1 √𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
0 ≤ 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 ≤ 1

[ 53 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
−1 ≤ 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 ≤ 0
−1 ≤ (𝑥)(𝑥 + 3) ≤ 0 …(2)
from (1) and (2)
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 = 0
𝑥 = 0, −3
domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = {0, −3}
5. Ans. (B)

 1 − sin x + 1 + sin x 

cot −1   x
 1 − sin x − 1 + sin x 
  2

 
We know that sin x  cos y ∀ x   , 
4 2
 
cos x  sin y ∀ x   0, 
 4 
 x x x x 
 sin 2 − cos 2 + sin 2 + cos 2  x  
= cot −1    , 
 sin x − cos x − sin x + cos x  2 4 2
 2 2 2 2 
 x x x x  x 
 sin − cos + sin + cos   2sin 
= cot −1  2 2 2 2 = cot −1 2
x x x x   
 sin − cos − sin − cos   −2cos x 
 2 2 2 2  2
 tan x   x
= cot −1  −  = − tan −1  − tan 
 2  2  2
x
= +
2 2
6. Ans. (A)

3𝜋
2
𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
2
−1
sin (sin 5) = 5 − 2𝜋
sin−1(sin 5) > 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 < 5 − 2𝜋
 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2𝜋 − 5 < 0
Roots of Quardatic 
 2 
 (𝑥 − 2 − √9 − 2𝜋 )(𝑥 − 2 + √9 − 2𝜋 ) < 0  x − 4x + 2 − 5 = 0 
 
x = 2  9 − 2 
+ve −ve +ve
2 − √9 − 2𝜋 2 + √9 − 2𝜋

(
 x 2 − 9 − 2 ,2 + 9 − 2 )
[ 54 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
7. Ans. (B)
(𝑥)(𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 − 7) = 2
(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥)(3𝑥 − 7) = 2
3𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 = 2
r
3𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 − 2 = 0 s
t
13
r +s+t =
3
14
rs + st + tr =
3
2
rst =
3
 tan−1(𝑟) + tan−1 (𝑠) + tan−1 (𝑡)
 r+s 
 tan −1   + tan −1 (t )
 1 − rs 
 r+s 
 +t 
 tan −1  1 − rs 
  r+s  
 1 −  1 − rs  t 
   
 r + s + t − rst 
 tan −1  
 1 − rs − rt − st 
 13 2 
 3 −3
−1
 tan  
 1 − 14 
 3 
 11 
 3 
 tan −1  
 −11 

 3 
3
 tan −1 ( −1) =
4
8. Ans. (A)
[cot −1 𝑥]2 − 6[cot −1 𝑥] + 9 ≤ 0
Let [cot −1 𝑥] = 𝑡
𝑡 2 − 6𝑡 + 9 ≤ 0
(𝑡 − 3)2 ≤ 0

𝑡=3 
[cot −1 𝑥] = 3 
[cot −1 𝑥] = 3
𝑥 ∈ (−∞, cot 3] Cot3

[ 55 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
9. Ans. (A)
Put 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 i. e. 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥
∴ cos−1(2 cos 2 𝜃 −) = 2𝜋 − 2𝜃
cos−1(cos 2𝜃) = 2𝜋 − 2𝜃
possible when
0 ≤ 2𝜋 − 2𝜃 ≤ 𝜋
⇒ 0 − 2𝜋 ≤ −2𝜃 ≤ 𝜋 − 2𝜋
 −2  − 2  −
 2 2

  
2

  cos −1 x 
2
 −1  x  0
10. Ans. (C)
y
cos−1 x − cos−1 =
2
 xy  2

 cos−1  +
 2
(1 − x )  1 − y4   =
2

  

 xy + 4 − y 2 − 4 x2 + x2 y 2 
 cos−1  =
 2 
 
 xy + 4 − y2 − 4 x2 + x2 y2 = 2cos 

 4 − y2 − 4 x2 + x2 y2 = 2cos  − xy
Square on both side
 4 − 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = 4 cos2 𝛼 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑦cos 𝛼
 4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑦cos 𝛼 = 4 sin2 𝛼
11. Ans. (C)
 1   1 
tan  + cos −1 x  + tan  − cos −1 x 
4 2  4 2 
1
Let cos −1 x =
2
 cos−1 𝑥 = 2𝜃 ⇒ 𝑥 = cos 2𝜃
   
 tan  +  + tan  − 
4  4 

tan + tan tan − tan

4 4  tan A + tan B 
= +  tan(A + B ) = 
 1 − tan A tan B 
1 − tan tan 1 + tan tan
4 4
1 + tan 1 − tan  
= +  tan = 1
1 − tan 1 + tan  4 

[ 56 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
(1 + tan )2 + (1 − tan )2
=
(1 − tan )(1 + tan )
1 + tan2 + 2tan + 1 + tan2 − 2tan
=
1 − tan2
2 + 2tan2
=
1 − tan2
 1 + tan2  2 2  1 − tan2 
= 2 = =  cos2 = 
 1 − tan  cos2 1 + tan2 
2
x 
12. Ans. (A)
 1+ x 
= 2 arc tan  
 1− x 
1+ x 
= 2tan −1  
 1− x 
 
Put 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 > 1    , 
 4 2 
 1 + tan 
 2tan −1  
 1 − tan 
  
= 2tan −1  tan  +  
 4 
    3 
= 2 + −  as +   , 
4   4 2 4 
3 3
 2 −  2tan −1 x −
2 2
 1− x 
2
 = arc sin −1  2 
 1+ x 
 1 − x2 
 sin−1  2 
 1+ x 
 1 − x2 
 − cos−1  2 
2  1+ x 

 –1  1 − x 
2


 (
− 2tan −1 x ) as cos  2 
= 2tan −1 x for x  0
2 
  1+ x  

 3   −1 
+ =  2tan −1 −  +  2 − 2tan x  = −
 2   
13. Ans. (A)
1
Let = tan −1
5
1
tan =
5
 1 
tan  2tan −1 − 
 5 4

[ 57 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
 
 tan  2 − 
 4

tan2 − tan
 4 = tan2 − 1
 1 + tan2
1 + tan2 tan
4
2tan 
Now tan2 =
1 − tan2 
1 2
2
= 5 = 5  10 = 5
1
2
24 24 12
1−  25
5
5
−1
tan2 − 1 12 −7
 = 
1 + tan2 5 17
1+
12
14. Ans. (B)
 r (( r + 1)!) 
tan −1  
 ( r + 1) + (( r + 1)!)2 
 
 (( r + 1)!)   
 r   
r +1 r( r !)
= tan −1   = tan −1  
 ( ( r + 1)!)   ( r + 1)! 
2
 
 1+   1 +  r + 1  (( r + 1)!) 
 r +1     
 ( r + 1 − 1)r ! 
= tan −1  
 1 + ( r !)( r + 1)! 
 ( r + 1)!− r ! 
= tan −1  
 1 + ( r !)( r + 1)! 
  x− y  
= tan−1 ( r + 1)! − tan −1 ( r !)  tan −1  −1
 = tan x − tan
−1
y
  1 + xy  


  tan ((r + 1)!) − tan

r =0
−1 −1
( r !)

= tan−1 (1!) − tan−1 (0!)

+ tan−1 (2!) − (tan−1 (1!)
+ tan−1 (3!) − tan−1 (2!)
+

tan−1 (𝑛 + 1)! − tan− 𝑛!

 limtan−1 (( n + 1)!) − tan −1(0!)
n →

 − tan −1 1
2
 − =
2 4 4

[ 58 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
15. Ans. (A)
 2r + 1 
tan −1  4 
 r + 2r + r + 1 
3 2

 2r + 1 
 tan −1  

2
(
 1 + r r 2 + 2r + 1 ) 

 (r 2 + 2r + 1) − r 2 
 tan−1  
 1 + r (r + 2r + 1) 
2 2

  x− y  
 tan−1 (𝑟 2 + 2𝑟 + 1) − tan−1 𝑟 2  tan −1  −1
 = tan x − tan
−1
y
  1 + xy  
n

  tan
r =1
−1
( r + 1)2 − tan −1 r 2 

 tan−1 22 − tan−1 12
+ tan−1 32 − tan−1 22
+ tan−1 42 − tan−1 32
+

+ tan−1 (𝑛 + 1)2 − tan−1 𝑛2

 tan−1 (𝑛 + 1)2 − tan−1 1

n →
(
lim tan −1 ( n + 1)2 − tan −1 1 = ) − =
2 4 4
16. Ans. (B,C)
f ( x ) = e x , g ( x ) = sin−1 x
𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1(𝑒 𝑥 )
Domain of 𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥)
−1  e x  1  −  x  0
& domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is R
Domain of 𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) is 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 0]
Range of 𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥)
∵ 𝑒 𝑥 ∈ (0,1]∀𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 0]
 
 sin −1 ( e x )   0, 
 2
Option (B) & (C) are correct
17. Ans. (A,B,C,D)
f ( x ) = sin−1 ( tan x ) + cos−1 (cot x )

𝑓(𝑥) is defined then

−1 ≤ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ≤ 1 …(i)
and −1 ≤ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞) …(ii)

[ 59 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
From (i) & (ii)

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 1, −1  f ( x) =
2

 x = n  , n I
4

For n  I , 𝑓(𝑥) is periodic with period
2

Also for diff. value of 𝑛, we have diff. values of 𝑥 for which f ( x ) =
2
Hence it is many one function.
18. Ans. (B,C)
   
