A Report on

Structural Analysis of
Residential Building

Consultant:
1.0 INTRODUCTION

This report summarizes the structural analysis and design of the proposed Residential
Building. The analysis and design have been based on the prevailing codes that are
in practice in Nepal, the National Building code of Nepal and the IS code where
applicable. This report consists of the design procedures adopted, the assumptions
made, the inputs made in the design and the design output. The basic aim of the
structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the intended purpose
during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost,
durable and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. A building is considered
to be structurally sound, if the individual elements and the building as a whole satisfy
the criteria for strength, stability and serviceability and in seismic areas additional
criteria for ductility and energy absorption capabilities. The overall building must be
strong enough to transfer all loads through the structure to the ground without
collapsing or losing structural integrity by rupture of the material at the critical sections,
by transformation of the whole or parts into mechanisms or by instability. Failure of
one structural element (e.g., due of explosions or collisions) should not cause
progressive collapse of the entire structure. Such a building will normally have
alternate load paths or mechanisms to transfer loads safely to the foundation.

Nepal is located in the boundary of two colliding tectonic plates, namely, the Indian
Plate (Indo Australian Plate) and the Tibetan Plate (Eurasian Plate). The Indian Plate
is constantly moving under the Tibetan Plate causing many minor and major
earthquakes in this region. As a result, Nepal has witnessed many major as well as
minor earthquakes during the past. Records show that around 19 major earthquakes
have shaken Nepal since then. The 1833 A.D. earthquake, 1934 A.D Bihar-Nepal
earthquake and 2015 Gorkha Earthquake were the most destructive ones in the
history of Nepal.

Thus, structures to be built in Nepal need to be suitably designed and detailed,

so as to counteract the forces due to earthquakes.
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING

Description of building based upon the collected as built information is as follows.

Building Type Residential building

Structural System Special Moment Resisting RCC Frame

No. of Stories 4 storey

Storey Height View Architectural Drawing

Floor Thickness 5.5”

Parapet wall height 3’-2”

Earth quake Zone Zone factor of 0.35 as per NBC 105:2020

Importance factor 1.0

Building Shape Irregular in Plan

Lateral load resistant Column 14”x14” M20

elements
Beams 9”X16” and 9”X14” including slab in all floor M20

3.0 MODELING and ANALYSIS

I. Modeling
Since this is Moment Resisting Frame structure, main components to be modeled are:
Beams, Columns and Slabs. Staircase has not been modeled in this analysis and a
uniformly distributed load is applied on the beams. Stiffness of the walls is not
considered. The analysis software used for modeling the structure is the ETABS 2017.
The three-dimensional model of the building is as shown in the figure.
 Three-dimensional View of the building in ETABS

Dead Loads
Dead loads are assumed to be produced by slab, beams, columns, walls, parapet
walls, staircase, plasters and mortars, Floor finish. The weight of building materials are
taken as per IS 875(Part 1)-1987).
Specific weight of materials [Ref: IS: 875(Part 1)-1987)]
Materials Unit weight(γ)

Reinforced Concrete 25.00 KN/m³

Brick Masonry 18.85 KN/m³

Plaster 20 KN/m2

Floor Finishing (screeding and 1.0 KN/m2approx.

marble)
Partition Load 1.0 KN/ m2
 wall Thick Considered Total
ness(mm) Floor to Height of Plaster wt/m
Floor Ht. wall Thickness(mm) run Unit Remarks
kN/m without
230 2.8702 2.515 40 13.89 opening
kN/m with
opening
230 2.8702 2.515 40 9.72 (30%)
kN/m without
115 2.8702 2.743 40 6.939 opening
kN/m with
opening
115 2.8702 2.743 40 4.85 (30%)

Parapet
Wall= 1 115 40 3.00 kN/m

Flooring
Unit
S.N. Type: weight: Thickness: Load:
1 Mortar KN/m3 mm KN/m2
Screeding

24 10 0.24
24 40 0.96
Total Floor
Finishing (FFL) = 1.2

Live loads
Rooms 2.0 KN/m2
Stairs 3.0 KN/m2
Corridors 3.0 KN/m2
Balcony 3 KN/m2
Roof Live Accessible 1.5 KN/m 2
Roof Live In Accessible 0.75 KN/m^2
Seismic Loads
Design Base Shear as per NBC 105:2020

