Content
A. Review Previous Lessons
(Core Task 1 Skills) 2
A.1 – Universal Report Structure: 2
A.2 – The Goal of the Overview: 2
B. New Strategies, Techniques, and Language Structures 3
B.1 – Describing Maps 3
B.2 – Describing Processes 5
C. Practice 7
C.1 – Practice #1 7
C.2 – Practice #2 9
C.3 – Practice #3 10
C.4 – Practice #4 13
D. Homework 16
A. Review Previous Lessons
(Core Task 1 Skills)
A.1 – Universal Report Structure:
● Introduction: Paraphrase the prompt.
● Overview: State 2-3 main, high-level observations. This is the most important
paragraph.
● Body Paragraph 1: Detail the first group of key features.
● Body Paragraph 2: Detail the second group of key features.
A.2 – The Goal of the Overview:
● For any Task 1, the overview must summarise the most significant
information without giving specific data. For Maps and Processes, the
objective means identifying the main transformation or the overall purpose.
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 2
B. New Strategies, Techniques, and
Language Structures
B.1 – Describing Maps
The key to a high-scoring map report is telling a clear story of transformation. You
are describing what was there and what is there now.
28/06/2025
The maps below show a beachfront area in Australia in 1950 and today.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
making a comparison where relevant.
Key Information to Identify
● The Main Change: What is the biggest overall transformation?
● Added Features: What new things were built?
● Removed Features: What was demolished or cleared?
● Altered Features: What was changed, resized, or moved?
● Unchanged Features: What stayed exactly the same?
The overview synthesises the main story: the area's evolution from a simple space
to a developed "commercial and leisure hub." It summarises the key additions
(restaurant, surf clubs) and contrasts them with the features that remained
unchanged (lighthouse, pavilion), providing a complete high-level summary.
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 3
Essential Language Structures
1. Language of Location (Describing the "Before" map)
● Compass Directions: to the north/south of, in the north-east corner
● Relative Position: next to, beside, opposite, behind, between
● Prepositional Phrases:
○ on the left-hand side of ...
○ To the east of ...
○ in the western part of the area ...
○ in the southeast corner ...
2. Language of Change (Describing the "After" map - Passive Voice is Crucial)
● has now been replaced by...
● has been constructed
● was transformed into...
● was built
3. Advanced vocabulary
● illustrate the developments
● undergone a significant transformation
● evolving from... into...
● leisure hub
● notable changes
● expansion of amenities
● major developments
● upgraded
● remained unchanged
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 4
B.2 – Describing Processes
01/07/2025
The diagram details the process of making smoked fish.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
Key Information to Identify
● The Overall Process: What is being made or done?
● Number of Stages: How many steps are there in total?
● The Start and End Points: What is the raw material/first step, and what is the
final product/last step?
Essential Language Structures
1. The Passive Voice (The Star of the Show)
● The process **is initiated**...
● fish **are caught**... and **transported**...
● the fish **are frozen**... and then **thawed**...
● the fish **are cut open** and **prepared**...
● the prepared fish **are soaked**...
● Once the fish **have been smoked**...
● they **are frozen** again... and **placed** into cold storage.
● where they **are ultimately sold**.
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 5
2. Language of Sequencing (Linking the steps)
● The process is initiated when...
● Upon arrival,...
● Subsequently,...
● Following this,...
● The next stage is...
● Once the fish have been smoked,...
● The final steps involve...
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 6
C. Practice
C.1 – Practice #1
28/06/2025
The maps below show a beachfront area in Australia in 1950 and today.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
making a comparison where relevant.
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 7
The two maps illustrate the developments that have taken place at a beachfront
area in Australia from 1950 to the present day.
Overall, the beachfront has undergone a significant transformation, evolving from a
relatively simple recreational space into a more developed commercial and leisure
hub. The most noticeable changes include the addition of several new facilities,
such as a restaurant and surf clubs, and the expansion of the swimming and
parking amenities. Despite these major developments, some key features, like the
lighthouse and the main dining pavilion, have remained.
Focusing on the area north of the beach, the main road has been extended to
provide access to the eastern end of the beachfront. In 1950, a playground was
located on the left-hand side of the dining tables; this has now been replaced by
a new restaurant and an additional car park. To the east of the pavilion, a new
Surf Club has been constructed.
Regarding the facilities closer to the sea, the swimming amenities have been
significantly upgraded. The 25m pool situated in the western part of the area was
transformed into a much larger 50m pool, and a second Surf Club was built beside
it. In contrast, the 25m pool and the lighthouse in the southeast corner of the
area have remained unchanged over the period.
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 8
C.2 – Practice #2
01/07/2025
The diagram details the process of making smoked fish.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 9
The diagram details the linear process involved in the production and sale of
smoked fish.