  1    1
−1  
 p
sin  2cos −1    + cos  2tan    =
  5    3  q
  
   
 1  1
 = 2cos −1   : = 2tan −1  
 5 3
1 2 1
 cos = ,sin = : tan =
2 5 2 5 2 3

1 − tan2
 sin = 2sin cos : cos = 2
2 2
1 + tan2
2
1
1−
2
4 1 9= 8 =4
 sin = 2   = : cos =
5 5 5 1 10 5
1+
9
8
 sin + cos =
5
 𝑝 = 8, 𝑞 = 5
 ( p − q ) = (3)
2k +1
, k n
 2𝑘 + 1 ∈ odd no.
Unit digit place of 32𝑘+1 are 3,7
19. Ans. (A,B)
1 1  1  −1  2 
3tan −1   + tan −1   + sin −1   + cos  
3 2  5  5
1 1 1 1
 3tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1  
3 2 2 2
 1  1 
 3  tan −1   + tan −1   
 3  2 
 1 1 
 +  3
 3tan −1  3 2  = 3tan −1 (1 ) =
 1 − 1  1  4
 3 2
Option A & B are correct
[ 60 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
20. Ans. (A,C)
 1 
= 2tan −1 3 − 2 2 + sin −1  
 6− 2
 6+ 2
( )
2
 2tan−1 2 − 1 + sin−1  
 4
 
 3 +1 
 2tan−1 ( )
2 − 1 + sin−1 
 2 2 
 
5 2
 2 + =
8 12 3

  = cot −1 ( 3 −2 +) 18 ( − sec −1 ( 2) )
(( 1
8

  = cot −1 − 2 − 3 +  − 
3
))
5 7 2
= − + = + =
12 12 12 2 3
 −1  1 
 1 
  = tan −1 
 2
−1  1 
 + cos 
 3
 cos 
  3
 = tan
−1
( 2 )
 1 
 + 2 
  = tan −1  2 =
 1− 1  2  2
 
 2 
Option (A) & (C) are correct.
21. Ans. (A,C)
 x  4− x  2
sin−1  + sin−1  + tan−1 y =
 2   2  3
   
Domain 𝑥 ≥ 0 & 4 − 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑥 ≥0&𝑥 ≤4
𝑥 ∈ [0,4], 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅
 x  x 
 sin−1   = tan−1 
 2   4 − x 
   
 4− x   4− x 
 sin−1   = tan −1  
 2   x 
  
Now,
 x   4− x  2
tan−1  + tan−1  −1
 + tan y =
 4 − x   3
   x 
 x 4− x 
 + 
−1  4− x x  + tan −1 y = 2
 tan
 x 4− x  3
1 −  
 4− x x 

[ 61 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
2
 + tan −1 y =
2 3
1
 y=
3
1 1
(x 2
+ y2 ) min
=0+ =
3 3
1 49
(x 2
+ y2 ) max
= 16 + =
3 3
22. Ans. (C)
Three one function mean of type

→ atleast one such → not allowed

Graphically,

𝑦1 𝑥1
𝑦1
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥2
𝑥3

(A) 𝑦 = |ℓ𝑛|𝑥||
It’s four one

(B) 𝑦 = 𝑒 |𝑥|
𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑒 |𝑥|

It is two one

[ 62 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
(C) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 6
dy dy
= 3x2 + 6 x − 7 has 𝐷 > 0 so two zeroes of
dx dx

(0,6)

Three one

(D) 𝑦 = cos(cos−1 𝑥)

0 1

23. Ans. (A)

𝑦 = sin−1(sin𝑥)

𝜋 3𝜋
−
−2𝜋 −𝜋 2 2
3𝜋 0 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
−
2 2

Line indicating three - one

−𝜋

0 0

24. Ans. (B)

𝑦
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑏)

𝑥
𝑎 𝑏1 𝑏2

𝑏1 & 𝑏2 are two other position of 𝑏.

[ 63 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
25. Ans. (A,C,D)
1 3  −1 3 3
= 2tan −1 + sin −1  sin = tan −1 
2 5  5 4
1 1 3
 = tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1  
2 2 4
1 3
1  + 
 = tan −1   + tan −1  2 4 
2  1 − 3 
 8
1
 = tan −1   + tan −1 ( 2) = cot −1 ( 2) + tan −1 ( 2)
2

 =
2
 12  4  16 
 = sin −1   + cos −1   + cot −1  
 13  5  63 
 12  3  63 
 = tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1  
 5  4  16 
 12 3 
 +   63 
 = + tan  5 4  + tan −1  
−1
12 3
1 − +   16 
 5 4
 −63  −1  63 
 = + tan −1   + tan  16 
 16   
 63   63 
 = − tan −1   + tan −1  
 16   16 
 =
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
x − ax + b = 0
2

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 2sin cos = b

2sin + cos = a 𝑏 = −2
𝑎=1
26. Ans. (A,B,D)
(
cot −1 x2 − 2x )
(
 cot −1 x2 − 2x + 1 − 1 = cot −1) ( ( x − 1) − 1)
2

 ( x − 1) − 1 −1,  )
2

 cot −1 (( x − 1) − 1)  0, 34 

2

3
 c =0, d =
4

[ 64 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
27. Ans. (C)

(R) ( )
tan −1 sin2 − 2sin + 3 + cot −1 5sec2 y + 1 = ( ) 2

( )
 tan −1 ( sin − 1) + 2 + cot −1 5sec2 y + 1 =
2
( ) 2

Recall that tan −1 + cot −1 =

2
= ( sin − 1 ) + 2 = 5sec2 y + 1
2
So,

 ( sin − 1) + 1
2
= 5sec2 y
1,5 5,

Think,
 sec2 y  1  5sec2 y  5
& −1  sin  1  −2  sin − 1  0
 0  ( sin − 1 )  4
2

 1  ( sin − 1 ) + 1  5
2

So, LHS = RHS = 5 (only)

sec y = 1& sin = −1
2

 cos2 y − sin = 1 − ( −1) = 2

Match (R) → (2)
28. Ans. (A)
(P) sin−1 x2 + tan−1 x2 = 2k + 1; k 
As 0 ≤ 𝑥 2 ≤ 1
 
So, sin −1 x2  0, 
 2
 
And tan −1 x2  0, 
 4
Both sin −1 x2 & tan −1 x2 are increasing in 0  x2  1
So, sin−1 x2 + tan−1 x2 =0+0 =0
min

3
& sin −1 x2 + tan −1 x2 = + =
max 2 4 4
3
So, 0  2k + 1  2.3
4
So, integral value of k satisfying is/are k 0
Number of values of 𝑘 = 1
Match of (P) → (1)

[ 65 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics

−1  k 
 2
(Q)  cot  
k =1 8
 k2  8
𝑘th term, Tk = cot −1   = tan −1 2
8 k
2
= tan −1 2
k
2
 
2
= tan −1
 k2 
1 +  2 − 1
2 
2
= tan −1
k  k 
1 +  − 1  + 1 
2  2 

  x− y  

 Think of tan −1  −1 −1
 = tan x − tan y ; x , y  0

  1 + xy  

 k  k  
  2 + 1 −  2 − 1 
So, Tk = tan −1      
  k  k 
 1 +  2 − 1  2 + 1  
   
k  k 
 Tk = tan −1  + 1  − tan −1  − 1 
2  2 
 k +2  k −2
So, Tk = tan −1   − tan −1  
 2   2 
3  −1 
 T1 = tan −1   − tan −1  
2
   2 
4 0
 T2 = tan −1   − tan −1  
2 2
5 1
 T3 = tan −1   − tan −1  
2 2
6 2
 T4 = tan −1   − tan −1  
2 2
2nd term of 𝑇1 to 𝑇4 are left
7 3
 T5 = tan −1   − tan −1  
2 2
8 4
 T6 = tan −1   − tan −1  
2 2
: : :
: : :
: : :

[ 66 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 n −3   n −7 
 Tn −5 = tan −1   − tan −1  
 2   2 
 n −2   n −6 
 Tn − 4 = tan −1   − tan −1  
 2   2 
n  n−4
 Tn −2 = tan −1   − tan −1  
2  2 
 n +1   n −3 
 Tn −1 = tan −1   − tan −1  
 2   2 
1st term of Tn −3 to Tn are left
 n+2  n +1  n  n −1  1 1
So, S n = tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1 − 0 − tan −1 − tan −1 1
 2   2  2  2  2 2
1 1
So, S = + + + + tan −1 − 0 − tan −1 − tan −1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
7 p
=2 − = =
4 4 q
Hence, |𝑝 − 𝑞| = |7 − 4| = 3
(Q) → (3)
1− x 
(S) f ( x ) = sec −1  
 2 
1− x 1− x
  1 or  −1
2 2
 1 − |𝑥| ≥ 2 or 1 − |𝑥| ≤ −2
 −1 ≥ |𝑥| or 3 ≤ |𝑥|
 |𝑥| ≥ 3
 x ( − , −3  3,  )
𝑥least positive = 3
Match (S) → (3)
29. Ans. (A → p ; B → p ; C → p ; D → s)
+
(A) a , b, c  x + y + z = xyz

a (a + b + c) b (a + b + c) c (a + b + c )
= tan−1 + tan −1 + tan −1
bc ca ab
Think, Here if
a (a + b + c) a+b+c
 x= =a
bc abc
b(a + b + c) a+b+c
 y= =b
ca abc
c (a + b + c) a+b+c
 z= =c
ab abc

[ 67 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
3

& observe, x+ y+ z =
( a + b + c )2
1
( abc ) 2
3

& xyz = ( abc )