Height of the building, h = 11.379 m

Ductility Factor (Ultimate Limit State) = 4

Ductility Factor (Serviceability) = 1
Over Strength Factor (Ultimate Limit State) = 1.5
Over Strength Factor (Serviceability) = 1.25

Elastic Site Spectra

Z= 0.35
Importance Factor, I = 1
For Ultimate Limit State, Ch(T) = 2.5

Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient

For Ultimate Limit State, Cd(T1) = 0.14583
For Serviceability, Cd(T1) = 0.14

Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient

For Ultimate Limit State, Cd(T1) = 0.14583
For Serviceability, Cd(T1) = 0.14

Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces

T <= 0.5, k=1
T >= 2.5, k=2
For T= 0.581 s

T k
0.5 1
2.5 2
Exponent Value, k = 1.0404
For the purpose of analysis, seismic forces are applied in the model of the building in
ETABS. Hence, the manual calculations of seismic weight, base shear and the
seismic forces have not been shown. However, the ETABS output for the Seismic
Weight, Base Shear and Seismic Forces in each storey diaphragm are as follows.
Seismic Weight and Base Shear from Seismic Coefficient method

Load Top Bottom Weight Base

Pattern Type Direction Story Story C K Used Shear

kN kN
4363.649 636.351
EQ-x Seismic X Story4 Base 0.14583 1.0404

EQ-y Seismic Y Story4 Base 0.14583 1.0404 4363.649 636.351

Story Drift
Story Drift as per NBC105: 2020
NBC 105:2020 states that the ratio of the inter-storey deflection to the corresponding
story height shall not exceed: 0.025 at ultimate limit state and 0.006 at serviceability
limit state. The deflection shall be obtained by using the effective stiffness properties
of the components.
For Ultimate Limit State:
For Serviceability Limit State:

The graph shows that the building satisfies the codal requirement as per NBC105:
2020 and hence increase in stiffness is not necessary.
II. Analysis

The loads calculated are applied in the modeled building. Besides from the dead and
live loads, the probable seismic loads are also taken care of as Nepal is categorized
amongst seismically active zones. Moreover, the building itself carries high importance
and the seismic force consideration is of topmost [Link] consideration is
given in analysis of the building following standard theories of structures and relevant
codes of practice.
A three-dimensional linear static analysis has been carried out using the standard
software ETABS. The Structure is assumed to be fixed at the Plinth level. The brick
wall is considered as the filler wall only. The beams are modeled as rectangular
beams. The flange effect of the beams has been neglected. Center to center
dimension of the structure has been considered in the analysis. The rigid end effect
has also been considered n the analysis.
Following load cases and combinations were used for the analysis of the structural
components of the building.
Load Cases
Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS
456-2000 and NBC105:2020
1. Dead Load (DL)
2. Live load (LL)
3. Earthquake load in +ve X-direction (EQPX)
4. Earthquake load in –ve X-direction (EQNX)
5. Earthquake load in +ve Y-direction (EQPY)
6. Earthquake load in –ve Y-direction (EQNY)

Load Combination
For NBC 105:2020
Following load combinations have been adopted as per NBC 105:2020

1.2DL+1.5LL
DL+0.3LL±EL
Where, DL= Dead load SL= Snow Load LL =Imposed (Live load)
EL= Earthquake load (Along X and Y- direction
Check for capacity of Column and Beam
ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 C16 18 Column 14x14 DL+0.3LL-EQx 0 3200 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
355.6 355.6 58 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) [Link] Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
-236.3404 -11.0813 -82.5836 4.7268 4.7268 2185 1.73

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.71992 2793.6 -38.5452 0 4.7268
Minor Bend(M2) 0.775379 2793.6 -5.0097 0 4.7268

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 39.4101 66.2929 42.3301 34.1035 394.16
Minor, Vu3 26.0392 66.2929 42.3301 26.0392 394.16

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
 (1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio
Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS [Link])

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
1264.5 21.8 1957.2968 462.856 -236.3404 0.965721

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.873 355.6 5.656 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.873 355.6 6.091 12 No 0
 ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 B46 70 Beam 9x16 DL+0.3LL-EQy 177.8 3100 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 406.4 228.6 0 43 43

