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The document discusses generalized dynamics, focusing on Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics. It presents key equations such as the action, Euler-Lagrange equation, and Hamilton's equations, along with the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations for particles in external fields. Additionally, it covers concepts like generalized momenta and Poisson brackets relevant to the dynamics of charged particles.

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piyush.study2010
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4 views1 page

Selfstudys Com File

The document discusses generalized dynamics, focusing on Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics. It presents key equations such as the action, Euler-Lagrange equation, and Hamilton's equations, along with the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations for particles in external fields. Additionally, it covers concepts like generalized momenta and Poisson brackets relevant to the dynamics of charged particles.

Uploaded by

piyush.study2010
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

3.

7 Generalised dynamics

Lagrangian dynamics
 t2 S action (δS = 0 for the motion)
Action S= L(q, q̇,t) dt (3.213) q generalised coordinates
t1 q̇ generalised velocities
  L Lagrangian
Euler–Lagrange d ∂L ∂L
− =0 (3.214) t time
equation dt ∂q̇i ∂qi m mass
1 v velocity
Lagrangian of L = mv 2 − U(r,t) (3.215)
2 r position vector
particle in
=T −U (3.216) U potential energy
external field
T kinetic energy
m0 (rest) mass
Relativistic 2 γ Lorentz factor
m0 c
Lagrangian of a L=− − e(φ − A · v) (3.217) +e positive charge
charged particle γ φ electric potential
A magnetic vector potential
Generalised ∂L
pi = (3.218) pi generalised momenta
momenta ∂q̇i

Hamiltonian dynamics
 L Lagrangian
Hamiltonian H= pi q̇i − L (3.219) pi generalised momenta
i q̇i generalised velocities
Hamilton’s ∂H ∂H H Hamiltonian
q̇i = ; ṗi = − (3.220)
equations ∂pi ∂qi qi generalised coordinates

1 v particle speed
Hamiltonian H = mv 2 + U(r,t) (3.221)
2 r position vector
of particle in
=T +U (3.222) U potential energy
external field
T kinetic energy
m0 (rest) mass
Relativistic
c speed of light
Hamiltonian H = (m20 c4 + |p − eA|2 c2 )1/2 + eφ (3.223) +e positive charge
of a charged
φ electric potential
particle
A vector potential
  ∂f ∂g ∂f ∂g 
[f,g] = − (3.224)
∂qi ∂pi ∂pi ∂qi p particle momentum
i
t time
Poisson ∂g ∂g
brackets [qi ,g] = , [pi ,g] = − (3.225) f,g arbitrary functions
∂pi ∂qi [·,·] Poisson bracket (also see
∂g dg Commutators on page 26)
[H,g] = 0 if = 0, =0 (3.226)
∂t dt
Hamilton–  
∂S ∂S
Jacobi + H qi , ,t = 0 (3.227) S action
equation ∂t ∂qi

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