( a + b + c )2
3
( abc )2
3

=
( a + b + c )2
1
( abc )2
So, x + y + z = xyz
 tan −1 x + tan −1 y + tan −1 z =
(A) → (P)
1   1 2tan A 
(B) E1 = tan −1  tan2 A  = tan −1  . 
 2 1 − tan A 
2
2 
 tan A 
= tan −1   0 A
 1 − tan A 
2
4
 cot A + cot 3 A 
(
E2 = tan −1 ( cot A) + tan −1 cot 3 A = + tan −1  ) 
 1 − cot [Link] A 
3

 cot A 1 + cot 2 A
= + tan  −1 ( ) 
 1 − cot 4 A 
 
 cot A 
= + tan −1  
 1 − cot A 
2

 tan A 
= + tan −1  
 tan A − 1 
2

 tan A 
= − tan −1  
 1 − tan A 
2

Think, If 𝑥 > 0; 𝑦 > 0 & 𝑥𝑦 > 1

 x+ y 
Then tan −1 x + tan −1 y = + tan −1  
 1 − xy 

Here, x = cot A & y = cot 3 A & 0  A 

4
So, cot A  1 & cot A  1 3

i.e. 𝑥𝑦 > 1
So, required expression = E1 + E2 =
(B) → (P)
(C) If 𝑥 < 0, then
1

E = cos−1 ( 2x2 − 1 ) + 2cos−1 x
2

Let cos−1 x =  cos = x

[ 68 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

As −1  x  0 so,  
2
( )
Now, cos−1 2x2 − 1 = cos−1 2cos2 − 1 ( )
= cos−1 (cos2 ) = 2 − 2
= 2 − 2cos−1 x
 
 as     2  2 
 2 
𝑦

𝑦=𝑥 𝑦 = 2𝜋 − 𝑥

𝑥
𝑂 𝜋 2𝜋

1
So, E =
2

2 − 2cos−1 x + 2cos−1 x = 
(C) → (P)
3  12   16 
(D) sin −1   − cos −1   + cos −1  
5  13   65 
3  5   63 
= tan −1   − tan −1   + tan −1  
4  12   16 

3 5 5 13 63 65
𝛼 𝛽 𝛾
4 12 16

 3 5 
 −   −1 
 63  −1  x − y 
= tan −1  4 12  + tan −1   −1
 tan x − tan y = tan   x , y  0
 1 + 3  5   16    1 + xy  
 4 12 
 36 − 20   63 
= tan −1   + tan −1  
 48 + 15   16 
 16   63 
= tan −1   + tan −1  
 63   16 
 16   16 
= tan −1   + cot −1  
63
   63 

=
2
(D) → (S)

[ 69 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
30. Ans. (P → 2; Q → 1; R → 4; S → 3)

(P) sin −1 x + sin −1 (2x ) =

3
To satisfy above equation, clearly ‘𝑥’ must be positive.

 sin −1 x + sin −1 (2x ) =

3

 sin −1 (2x ) = − sin −1 x

3
Take sin both sides
 
( )
sin sin −1 ( 2 x ) = sin  − sin −1 x 
 3 

2x =
2
3
( 1
)
1 − x2 − · x
2
5x 3
= 1 − x2
2 2
 squaring both sides
(
25x2 = 3 1 − x2 )
 28 x2 = 3
3
 x2 =
28
3
 x=
2 7
 1   1   2
(Q) tan −1   + tan −1   = tan −1  2 
 1 + 2x   1 + 4x  x 
Let 𝑥 > 0
 1 1 
 + 
tan −1  1 + 2x 1 + 4 x  = tan −1  22 
  1  1   x 
 1 −  1 + 2x  1 + 4 x  
   
2 + 6x 2
 =
8 x2 + 6 x x2
3x + 1 2
 =
4x + 3 x
 3x2 + x = 8 x + 6
 3x2 − 7 x − 6 = 0
 3x2 − 9 x + 2x − 6 = 0
 (3x + 2)( x − 3) = 0
 x =3
[ 70 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
(R) tan −1 ( x − 1) + tan −1 x + tan −1 ( x + 1) = tan −1 (3x )
tan −1 ( x − 1) + tan −1( x + 1) = tan −1(3x) − tan −1( x)
 ( x − 1) + ( x + 1)  −1  3 x − x 
tan −1   = tan  2 
 1 − ( x − 1)   1 + 3x 
2

 2x   2x 
tan −1  2 
= tan −1  2 
 2− x   3x + 1 
2x 2x
= 2  x =0
2 − x 3x + 1
2

2 − x2 = 3x2 + 1
4 x2 = 1
1 1
x2 =  x = 
4 2

(S) 3cos−1 x = sin −1 ( 1 − x2 .(4 x2 − 1) )

𝑥 must be  0
 3 
If 𝑥 < 0, then LHS lies in  ,3 
 2 
 −  
And RHS lies in  , 
 2 2
Let x = cos 
 
 = cos−1 x  0, 
 2
LHS 3cos−1 (cos ) = 3

( (
RHS sin−1 sin . 4cos2  − 1 ))
3 = sin−1 (sin . (3 − 4sin ))
2

(
3 = sin−1 3sin − 4sin3 )
3 = sin−1 (sin(3 )) …(1)

(1) Is true only if 0  3 
2

0
6
  3 
0  cos–1𝑥   x ,1
6  2 

[ 71 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
EXERCISE - S
1. Ans. (2)
−1  1 − x 
2
 2x 
f ( x) = sin −1  2 
+ cos  2 
 1+ x   1+ x 
 2 1  −1  1 − 1 
2
f (1) = sin −1  2 
+ cos  2 
 1+1   1+1 
 sin−1 1 + cos−1 0
 + =
2 2
 2 2  −1  1 − 2 
2
f (2) = sin −1  2 
+ cos  2 
 1+2   1+2 
4  −3 
 sin −1 + cos −1  
5  5 
4 3
 tan −1   + − cos −1   {∵ cos−1 (−𝑥) = 𝜋 − cos−1 𝑥}
3 5
4 4  x x 
 tan −1   + − tan −1    sin −1   = tan −1 
3 3   y y 2 − x2 
 x y 2 − x2 
=𝜋  cos −1   = tan −1 
  y x 
𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2) = 2𝜋 = 𝑘𝜋
𝑘 =2
2. Ans. (20)
 2   16 
cos −1   = − cos −1  
 x  2  x 
taking cos both sides
 12   16 
 cos cos −1   = cos  − cos −1 
 x  2 x 
12  16 

x
= sin  cos −1
 x 
 cos cos–1 x = x 
2
12  16 
 = 1− 
x  x 
on squaring
2 2
 12   16 
   =1− 
 x   x 
144 256
 2 =1− 2
x x
144 + 256
 =1
x2
 𝑥 2 = 400
 𝑥 = ±20
but 𝑥 > 0 so 𝑥 = 20

[ 72 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
3. Ans. (0)
 a 2 a3 
( )
sin −1 1 + b + b2 + ... + cos−1  a − + ...  =
3 9
  2
for above expression to be defined
−1 ≤ 1 + 𝑏 + 𝑏 2 + ….∞ ≤ 1
which is only possible for 𝑏 = 0
If 𝑏 = 0
a 2 a3  −1 −1 
 a− + ... = 1 sin 1 + cos 1 = 
3 9  2
a
 = 1  3𝑎 = 3 + 𝑎
a
1+
3
 2𝑎 = 3
3
 a = (Not integer)
2
So no integral ordered pairs (𝑎, 𝑏) are possible.
4. Ans. (0)
1
cos−1 x − sin −1 x − 1 + cos−1 1 − x − sin −1 =
x 2
First we find domain of the expression
x0 

x − 1  0  Domain 𝑥 = 1
1 − x  0
Now check for 𝑥 = 1
1
cos−1 1 − sin −1 1 − 1 + cos−1 1 − 1 − sin −1 =
1 2

 0−0+ − = Not satisfying

2 2 2
So, no solution.
5. Ans. (1)
2 sin−1 𝑥 + cos−1(1 − 𝑥) = 0
sin−1 𝑥 should be less than or equal to 0
−1  x  0,
and − 1  1 − x  1
 –1  x –1  1
 0 x 2
Domain 𝑥 = 0
Put 𝑥 = 0
sin−1 0 + cos −1(1 − 0) = − sin−1(0)
⇒𝑥=0
So, 𝑥 = 0 is the only solution.

[ 73 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
6. Ans. (1)
 x 2 x3   x 4 x6 
sin −1  x − + .......  + cos−1  x2 − + .......  =
 2 4   2 4  2
   
 x   x2 
 sin −1  −1
 + cos  2
=
 1 + x  1+ x  2
 
 2  2 

−1  2x 
2
−1  2x 
 sin   + cos  2 
=
 2+ x   2+ x  2
Now for above expression to be designed
2x 2x2
 =
2 + x 2 + x2
⇒ 𝑥(2 + 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥 2 (2 + 𝑥)
⇒ 2𝑥 + 𝑥 3 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 1
for 0 < |𝑥| < √2
𝑥≠0
So 𝑥 = 1 is the only solution.
7. Ans. (53)
𝑦 = sin−1(sin 8) − tan−1(tan 10) + cos −1 (cos 12) − sec −1(sec 9) +
cot −1(cot 6) − cosec −1 (cosec7)
sin−1(sin 8) = 3𝜋 − 8
tan−1 (tan 10) = 10 − 3𝜋
cos−1(cos 12) = 4𝜋 − 12
sec −1(sec 9) = 9 − 2𝜋
cot −1 (cot 6) = 6 − 𝜋
cosec −1 (cosec 7) = 7 − 2𝜋
𝑦 = (3𝜋 − 8) − (10 − 3𝜋) + (4𝜋 − 12) − (9 − 2𝜋) + 6 − 𝜋 − (7 − 2𝜋)
⇒ 3𝜋 + 3𝜋 + 4𝜋 + 2𝜋 − 𝜋 + 2𝜋 − 8 − 10 − 12 − 9 + 6 − 7
⇒ 13𝜋 − 40 = 𝑎𝜋 + 𝑏
𝑎 = 13, 𝑏 = −40
𝑎 − 𝑏 = 13 − (−40) = 53
8. Ans. (1)
 10   2 
sin −1 sin   + cos −1 cos  −1
 + tan tan10 = a + b
 3   3 
   
 sin −1 sin  3 +  + cos −1 cos  7 +  + tan −1 tan10
 3  3
   
 sin −1  − sin  + cos −1  − cos  + 10 − 3
 3   3 

[ 74 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
  2 
 sin −1 sin  −  + cos −1 cos   + 10 − 3
 3  3 
2
 − + + 10 − 3
3 3