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) [Link] Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-59.6349 0.8705 53.2476 -11.3732

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-59.6349 1.4223 0 -61.0573

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -61.0573 435 13 435 141
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 218 13 0 218

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
73.5736 0 79.6662 54.0829 607.49

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

 Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
0.8705 53.2476 162.6 340.4 220.34

Column and Beam Output:

Axial Force Diagram:

Fig: Axial Force Diagram at Section A-A for Load Combination 1.2DL+1.5LL
Shear Force Diagram:

Fig: Shear Force Diagram (Shear 2-2) at Section A-A for Load Combination 1.2DL+1.5LL

Fig: Shear Force Diagram (Shear 3-3) at Section A-A for Load Combination 1.2DL+1.5LL
Bending Moment Diagram:

Fig: Bending Moment Diagram (2-2) at Section A-A for Load Combination 1.2DL+1.5LL

Fig: Bending Moment Diagram (3-3) at Section A-A for Load Combination 1.2DL+1.5LL
Modal Output:
 Time
Mode Period(s) Ux Uy Uz Sum Ux Sum Uy Sum Uz
1 0.866 0.727 0.0216 0 0.727 0.0216 0
2 0.834 0.021 0.7999 0 0.748 0.8215 0
3 0.725 0.0768 0.0002 0 0.8248 0.8217 0
4 0.311 0.0125 0.0915 0 0.8372 0.9131 0
5 0.305 0.0985 0.019 0 0.9357 0.9321 0
6 0.284 0.0071 0.0093 0 0.9428 0.9415 0
7 0.171 0.0043 0.0313 0 0.9471 0.9728 0
8 0.168 0.0334 0.0051 0 0.9805 0.9779 0
9 0.152 0.001 0.0035 0 0.9815 0.9814 0
10 0.134 1.127E-06 0.0141 0 0.9815 0.9955 0
11 0.129 0.0172 0.0005 0 0.9987 0.996 0
12 0.118 0.0013 0.0039 0 1 0.9999 0
 Foundation Design:
The foundation design was carried out manually by using MS Excel. The base
reaction forces and moments were obtained from ETABS and were used for
foundation design.
ANNEX -1: REFERENCES

IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures (second revision)

Part 1 – Dead loads

Part 2 – Imposed loads

NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

NBC 105: 2020 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

IS: 1893 – 2016 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS: 13920 - 2016 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to

Seismic forces - Code of Practice

SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978

SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

Jain, A.K. Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem Chand and
Bros,
Rookie, 1999

Sinha, S. N. Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing
Company Ltd, New Delhi, 1996

Pillai,U.C. and Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Menon,D. Publishing
Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2003
N. Krishna Raju
Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design (IS 456:2000), Second Edition
 STAIRCASE DESIGN:

1250 1250 1200

1066.8
Landing A

Landing B

1050

1250 1250 1200

1 Salient features:
Concrete Grade= 20 MPa
Rebar Grade= 500 MPa
Live Load= 3 kN/m2
Super Imposed Dead Load= 1.5 kN/m2
Thickness of Waist Slab= 150 mm
Cover= 15 mm
Rise= 175 mm
Tread= 250 mm
Finish Thickness= 0 mm

2 Deadl Load of flight:

Step Section= 0.02188 m2
Inclined Slab= 0.04577 m2
Finish= 0 m2
Total= 0.06765 m2
DL per m2 on Plan= 6.76496 kN/m2
LL per m2 on Plan= 3 kN/m2
Super imposed Dead load per m2 on Plan= 1.5 kN/m2
Total Load= 11.265 kN/m2
Factored Load= 16.8974 kN/m2
Taking Width 1066.8mm of Slab= 18.0262 kN/m

3 Load on landing A
Self weight of slab= 3.75 kN/m2
Finish= 0 kN/m2
Live Load= 3 kN/m2
Super Imposed Dead Load= 1.5 kN/m2
Total Load= 8.25 kN/m2
Factored Load= 12.375 kN/m2
Taking Width 1066.8mm of Slab= 13.20165 kN/m

4 Load on landing B
Self weight of slab= 3.75 kN/m2
Finish= 0 kN/m2
Live Load= 3 kN/m2
Super Imposed Dead Load= 1.5 kN/m2
Total Load= 8.25 kN/m2
Factored Load= 12.375 kN/m2
Taking Width 1066.8mm of Slab= 13.20165 kN/m
 5 Design of Staircase:
18.02618636
13.20165 13.20165

