10th Biennial Congress of the Asian Association of Veterinary Anatomists
(AAVACON-2026)
Organized by
N.T.R. College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, India, 28-30 October 2026
Sample Abstract
Title (max. 50 words): e.g., Enzyme histochemical characterization of orbital glands in fetuses of Indian buffalo
(Bubalus bubalis)
Author (max. 6): First name Last name of 1st author, Affiliation (Institution, city, state & country); FN LN of
2nd author Affiliation (Institution, city, state & country); ………
Example: M.P.S. Tomar , Neelam Bansal
1st author: N.T.R. College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram (Andhra Pradesh) India
2nd author: Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana (Punjab) India
Abstract: 300-500 words with introduction, materials & methods, and results & conclusion (without headings)
Example:
Abstract:
The orbital glands, viz. lacrimal gland; superficial and deep gland of third eyelid (LG, SGT and DGT), are
important for normal eye functions. These glands have different secretory functions in various animals varying
from serous, mucous and seromucous materials and, also vary at different stages of development and growth
during early post-natal life. The information about the enzyme histochemical nature of prenatal orbital glands of
Indian buffalo seems to be unavailable. So, the study was planned on orbital glands of 6 full term freshly died
buffalo fetuses which were presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary
and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana (Punjab) India, for correction of dystocia. Only after getting written
consent of the farmers, the samples i.e., eyeballs with adnexa were collected in ice and immediately stored at -
200C for the present study. The frozen sections of all these glands were subjected to standard localization protocols
for Alkaline Phosphatase, Glucose 6 phosphatase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Succinate dehydrogenase, Glucose 6
phosphate dehydrogenase, NADH diaphorase, NADPH diaphorase, DOPA oxidase, Tyrosinase, non-specific
esterase and Carbonic anhydrase. The results revealed a mixed spectrum of reaction for the above enzymes in LG,
SGT and DGT which ranged from moderate (for LDH in SGT) to intense (for most of the enzymes in all three
glands). The activities of these enzymes are closely dependant on the metabolic status of any organ and, also vary
according to energy demands at the tissue level. However, DOPA-O, Tyrosinase and CAse did not show any
reaction. The enzymes related to active melanin synthesis clearly shown the absence of any activity correlating
with no connection of these glands with eyelid activities. However, the absence of CAse activity was interesting
as this enzyme is the main water metabolism enzyme of mammalian body and was observed in tear films in
previous studies. From the present study, it can be postulated that the orbital glands of fetus have a high activity
of metabolism as it has many developmental and functional activity which were mediated with the higher activity
of the enzymes involved. The absence of CAse was confirmatory for the absence of tear formation in early
postnatal life in infants.
❖ Colour is indicative of Introduction
❖ Colour is indicative of Materials & Methods
❖ Colour is indicative of Results & Conclusion
Note:
1. Corresponding author: The author who submits the abstract, will be marked as corresponding author by
default.
2. Other all bullets are to be checked or filled online.
Disclaimer: The sample abstract is modified part of published paper of organizing secretary, AAVACON-
2026 India [Link]