 + 10 − 3
3
−8
 + 10
3
−8
 a= , 𝑏 = 10
3

 −8 
3     10
3ab  3 
  =1
80 80

9. Ans. (1)

f ( x ) = sin −1 ( 2x ) +
6
Domain
(i) −1 ≤ 2𝑥 ≤ 1
1 1
 −  x …(i)
2 2

(ii) sin −1 (2x ) + 0 & −  sin −1 ( 2x ) 

6 2 2

 sin −1 ( 2x )  − & −1  2 x  1
6
1 1 1
 2x  − & −  x
2 2 2
1 1 1
 x− & −  x
4 2 2
1 1
 −  x …(ii)
4 2
(i) ∩ (ii)
1 1
 x   − , 
 4 2

1 1
 =− , =
4 2
 4( + ) =1

[ 75 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
10. Ans. (2)

( )
tan −1 e− x + cot −1 ( nx ) =
2

𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑦 = |ℓ𝑛𝑥|
(0,1)
𝑥
(1,0)

Total no. of point of intersections of 𝑒 −𝑥 & |ℓ𝑛𝑥| are 2

No. of solution = 2
11. Ans. (4)
1
tan −1 x + cot −1   + 2tan −1 z =
 y
( )
 tan tan−1( x) + tan−1 y = tan ( − 2tan−1 z )
x+ y 2z
 =−
1 − xy 1 − z2
 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑧 2 + 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 2 = −2𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑧
 𝑥𝑧 2 + 𝑦𝑧 2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧
Comparing with 𝑥𝑧 2 + 𝑦𝑧 2 + 𝜆𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝜇𝑧
𝜆 = 2, 𝜇 = 2
𝜆+𝜇 =4
12. Ans. (23)
 5 2
cot  cosec–1 + tan −1 
 3 3
 3 2  −1 5 −1 3 
 cot  tan −1 + tan −1   cos ec 3 = tan 4 
 4 3  
  3 2 
 −1
 4 + 3   −1 −1 −1  A + B  
 cot  tan    tan A + tan B = tan  
  3 2    1 − AB  
  1 −  
  4 3 
  9 + 8 12     17  
 cot  tan −1     = cot  tan −1   
  12 6    6 
  6  6
 cot  cot −1    =
  17   17

[ 76 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
EXERCISE - JEE (Main) PYQ
1. Ans. (1)
 2   3  3
cos −1   + cos −1   = , x 
 3x   4x  2 4
 3   2 
 cos −1   = − cos −1  
 4x  2  3x 
 3   2
 cos−1   = sin −1  
4
 x  3x 
 3   4 
 cos−1   = cos−1  1 − 2  (∵ sin−1 𝑥 = cos −1 √1 − 𝑥 2 )
 4x   9x
 
3 4
 = 1− 2
4x 9x
Square both side
9 4
 2
=1− 2
16 x 9x
9 4
 2
+ 2 =1
16 x 9 x
9 4 2
 + =x
16 9
81 + 64
 x2 =
16  9
145 145
 x= x=
12 12
2. Ans. (1)
𝑥 = sin−1 (sin 10)
= sin−1 [sin(3𝜋 + 𝜃)]
= sin−1 (− sin 𝜃)
𝑥 = −𝜃
𝑦 = cos −1 (cos 10)
= cos−1[(cos(3𝜋 + 𝜃)]
= cos−1(− cos 𝜃)
𝑦 =𝜋−𝜃
∴ 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝜋 − 𝜃 − (−𝜃)
=𝜋
3. Ans. (3)
19   n 
cot  cot −1  1 +  2 p  

n =1   p =1  
19
= cot  cot −1 (1 + n ( n + 1)) ) 
n =1

19
 1 
= cot  tan −1  2 
n =1  n + n +1 
[ 77 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
19
 1 
= cot  tan −1  
n =1  1 + n( n + 1) 
19
 ( n + 1) − n 
= cot  tan −1  
n =1  1 + n( n + 1) 
19
= cot   tan −1 ( n + 1) − tan −1 n 
n =1

( )
= cot (tan−1 2 − tan−1 1) + (tan−1 3 − tan−1 2) + ..... + tan−1 20 − tan19 

= cot tan−1 20 − tan−1 1

  20 − 1  
= cot  tan −1  
  1 + 20  
 19 
= cot tan −1  
 21 
 21 
= cot cot −1  
 19 
21
=
19
4. Ans. (4)

tan −1 2x + tan −1 3x =
4
 tan −1  2 x + 3 x  =
 1 − 2x  3x  4
5x  
 = tan  
1 − 6 x2 4
5x
 =1
1 − 6 x2
 5𝑥 = 1 − 6𝑥 2
 6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1 = 0
 (6𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
1
 x = , 𝑥 = −1
6
1
 x= ∵𝑥≥0
6
5. Ans. (3)
 12  3
sin −1   − sin −1  
 13  5
 12  12 5
Let sin −1   = A  sin A = , cos A =
 13  13 13
3 3 4
sin −1   = B  sin B = , cos B =
5 5 5
Now sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

[ 78 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
12 4 5 3
=  − 
13 5 13 5
48 − 15
=
65
33 56
 sin( A − B ) =  cos( A − B ) =
65 65
56
 
 A − B = cos −1  
 65 
 56 
 A − B = cos −1  
 65 
6. Ans. (4)
1 1  1 
S = tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + ......
3 7  13 
  −1   3−2   11 − 10 
= tan −1   + tan −1   + .... + tan −1  
 1 + 1.2   1 + 2.3   1 + 10.11 
( ) ( ) (
= tan−1 2 − tan−1 1 + tan−1 3 − tan2 + .... + tan −1 11 − tan10 )
−1 −1
= tan 11 − tan 1
 11 − 1 
S = tan −1  
 1 + 11 
10 5
tan S =  tan S =
12 6
7. Ans. (1)
 | x | +5 
f ( x ) = sin  2 
 x +1 
For domain :
| x | +5
−1  2 1
x +1
Since |𝑥| + 5 & 𝑥 2 + 1 is always positive
| x | +5
So 2  0 x  R
x +1
So for domain :
| x | +5
1
x2 + 1
 |𝑥| + 5  𝑥 2 + 1
 0  𝑥 2 –|𝑥| – 4
 1 + 17   1 − 17 
 0  | x | −  | x | − 
 2  2 

1 + 17 1 − 17
 | x| or | x |  (Rejected)
2 2
 1 + 17   1 + 17 
 x   − , −  ,
 2   2 
   
1 + 17
So, a =
2

[ 79 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
8. Ans. (3)
 4  5  16  
2 −  sin −1   + sin −1   + sin −1   
 5  13   65  
 4  5  16  
= 2 −  tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   
 3  12   63  
  63   16  
= 2 −  tan −1   + tan −1   
  16   63  
 3
= 2 − =
2 2
9. Ans. (4)
 
∵ 1  sin x + cos x  2 , x  0, 
 2 
tan−1 (1) ≤ tan−1 (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥) ≤ tan−1 √2
∴ 𝑀 = tan−1 √2 & 𝑚 = tan−1 (1)
 𝑀 − 𝑚 = tan−1 √2 − tan−1 (1)
 2 −1 
 M − m = tan−1 
 2 + 1 
 
2 −1 2 −1
 tan ( M − m ) = 
2 +1 2 −1
2
= (√2 − 1)
= 3 − 2√2
10. Ans. (2)
50
 1  50 −1  2 
 tan
r =1
−1
 2r 2  =  tan  4r 2 
  r =1  
50
 (2r + 1) − (2r − 1) 
=  tan −1  
r =1  1 + (2r + 1)(2r − 1) 
50
=   tan −1 (2r + 1) − tan −1 (2r − 1)
r =1

( ) (
= tan−1 3 + tan−1 5 + tan−1 7 + ....... + tan−1 101 − tan −1 1 + tan −1 3 + ....... + tan −1 99 )
= tan−1 101 − tan−1 1
 101 − 1 
= tan −1  
 1 + 101 
 100 
= tan −1  
 102 
 50 
= tan −1  
 51 

[ 80 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
11. Ans. (1)

∵ tan −1 a + tan −1 b = , 0 < 𝑎, 𝑏 < 1
4
 a+b 
 tan −1  =
 1 − ab  4
a+b  
 = tan  
1 − ab 4
a+b
 =1
1 − ab
 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 − 𝑎𝑏
 (𝑎 + 1)(𝑏 + 1) = 2 …(1)
Now
 a2 + b2   a3 + b3 
 ( a + b) −  +  .........
 2   3 
 a 2 a3   b2 b3 
=  a − + + ........  +  b − + + ........... 
 2 3   2 3 
= log (1 + a) + log(1 + b))

= log (1 + a)(1 + b)
= log(2) using (1)
12. Ans. (3)
 3x2 + x − 1   x −1 
f ( x ) = sin −1  2 
+ cos −1  
 ( x − 1)   x +1 
x −1
−1  1  0  𝑥 <  …(1)
x +1
3x2 + x − 1  −1 1 
−1   1  x   ,   0 …(2)
( x − 1)2
 4 2
(1) & (2)
1 1
 Domain =  ,   0
 4 2
13. Ans. (2)
 1  3 
cosec 2tan −1   + tan −1   
 5  4 