Overall, the process is comprised of more than ten distinct steps, beginning with
catching the fresh fish and culminating in the final product being sold to
consumers. The key stages of this industrial process involve preparing the fish,
treating it with salt and smoke, and then distributing it for retail.
The process is initiated when fish are caught at sea and transported to a port.
Upon arrival, the fish are frozen for preservation and then thawed in fresh water
when ready for processing. Subsequently, the fish are cut open and prepared for
the curing stage.
Following this, the prepared fish are soaked in salt water with a yellow colouring.
The next step is smoking, which is a crucial part of the flavouring process. Once
the fish have been smoked, they are frozen again at 0°C and placed into cold
storage. The final steps involve the distribution of the packaged fish to a fish
shop, where they are ultimately sold.
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 10
C.3 – Practice #3
09/07/2025
The diagram below shows the process of growing and preparing pineapples and
pineapple products.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 11
The diagram illustrates the various steps involved in the cultivation and
processing of pineapples to create three different commercial products.
Overall, the entire process is a multi-stage operation that can be divided into two
main phases: a year-long growing phase and a subsequent processing phase. A
key feature of the processing stage is that the pineapples are sorted by size, which
determines whether they will be exported fresh, canned, or made into juice.
The process is initiated when pineapple crowns, which are 26cm in size, are
planted in a temperature range of 23-30°C. After a period of seven months, a
chemical called ethaline is applied to the plants to promote growth. It takes a
further five months for the pineapples to mature, at which point they reach a
height of 30cm and a weight of 2 kg.
Once the pineapples have been harvested, they are sorted according to their size
into three groups. The largest pineapples are destined for export; their tops are
removed, they are washed, and then they are coated in wax before being placed
in crates for shipping. Medium-sized pineapples are processed into a canned
product; the process involves peeling them, cutting them into slices, and placing
them into cans. Finally, the smallest pineapples are used for juice production by
being peeled and put through an extractor.
Language used:
1. Language of Process (Passive Voice is Crucial):
● The process **is initiated** when...
● ethaline **is applied**...
● Once the pineapples **have been harvested**...
● they **are sorted**...
● they **are washed**, and then **coated**...
● pineapples **are processed**...
● this involves **peeling** them, **cutting** them...
● pineapples **are used** for juice production by being **peeled** and
**put through** an extractor.
2. Language of Sequencing:
● The process is initiated when...
● After a period of...
● Once the pineapples have been harvested,...
● Finally,...
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 12
3. Advanced Vocabulary & Phrasing:
● illustrates the various stages
● cultivation and processing
● commercial products
● multi-stage operation
● subsequent processing phase
● destined for export
● canned product
● juice production
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 13
C.4 – Practice #4
20/06/2025
The two maps below show the changes in a town called Dalton from 1815 to 2015.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
making a comparison where relevant.
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 14
The two maps illustrate the significant changes that transformed the town of
Dalton over a 200-year period, from 1815 to 2015.
Overall, the area underwent a complete modernisation, evolving from a small,
rural village into a substantially larger, developed town with significant new
infrastructure. The most noticeable developments are the addition of major
transport, industrial, and social facilities, which replaced the original farmland and
much of the forest. In stark contrast to this widespread change, the River Dal itself
has remained a constant feature of the landscape.
Focusing on the development of infrastructure and amenities, several major
facilities were constructed by 2015. The simple ford crossing the River Dal was
replaced by a modern bridge, and a new airport was built south of the river. In the
northwest, where part of the forest once stood, a hospital was added.
Furthermore, the original Dalton Hall was converted into a hotel, while the Hall
Farm completely disappeared.
The residential and natural landscape of Dalton was also radically altered. The
small settlement of Dalton in the northeast expanded significantly, with numerous
new houses being built. A school was established in the centre of this newly
expanded residential area. The most dramatic environmental change was the
clearing of the entire Dalton Forest west of the river to make way for a new
industrial zone. The forest to the northeast was also significantly reduced in size.
Language used:
1. Language of Change (Passive Voice is Crucial):
● were constructed
● was replaced by
● was built
● was added
● was converted into
● was established
● was cleared
2. Language of Sequencing:
● The process is initiated when...
● After a period of...
● Once the pineapples have been harvested,...
● Finally,...
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 15
3. Advanced Vocabulary & Phrasing:
● illustrate the significant changes
● underwent a complete modernization
● evolving from... into...
● substantially larger
● significant new infrastructure
● notable developments
● widespread change
● radically altered
● expanded significantly
● dramatic environmental change
● to make way for...
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 16
D. Homework
18/06/2025
The diagram shows how an LED (light-emitting diode) flashlight works.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
making a comparison where relevant.
Prepared by Trung Vinh Huynh 17