  5   3 
cosec  tan −1   + tan −1   
  12   4 

  56   65
= cosec  tan −1    = option (2)
  33   56

[ 81 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
14. Ans. (4)
 1 
2sin −1  2 
∵ −1   4x − 1   1

 1 
 −  sin −1  2 
2  4x − 1  2
1
 −1  1 …(1)
4x − 1
2

Case-I
1
  −1
4x − 1
2

1
 +10 + − − +
4x − 1
2

1 0 1
1 + 4 x2 − 1 −
 0 2 2
4 x2 − 1
4 x2
 0
4 x2 − 1
 x   − , −1    1 ,    {0}
 2 2  
Case-II
1
 1
4x − 1
2

1
 −1  0
4x − 1
2

1 − 4 x2 + 1
 0 + − + − +
4 x2 − 1
1 1 1 1
2 − 4 x2 − −
 0 √2 2 2 √2
4 x2 − 1
4 x2 − 2
 0
4 x2 − 1
 −1   1 1   1 
 x   − ,  − ,  ,
 2   2 2  2 
15. Ans. (1)
(tan−1 𝑥)3 + (cot −1 𝑥)3

( a + b) = a + b + 3ab ( a + b)
3 3 3

= (tan−1 𝑥 + cot −1 𝑥)3 − 3 tan−1 𝑥 cot −1 𝑥 (tan−1 𝑥 + cot −1 𝑥)

3
   
=   − 3tan −1   − tan −1 x  
2 2  2
3
   3  
=   − tan −1 x  − tan −1 x 
2 2 2 

[ 82 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
3
3    
( )
2
=  tan −1 x − tan −1 x  +  
2  2  2
2
3    33 3
=  tan −1 x −  − +
2 4 32 8
3 2
3  
=  tan −1 x −  +
2 4  32
3
7 3
 S
32 8
3
7
 k 3  3

32 8
1 7
 k
32 8
16. Ans. (3)
3  4 2  4 
cos−1  cos  tan −1  + sin  tan −1  
 10  3 5  3 
3  3 2  4 
= cos−1  cos  cos−1  + sin  sin −1  
 10  5 5  5 
 3 3 2 4
= cos −1   +  
 10 5 5 5 
9 8
= cos −1  + 
 50 25 
 9 + 16 
= cos −1  
 50 
 25 
= cos −1  
 50 

=
3
17. Ans. (4)
x2 − 5x + 6
−1  1
x2 − 9
x 2 − 5x + 6
 −1  0
x2 − 9
1
 0
x +3
 x( −3,  ) …(1)
x − 5x + 6
2
 +1  0
x2 − 9
2x + 1
 0
x +3
 1 
 x ( − , −3)   − ,   …(2)
 2 

[ 83 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
after taking intersection
 1 
 x  − ,  
 2 
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 > 0
 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 1) ∪ (2, ∞)
 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 ≠ 1
3 5
 x
2
after taking intersection of each solution
 1  3 + 5 3 − 5 
 
  − ,1   (2, ) −  , 
 2   2
 2 
18. Ans. (2)
−2 4
f ( x) = − − 6x − 2
1− x 2 1 + x2
 1 2 
= −2  + + 3 x + 1
 1− x 1+ x
2 2

𝑓′(𝑥) < 0  𝑓(𝑥) is a dec. function
𝑓(1) =  + 5
𝑓(– 1) = 5 + 5
Range : [𝑎, 𝑏]  [ + 5, 5 + 5]
𝑎 =  + 5, 𝑏 = 5 + 5  4𝑎 – 𝑏 = 11 – .
19. Ans. (29)
 1 1  1 −1 
50tan  3tan −1 + 2cos −1  +4 2 tan  tan 2 2 
 2 5 2 
 1 1  1 
= 50tan  tan −1 + 2(tan −1 + tan −1 2)  +4 2 tan  tan −1 2 2 
 2 2   2 
 1   1
= 50tan  tan −1 + 2. )  +4 2 
 2 2  2
 1
= 50  tan tan −1  + 4
 2
= 25 +4 = 29
20. Ans. (2)
 x2 
𝑓(𝑥) = 4sin–1  2 
 x +1 
x2 + 1 − 1 1
=1− 2  [0,1)
x +1
2
x +1
Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = [0, 2)

[ 84 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
21. Ans. (3)
 1+ 3   8+4 3 
tan−1  + sec −1
 
 3 + 3   6 +3 3 
   
−1  1  −1  2  
= tan   + sec  =
 3  3 3
22. Ans. (2)
Case I : 𝑥 > 0
2x 2x 
tan −1 + tan −1 =
1− x 2
1− x 2
3
x = 2− 3
Case II : 𝑥 < 0
2x 2x 
tan −1 + tan −1 +=
1− x 2
1− x 2
3
−1
x=  =2
3
23. Ans. (1,3)
a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = ..... = a2022 − a2021 = 1.

 a −a   a −a   a −a 
 tan −1  2 1  + tan −1  3 2  + ..... + tan −1  2022 2021 
 1 + a1 a2   1 + a2 a3   1 + a2021 a2022 

( )
=  tan−1 a2 − tan−1 a1  + tan−1 a3 − tan−1 a2  + ….. +  tan−1 a2022 − tan−1 a2021 

= tan−1 a2022 − tan−1 a1


= tan −1 ( 2022) − tan −1 1 = tan −1 2022 − (option 3)
4
  
=  − cot −1 ( 2022)  −
 2  4

= − cot −1 ( 2022) (option 1)
4
24. Ans. (4)
 
sin −1 sin  −  − sin −1 sin    0
2 

 sin −1 sin  
4
1
 sin  
2
  3 
So,   , 
4 4 
  3 
  ,  = ( a , b )
4 4 

[ 85 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics

b−a ==  −
2

=−
2
 x2 +x + sin−1 ( x − 3) + 1 + cos−1 ( x − 3) + 1 = 0
2 2

   

x = 3, 9 + 3 + + 0 = 0
2
  
 9 + 3   −  + = 0
 2 2
 12 −  = 0

=
12
25. Ans. (1)
4 3
cos−1 = tan −1
5 4
 77 3 
 − 
 77 3
sin −1 = tan −1 − tan −1 = tan −1  36 4 
17 36 4  1 + 77 . 3 
 36 4 
 8 8
sin −1 = tan −1 = sin −1
17 15 17
 8
 = =8
17 17
sin−1 (sin8) + cos−1 (cos8)
= 3 − 8 + 8 − 2
=

EXERCISE - JEE (Advanced) PYQ

1. Ans. (B)
23 𝑛
−1
𝑐𝑜𝑡 (∑ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (1 + ∑ 2𝑘 ))
𝑛=1 𝑘=1
23
2𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (∑ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (1 + ))
2
𝑛=1
23
1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (∑ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 )
1 + 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
𝑛=1
23
(𝑛 + 1) − 𝑛
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (∑ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 )
1 + 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
𝑛=1
23

= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (∑(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1(𝑛 + 1) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑛))

𝑛=1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2 4 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1)
23 25 25
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )) =
25 23 23

[ 86 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
2. Ans. (B)
1
2 2
1 𝑦2
+
1 √1+𝑦2 √1+𝑦2
(P) 𝑦2
+ 𝑦4
√1−𝑦2
𝑦
+
𝑦
√1−𝑦2
( ( ) )
1
2 )𝑦 2 (1 2) 2
(1 + 𝑦 −𝑦
⇒ (( ) + 𝑦4)
𝑦2
1
⇒ ((1 − 𝑦 4 ) + 𝑦 4 )2 = 1
(Q) 𝐴(cos𝑥, sin𝑥), 𝐵(cos𝑦, sin𝑦) & 𝐶(cos𝑧, sin𝑧) lie on circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
  (0,0) is circumcentre as well as centroid of Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶
 Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 is an equilateral triangle 𝐴
2𝜋
𝑦−𝑥 =
3
𝑦−𝑥 𝜋 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 =
2 3 2 𝑧– 𝑦
𝜋 𝜋
(R) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( − 𝑥) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( − 𝑥)) 𝐵 𝐶
4 4
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥(1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥)
√2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥(1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥)
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 (√2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 2(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)) = 0
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 or 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = √2
⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = ±1 or 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 = ±√2
(S) 𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 √1 − 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1(𝑥√6))
|𝑥| √6𝑥
= (𝑥 > 0)
√1 − 𝑥 2 √1 + 6𝑥 2
⇒ 6 − 6𝑥 2 = 1 + 6𝑥 2
5 √5
⇒ 𝑥=√ =
12 2√3
3. Ans. (3)
𝑦
𝑦=𝑐𝑜𝑠 –1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)

𝑦= 10–𝑥 /2
10
(0,1)
𝑥
/2     
10–𝑥 =1– 𝑥
𝑦=
10 10
10−𝑥
from above figure it is clear that 𝑦 = and 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠−1( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) intersect at 3 distinct
10
points, so number of solutions = 3.

[ 87 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
4. Ans. (B,C,D)
6 4
𝛼 = 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 & 𝛽 = 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠−1
11 9
6 1 6 1 6 1 𝜋
∵ > ⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 > 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ⇒ 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 > 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 =
11 2 11 2 11 2 2
𝜋
∴ 𝛼>  𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 < 0
2
4
Now, 𝛽 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠−1
9
4 1 4 1
∵ < ⇒ 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 > 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
9 2 9 2
∴𝛽 >𝜋
 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 < 0 & 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 < 0
𝜋
Now, 𝛼 is slightly greater than & 𝛽 is slightly greater than 𝜋
2
 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 + 𝛽) > 0
5. Ans. (2)
∞
𝑥2
∑ 𝑥 𝑖+1 =
1−𝑥
𝑖=1
∞ 𝑖
𝑥 𝑥
∑( ) =
2 2−𝑥
𝑖=1
∞
𝑥 𝑖 –𝑥
∑ (– ) =
2 2+𝑥
𝑖=1
∞
–𝑥
∑(– 𝑥)𝑖 =
1+𝑥
𝑖=1
To have real solutions
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
𝑖+1
𝑥 𝑖 –𝑥 𝑖
∑𝑥 – 𝑥 ∑ ( ) = ∑ ( ) − ∑(−𝑥)𝑖
2 2
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1
2
𝑥 𝑥2 –𝑥 𝑥
− = +
1−𝑥 2−𝑥 2+𝑥 1+𝑥
𝑥(𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 – 2) = 0
 𝑥 = 0 and let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥– 2
1 1
𝑓 ( ) . 𝑓 (– ) < 0
2 2
Hence two solutions exist.
6. Ans. (A)
𝑥
𝐸1 : >0
𝑥−1
⇒ 𝐸1 : 𝑥 ∈ (– ∞, 0) ∪ (1, ∞) + – +
𝑥 0 1
𝐸2 : – 1 ≤ ℓ 𝑛 ( )≤1
𝑥+1
𝑥 1
Now − ≥0
𝑥−1 𝑒
[ 88 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
(𝑒 – 1)𝑥 + 1
⇒ ≥0
𝑒(𝑥 − 1)
+ – +
–1/(e–1) 1
1
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (– ∞ , ] ∪ (1, ∞)
1−𝑒
𝑥
Also – 𝑒≤0
𝑥−1
(𝑒 − 1)𝑥 − 𝑒
≥0
𝑥−1
+ – +
1 e/(e–1)
𝑒
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (– ∞, 1) ∪ [ , ∞]
𝑒−1
1 𝑒
So 𝐸2 ∶ (– ∞ , )∪[ , ∞]
1−𝑒 𝑒−1
𝑥
as Range of is 𝑅 + – {1}
𝑥−1
 Range of 𝑓 is 𝑅 – {0} or (– ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
–𝜋 𝜋
Range of 𝑔 is[ , ] \{0} or [– 𝜋2 , 0) ∪ (0, 𝜋2]
2 2
Now P → 4, Q → 2, R → 1, S → 1
Hence A is correct.
7. Ans. (0.00)
10
−1
1 1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ∑ )
4 7𝜋 𝑘𝜋 7𝜋 (𝑘 + 1)𝜋
𝑘=0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( + ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( + )
12 12 12 2
7𝜋 (𝑘 + 1)𝜋 7𝜋 𝑘𝜋
10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( + − ( + ))
1 12 2 12 2
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐−1 ∑
4 7𝜋 𝑘𝜋 7𝜋 (𝑘 + 1)𝜋
𝑘=0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (12 +
2
) . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (12 + 2
)
( )
10
1 7𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋 𝑘𝜋
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐−1 ( (∑ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( + (𝑘 + 1) ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( + )))
4 12 2 12 2
𝑘=0
1 11𝜋 7𝜋 7𝜋
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐−1 ( (𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( + ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )))
4 2 12 12
1 7𝜋 7𝜋
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐−1 ( (− 𝑐𝑜𝑡 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ))
4 12 12

1 1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐−1 ( (− 7𝜋 7𝜋
))
4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠
12 12

1 1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐−1 (− × 7𝜋
) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐−1(1) = 0.00
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛
6

[ 89 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
8. Ans. (A,B)
n
 x 
Sn ( x ) =  tan−1  
k =1  1 + kx ( kx + x ) 
n
 ( kx + x ) − ( kx ) 
=  tan −1  
k =1  1 + ( kx + x )( kx ) 
 nx 
𝑆𝑛 (𝑥) = tan–1(𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥) – tan–1𝑥 = tan–1  
 1 + ( n + 1) x 
2

10 x
– tan–1  1 + 11 x  (𝑥 > 0)
2
(A) 𝑆10 (𝑥) = tan–1 =
1 + 11 x 2
2  10 x 
1  1 2
+ 1 +  x
(B) lim cot(𝑆𝑛 (𝑥)) = lim
n  n  = 𝑥 (𝑥 > 0)
n→ n → x
3x
(C) 𝑆3 (𝑥) = tan–1 =  4𝑥 2 – 3𝑥 + 1 = 0  𝑥  
1 + 4 x2 4
nx
(D) tan(𝑆𝑛 (𝑥)) = ;𝑛1;𝑥>0
1 + ( n + 1) x2
nx 1
We need to check the validity of  𝑛1;𝑥>0;𝑛
1 + ( n + 1) x 2
2
 2𝑛𝑥  (𝑛 + 1)𝑥 2 + 1
 (𝑛 + 1)𝑥 2 – 2𝑛𝑥 + 1  0  𝑛  1 ; 𝑥 > 0 ; 𝑛  
Discriminant of 𝑦 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑥 2 – 2𝑛𝑥 + 1 is
𝐷 = 4𝑛2 – 4(𝑛 + 1) and 𝑛  
𝐷 < 0 for 𝑛 = 1 ; true for 𝑥 > 0
𝐷 > 0 for 𝑛  2   some 𝑥 > 0 0
for which 𝑦 < 0 as both roots of
𝑦 = 0 will be positive.
𝑦 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑥 2 – 2𝑛𝑥 + 1, 𝑛  2
So, 𝑦  0  𝑛  1 ;  𝑥 > 0 ; 𝑛  𝑁 is false.
9. Ans. (2.35 or 2.36)
2
cos−1 = tan −1
2+ 2
2

2 + π2


2

 
 2 

−1 2 2
 −1  2 
sin  = sin
 2 + 2   2 
   1 +   
 

  2 

[ 90 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 
= − 2tan −1  
 2
 −1  2 x  
 As , sin  2 
= − 2tan −1 x , x  1 
  1+ x  
2  
and tan −1 = cot −1  
 2
3  1  −1  
 Expression =  tan −1  +  − 2tan
−1
 + cot  
2 2  4 2  2
3 2
=  −  tan −1 + + cot −1
 2 4  2 4 2
    
=  tan −1 + cot −1 +
 2 2 4
3
= + =
2 4 4
= 2.35 or 2.36
10. Ans. (3)
2 cos x = [Link] −1 ( tan x )
cos x = tan−1 tan x
𝑦

𝑦 = |𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥|

𝑥
–3/2 – –/2 0 /2  3/2
𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛–1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)

No. of solutions = 3
11. Ans. (C)
Case-I : 𝑦  (–3,0)
 6y   6 y  2
tan −1  2 
+  + tan −1  2 
=
 9− y   9− y  3
 6y  
2tan −1  2 
=−
 9− y  3
y2 − 6 3 y − 9 = 0  y = 3 3 − 6 ( 𝑦  (–3,0))
Case-I : 𝑦  (0,3)
 6 y  2
2tan −1  2 
=  3 y2 + 6 y − 9 3 = 0
 9 − y  3
y = 3 or y = −3 3 (rejected)
sum = 3 + 3 3 − 6 = 4 3 − 6

[ 91 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
JEE (Main) Practice Paper
SECTION–A
1. Ans. (1)
f ( x ) = sin –1 ( x –1 –2) . For domain – 1  |𝑥 – 1| – 2  1

1  |𝑥 – 1|  3  𝑥 – 1  [–3, –1]  [1, 3]  𝑥  [–2, 0]  [2, 4]

2. Ans. (4)
 –1  𝑥  1 ...(1)
𝑥𝑅 ...(2)
𝑥  –1 or 𝑥  1 ...(3)
By (1)  (2)  (3)
 𝑥  {–1, 1}
3. Ans. (4)
cosec–1 (cos𝑥) is defined if
cos𝑥  1 or cos 𝑥  −1  cos𝑥 = 1  𝑥 = 𝑛
4. Ans. (1)
 1  1
𝑓(𝑥) = sin–1  x 2 +  + cos–1  x 2 − 
 2  2

 1  5 5
Domain :–1   x 2 −   1  𝑥   − ,
 2  2 2 
 

 1  3 3
and – 1   x 2 +   1  𝑥   − ,
 2  2 2 
 
 3 3  3
 domain is 𝑥   − ,  or 𝑥 2  0, 
 2 2  2

 1
if (i) 𝑥 2  0,  , then 𝑓(𝑥) = 
 2
1 
if (ii) 𝑥 2   ,1  , then 𝑓(𝑥) = 
2 
 3
if (iii) 𝑥 2  1,  , then 𝑓(𝑥) =   range = {}
 2
5. Ans. (4)
  𝑥  2
cos–1 cos 𝑥 = 2 – 𝑥
6. Ans. (2)
  2
sin–1 𝑥 + sin–1 𝑦 = – cos–1 𝑥 – cos–1 𝑦 + =  – (cos–1 𝑥 + cos–1 𝑦) =
2 2 3

 cos–1 𝑥 + cos–1 𝑦 =
3

[ 92 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
7. Ans. (4)

 = sin–1 𝑥 + cos–1 𝑥 – tan–1 𝑥 = – tan–1 𝑥
2
Domain 𝑥  [–1, 1] But given 𝑥  0

 𝑥  [0, 1]   = – tan–1𝑥 = cot–1𝑥
2
 
for 𝑥  [0, 1]  
4 2
8. Ans. (2)
 3 3 −3
= cot  + sin −1  = – tan sin −1 =
2 5 5 4
9. Ans. (3)
tan2 (sec–1 2) + cot2 (cosec–1 3)  tan2 (tan–1 3 ) + cot2 (cot–1 8 ) 3 + 8 = 11
10. Ans. (3)
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 – tan2
𝑓′(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 3 > 0  𝑥  𝑅  𝑓(𝑥) is increasing and has exactly one real root
𝑓(0) = – tan 2 = positive
𝑓(–1) = – 1 – 3 – tan2 = – 4 – tan2 = negative
  lies between (–1,0)
 , (–1,0)
1  
Now cot–1 + cot–1 – = cot–1  +  + tan–1 – = 
 2 2
11. Ans. (1)
Here, 𝑥  [0,4]
Now, we have
 x  x 2 1
sin–1  + cos–1  + tan –1 𝑦 = 𝑦=
 2   2  3 3
   
1 49
 Maximum value of (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 16 + =
3 3
1 1
and minimum value of (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = (0)2 + =
3 3
12. Ans. (2)
1
By property if 𝑥 < 0 tan–1 = cot–1 𝑥 – 
x
1  1 
 tan–1 𝑥 + tan–1 = tan–1 𝑥 + cot–1 𝑥 –  = –   tan–1 𝑥 + tan–1 =–
x 2 x 2
13. Ans. (2)
 1  1
sin–1 𝑥 + cot–1  1  =  sin–1 𝑥 + cos–1 =  𝑥=
2 2 5 2 5

[ 93 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
14. Ans. (2)
x x
–
3 3 = tan–1 x – tan–1 x ; 0  𝑥  3.
𝑓(𝑥) = tan–1 2
x 3 3
1+
3 3
x  
Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) = tan–1    range of 𝑓(𝑥) is 0, 
3  4
15. Ans. (1)
Given that cot–1 ( cos  ) – tan–1 ( cos  ) = 𝑥 ...(i)

We know that, cot–1 ( cos  ) + tan–1 ( cos  ) = ...(ii)
2
On adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
x
cot−1
  x 2
2 cot–1 ( cos  ) = + 𝑥  cos  = cot  +   cos  =
2 4 2 1 + cot
x
2
x x 
cos − sin 1 − tan2
2 2 1 − sin x 2 = 1 − sin x
 cos  =  cos  = 
x x 1 + sin x  1 + sin x
cos + sin 1 + tan2
2 2 2

Applying componendo and dividendo rule, we get sin 𝑥 = tan2  
2
16. Ans. (3)
Given that, sin–1 𝑥 = 2 sin–1 
   
Since, –  sin–1 𝑥  –  2 sin–1  
2 2 2 2
 
 –  sin–1    sin  −      sin   
4 4  4 4
1 1 1
–   || 
2 2 2
17. Ans. (3)
𝑓(𝑥) = cot–1𝑥 𝑅 + →  0 ,   ;𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 – 𝑥 2 𝑅→𝑅
 2
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = cot–1 (2x – x2 ) , where 𝑥  (0, 2) & 2𝑥 – 𝑥 2  (0, 1]
  
hence 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))   , 
4 2 
18. Ans. (1)
   
cos −1  sin  x +  
  3 
𝑓(𝑥) = e
    3  7
Domain –1  sin  x +   1 + 𝑥+   𝑥
 3 2 3 2 6 6

[ 94 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 4 − 2cos x  4 − 2cos x
𝑔(𝑥) = cosec–1    1
 3  3
1   5 
Or cos 𝑥  𝑥  , 
2 3 3 
−1      3
cos−1  −1,
  7  cos  sin  x +  
  3  

2 
Domain of ℎ(𝑥) : 𝑥   ,   ℎ(𝑥) = e =e range of ℎ(𝑥) : [e/6 , e ]
3 6 
19. Ans. (2)
( )
tan sin −1 x  1 or ( )
tan sin −1 x  −1
   − −
sin −1 x   − ,   sin −1 x 
 2 2  2 4
1
 x 1 …(1)
2
  1
 sin −1 x  −1  x  − …(2)
4 2 2
From (1) & (2)
 −1   1 
x   −1,   ,1
 2  2 
20. Ans. (1)
 1 − a2  −1  1 − b 
2
2tan −1 x = cos −1  2  − cos  2 
𝑎 > 0, 𝑏 > 0
 1+ a   1+b 

Let, a = tan  , b = tan  , b = tan  , 0  , 
2
 1 − a2  −1  1 − tan  
2
cos−1  2 
= cos  2
−1
 = cos cos2 = 2 2(0, )
 1+ a   1 + tan  
 1−b 2
−1  1 − tan  
2
cos−1  2 
= cos  2 
= cos−1 cos2 = 2 2(0, )
 1+b   1 + tan  
 2tan−1 x = 2 − 2
tan  − tan  a −b
 x= =
1 + tan  tan  1 + ab

SECTION–B
1. Ans. (1)
cos–1 x + cos–1 y + cos–1 z = 
– 1  𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧  1
let 𝑥 = cos 𝐴, 𝑦 = cos 𝐵, 𝑧 = cos 𝐶
where 0  𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶  
𝐴+𝐵+𝐶=
x2 + y2 + z 2 + 2xyz = cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2C + 2 cos A cos B cos C
 1 + cos2 A 
=   2  + 2 cos A cos B cos C

3 1
= + (–1 – 4 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 cos 𝐶) + 2 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 cos 𝐶 = 1
2 2

[ 95 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
2. Ans. (30)
Case-I : 𝑥  0
Let cot–1 𝑥 = 
 
    0,   𝑥 = cot 
 2
1 1 1
 sin  =  sin–1 sin  = sin–1   = sin–1
1 + x2 1+ x 2
1 + x2
Case-II : 𝑥 < 0
Let cot–1 𝑥 = 
 
    ,    cot  = 𝑥
2 
1 1 1
 sin  =  sin–1 sin  = sin–1   –  = sin–1
2 2
1+ x 1+ x 1 + x2
1
  =  – sin–1
1 + x2
Therefore,
 −1 −1 1
 cos tan sin sin , if x  0
 1 + x2 1
LHS =  = cos tan–1 sin sin–1 ;
cos tan −1 sin   − sin −1 1 
, if x  0 1 + x2
 
 
  1 + x2 
1
𝑥  𝑅 = cos tan–1
1 + x2
1
Let  = tan–1
1 + x2
1   1 1 + x2
As  (0, 1]     0,   tan  =  cos  =
1 + x2  4 1 + x2 2 + x2
3. Ans. (1)
sin−1 x  cos−1 x
2sin−1 x  sin−1 x + cos−1 x

 y=
2sin −1 x  4
2

sin −1 x 
4
1
 x 1
2
4. Ans. (3)
 3sin2  
sin–1  =
 5 + 4cos2  2
Taking sin on both side
3sin2 6tan   1 − tan2  
= 1  3sin2 = 5 + 4 cos2  = 5 + 4  2 
5 + 4cos2 1 + tan2   1 + tan  
tan2 – 6 tan + 9 = 0  tan = 3

[ 96 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
5. Ans. (20)
Given equation is |cos 𝑥| = sin–1 (sin 𝑥)–  𝑥  
2 𝑦 = sin−1 sin𝑥
𝜋/2
𝑦 = |cos𝑥|

−𝜋 −𝜋/2 0 𝜋/2 𝜋

Number of solution = 2 in –  𝑥  
So number of solutions = 20 in –10  𝑥  10
6. Ans. (6)
1
𝑓(𝑥) =
( x − 1) cos (2 x + 1) tan 3 x
−1

here – 1  2𝑥 + 1 < 1  – 2  2𝑥 < 0  – 1  𝑥 < 0  𝑥  [–1, 0)

But 𝑥  – 1 as |𝑥| – 1  0
 𝑥  (–1, 0)
for 𝑥  (–1, 0), (|𝑥| – 1) is –ve
 tan 3𝑥 < 0
   
0 > 3𝑥 > – or 𝑥   − , 0 
2  6 
     
Domain :  − , 0   (–1, 0)   − 6 , 0
 6   
7. Ans. (5)

(cot x ) − 5(cot x ) + 6  0
2
−1 −1

( cot x − 2)(cot x − 3)  0
−1 −1

cot −1 x  2 or cot −1 x  3
x( cot 2, ) x( −,cot3)

𝑦=𝜋

𝑦=3

 
𝑦=2
 0, 2 
 

8. Ans. (5)
n  n 
cot–1 >  −   cot
 6  6
𝑛 < 3 𝑛𝑁 , 𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 5

[ 97 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
9. Ans. (19)
3
 = cos −1  
5
3
cos  =
 5
4
tan  =
3
1 1
  = tan −1    tan  = 9
3 3
tan  − tan  𝛼−𝛽
 tan( −) =
1 + tan  tan  13
4 1
−
= 3 3
4 1
1+ 
3 3
1
=
9+ 4
9
9
 tan( −) =
13
9
 sin (  − ) =
5 10
 9 
  −  = sin −1  
 5 10 
10. Ans. (2)

 
4n k

 tan −1 ( n + 1) − tan −1 ( n − 1)2

2
tan −1 4 2
= lim
n= 1 n −2n + 2 k →
n =1

k →
 2

  
= lim tan −1 ( k + 1) + tan −1 k 2 − tan −1 1 − tan −1 0
+ − −0 =
2 2 4
=
3
4
 3 + 2   3
Also tan–12 + tan–13 =  + tan–1   = − = , (∵ 𝑥𝑦 = 6 > 1)
 1 − 3.2  4 4

JEE (Advanced) Practice Paper

1. Ans. (B)

 1 − sin x + 1 + sin x   
cot −1   x

 1 − sin x − 1 + sin x 
 2
Rationalize the term in the bracket
 2 + 2 1 − sin2 x   1 − cos x 
= cot −1   = cot–1  
 −2sin x   − sin x 
 
 x   x  x
= cot–1  − tan  = − tan −1  − tan  = + tan −1 tan
 2 2  2 2 2
x    x
since  , = +
2  4 2  2 2

[ 98 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
2. Ans. (D)
 1 + x3 
𝑓(𝑥) = sin–1  3/2  + (
sin(sin x) + log (3x + 1) x2 + 1 )
 2x 
1 + x3
Domain : 3{𝑥} + 1  1 or 0  𝑥  𝐼 and – 1  1
2 x3/2
 –2x3/2  1 + 𝑥 3  2x3/2  1 + 𝑥 3 + 2x3/2  0  (1 + x3/2 )  0
2

 𝑥  𝑅  1 + 𝑥 3 – 2x3/2  0
or (1– x3/2 )  0 or 1– x3/2 = 0
2
or 𝑥 = 1
Hence domain 𝑥  
3. Ans. (A)

( cot )
2
–1
x  –3  0  [cot −1 x] = 3

 3  cot −1 x  4  3  cot −1 x    4
 −  x  cot 3
4. Ans. (B)
Domain 𝐷  [–1, 1]
 −1 1
tan x0
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) =  x many -one
 1 x =0
𝑦

1/4
−1
𝑥
0 1

−1/4

(B) g ( x ) = x3 one - one

−1
0 1

(C) h ( x ) = sin 2x many - one

1
−𝜋/2
0 𝜋/2
−1

 x 
(D) 𝑘(𝑥) = cos   many-one function
 2 

[ 99 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
5. Ans. (B,C,D)
–1
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) = e n(sec x)
= sec–1 x , 𝑥  (–, – 1]  (1, )
g ( x ) = sec–1 x , 𝑥  (–, – 1]  [1, )
non-identical functions
(B) f ( x ) = tan ( tan–1 x ) = x , 𝑥  𝑅

( )
g ( x ) = cot cot –1 x = x , 𝑥  𝑅
identical functions
 1 x 0  1 x 0
 
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑔𝑛 (𝑥) =  0 x = 0  𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑔𝑛(𝑠𝑔𝑛 𝑥) =  0 x = 0
–1 x  0 –1 x  0
 
Identical functions
(D) f ( x ) = cot 2 x . cos2 x , 𝑥  𝑅 – {𝑛 }, 𝑛  𝐼
g ( x ) = cot 2 x –cos2 x

( )
= cot 2 x 1–sin2 x = cot 2 x. cos2 x 𝑥  𝑅 – {𝑛 }, 𝑛  𝐼
Identical functions
6. Ans. (A,B)
9
sin–1 x + sin–1 y + sin–1 z =  𝑥 = 𝑦 = 𝑧 = 1  x100 + y100 + z 100 – 101
= 0.
x + y 101 + z 101
7. Ans. (A,B)
 1 
𝑋 = cosec tan–1 cos cot–1 sec sin–1 𝑎 = cosec tan–1 cos cot–1  
 2
 1– a 
  1  
= cosec tan–1    = 3– a2
2
  2– a  
 1 
again 𝑌 = sec cot–1 sin tan–1 cosec cos–1 𝑎  𝑌 = sec cot–1 sin tan–1  
 2
 1– a 
 1  2 2
= sec cot–1 
 2
 = (3– a )  𝑋 = 𝑌 = 3– a
 2– a 
8. Ans. (C,D)
x2 – x –2  0  satisfies it
 2 –  – 2 > 0  ( – 2) ( + 1) > 0   < – 1 or  > 2
so C & D are correct.
9. Ans. (B,C)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑛(sin–1( log2 x ))
Domain 0 < log2 x  1, 𝑥  (1, 2]
 
Range  − , n 
 2

[ 100 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
10. Ans. (B,C,D)
𝑓 : [–1, 1] → [–1, 1]
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin (sin–1 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥  [–1, 1] Bijective function 𝑦  [–1, 1]
2 2
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin–1 (sin 𝑥) = , 𝑥  [–1, 1]
 
 –2 2 
Not bijective 𝑦  , 
  
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) = (sgn 𝑥) (𝑛 e x )
 x , x(0,1]

= 0 , x =0
– x , x[–1,0)

1

−1 0 1

Not bijective
(D)
1

−1 0 1

f ( x ) = x3sgn x
 x3 , x 0

= 0 , x =0
– x3 , x 0

Not bijective
11. Ans. (A,D)
1 1 + t2
sin cot–1 cos tan–1 𝑡 = sin cot–1 =
1 + t2 2 + t2
1 + 2t 2
similarly cos tan–1 sin cot–1 2 𝑡 =
2 + 2t 2
1 1 + t2 1 + 2t 2

1  sincot −1 cos tan −1 t   1 + 2t 2  2 2 + t2 2
2 + t2 = 1 + t = 1 − 1
so  .  =
2  cos tan −1 sincot −1 2 t   2 + t 2  1 + 2t 2 2 + t2 2 + t2
2 1 + t2
1 1 1 1
0< 2
 ; 1− 2 1
t +2 2 2 t +2

[ 101 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
12. Ans. (A,B)
1– x2  sin   
tan–1 since 0 < 𝑥 < 1= tan–1   (let cos–1 𝑥 = , 0 <  < )
1+ x  1 + cos   2
   
= tan–1 tan    0, 
2 2  4
 1
 = cos–1 𝑥 ...(1)
2 2

also cos  = 2 cos2 – 1
2
 1+ x
cos = (taking cos–1 on both side)
2 2
  1+ x    
cos–1 cos = cos–1   since   0, 
2  2  2  4

  1+ x 
 = cos–1   ...(2)
2  2 

 1– x
similarly sin =
2 2
  1– x
sin–1 sin = = sin–1 ...(3)
2 2 2
 1+ x
also = tan–1 ...(4)
2 1– x
13. Ans. (A,D)
Let  = cos–1𝑥
    −1  1
 +  − 3 3     2cos x − 3 −1  x 
2
     
𝑓(𝑥) =  + cos–1  cos   −   =  =
  3    
  1
 –  + 0   x 1
 3 3  3 2
 1 
(i) f (2/3) = (ii) f (1/3) = 2 cos–1 –
3 3 3
14. Ans. (A,B,C,D)
1 1
tan 𝑥 = ,–
2 2
1
If tan  =  𝑥 = 𝑛 ±  𝑛𝑧
2
15. Ans. (C, D)

(
If – 1  𝑥 < 0, then –  sin–1𝑥 < 0. Also 0 < 2 cot–1 y2 – 2 y < 2
2
)

(
 – < sin–1 𝑥 + 2 cot–1 y2 –2 y < 2
2
)
 there is no solution in this case.
thus 𝑥 can not be negative ....(i)
 3
Now if 𝑥  0, then 0  sin–1𝑥  
2 4
( )
 cot–1 y2 – 2 y < 

[ 102 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
2
 y –2 y  – 1  𝑦 = 1
3
since for 𝑦 = 1, we have 2 cot–1 ( y2 –2 y ) = 2 cot–1 (–1) =
2

 sin–1 𝑥 = i.e. 𝑥 = 1
2
 the solution is 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1
16. Ans. (A)

𝜋 3𝜋
𝑦=
4
𝜋
𝑦=
2

−1 1 1
√2
17. Ans. (C)
Clearly  – 𝑥.
18. Ans. (B)
= tan–1 (𝑡), 𝑡 = – 𝑥  [–1, 1]
3𝜋
𝑦=
5𝜋 2
4
𝜋
3𝜋
𝜋
4 𝑦=
2

𝑡
−1 1

19. Ans. (A → q; B → s; C → p; D → r)

(A) sin–1 x + cos–1 x =  𝑥  [0, 1]
2
(B) sin–1 x + cos–1 ( 1 − x2 ) = 0  cos –1 1 − x2 = – sin–1(𝑥)  𝑥  [–1, 0]

 1– x2   1– x2 
(C) 𝑔  2 
= 2ℎ(𝑥)  cos –1
 2 
= 2 tan–1 𝑥  𝑥  [0, )
 1+ x   1+ x 
1+ x  1+ x 
(D) ℎ(𝑥) + ℎ(1) = ℎ    tan–1 𝑥 + tan–1 1 = tan–1    𝑥  (–, 1)
 1– x   1– x 
20. Ans. (P → 3; Q → 4; R → 1; S → 2)
 3 3
(P) tan  sin −1 + cot −1 
 5 2
 3 2
tan  tan −1 + tan −1 
 4 3
  3 2 
  +    9 + 8 12  
 tan  tan −1  4 3    tan  tan −1   
  3 2     12 6  
  1 −   
  4 3 

[ 103 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics

  17   17
 tan  tan −1    =
  6  6
 4 2
(Q) cos  sin −1 + cos −1 
 5 3
 4  5 
cos  tan −1 + tan −1 
 3  2  
  
 4 5 
  + 
 cos  tan −1  3 2  
  4 5 

  1 − 6  

  8+3 5 
 cos  tan −1   
 6 − 4 5
  
  6 − 4 5  6 −4 5
 cos  cos−1    =
 15 15
  
1 63 
(R) sin  sin −1  = sin 
4 8 

63
 sin −1 = 4
8
63 1
 sin 4 =  cos4 =
8 8
1
 2cos2 2 − 1 =
8
9 9
 2cos2 2 =  cos2 2 =
8 16
3
 cos2 =
4
3 7
 2cos2  − 1 =  2cos2  =
4 4
7 1
cos2  = ,sin2  =
8 8
1
sin  =
2 2
 
 
  3   3  
(S) cot cos −1   + sin −1   − sec −1 3
 4 4 
  
 2 
 
 cot  − sec −1 3  tan sec −1 3
2 
( )
(
 tan tan−1 8 = 8 )
[ 104 ]