Support A 1.25 1.25 1.2 Support B

Ra= 27.39764 kN
Rb= 27.47914 kN

[Link] x (mm) BM (kNm)

1 0 0
2 0.125 3.321567 Maximum Moment= 27.2223 kNm
3 0.25 6.436858 Effective Depth of Slab= 97.9444 mm
4 0.375 9.345874 <129 OK
5 0.5 12.04861
6 0.625 14.54508 Ast= 532.797 mm2
7 0.75 16.83527
8 0.875 18.91918 Bar Dia= 12 mm
9 1 20.79681 Spacing= 150 mm
10 1.125 22.46818 Ast Provided=
753.982 mm2
11 1.25 23.93326 OK
12 1.25 23.93326
13 1.375 25.15438
14 1.5 26.09384
15 1.625 26.75164
16 1.75 27.12778
17 1.875 27.22226
18 2 27.03508
19 2.125 26.56624
20 2.25 25.81575
21 2.375 24.78359
22 2.5 23.46977
23 2.62 21.97826
24 2.74 20.29665
25 2.86 18.42493
26 2.98 16.36311
27 3.1 14.11118
28 3.22 11.66915
29 3.34 9.037022
30 3.46 6.214785
31 3.58 3.202444
32 3.7 1.6E-14

6 Check for Shear

Nominal Shear Stress= 0.197554 N/mm2
Percent Tension Steel= 0.543669 %

Shear Strength from Table 19= 0.36 N/mm2

IS456:2000 OK

7 Temperature Reinforcement
Ast Required= 192.024 mm2

Bar Dia= 8 mm
Spacing= 150 mm
Ast Provided=
335.1032 mm2
OK
Design of Slab
Slab AB23
Here the aspect ratio Ly/Lx is less than 2 hence the slab is designed as a two way slab.

Interior panel:
Basic dimensions of slab = Lx Ly
3.57 4.93
Basic Ly/Lx ratio = 1.381 <2
Hence designed as two way slab
OneLongEdgeDisContinuous: d' = 15 mm
Provided overall depth D = 139.70 mm
Effective depth d = 120.70 mm
Diameter of bar f = 8 mm

Select Grade of Concrete fck = 20 N/mm²

Select Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm²

Load calculation :

Dead load of the slab DL = 3.49 kN/m²

Floor finish and Partition Wall FF = 2.50 kN/m²
Live load LL = 3.00 kN/m²

Total load TL = 8.99 kN/m²

Moment and Area of Steel calculations:

Span Moment Mu Mu/bd² Pt Ast reqd Min Ast Dia of bar Spacing Ast pro
2
Coefficient kN.m N/mm % mm² mm² mm mm mm²
shorter ax neg 0.049 8.437 0.579 0.001 166.429 144.840 8.000 150.000 335.103 Safe
ax pos 0.037 6.328 0.434 0.001 123.688 144.840 8.000 150.000 335.103 Safe
longer ay neg 0.032 5.501 0.378 0.001 107.154 144.840 8.000 150.000 335.103 Safe
ay pos 0.024 4.126 0.283 0.001 79.904 144.840 8.000 150.000 335.103 Safe

Check for Deflection

The effective depth provided = 120.700 mm

From figure 3 of I.S 456:2000 modification factor is
Modification factor = 2.00
Required depth under deflection consideration = 56.90 mm
HENCE SAFE

Slab Design-1
Design of Beam-
Concrete grade =M20
Steel grade = Fe500

Ref. Step Calculation Output

1 Known Data
Overall Depth, D= 406.40 mm D = 406.4 mm
Width, B= 228.60 mm B = 228.6 mm
B/D= 0.56 >0.3
Length of Beam, L= 3,100.000 mm
Considering 20 mm dia bar, f= 20.00 mm
clear cover = 25mm c= 25.00 mm
effective depth ,d = D - clear cover- f/2
d = D - clear cover- f/2 d = 371.40 mm
d' = clear cover +f/2 d' = 35.00 mm

characteristic strength of concrete fck = 20.00 N/mm2

NBC105:2020 Strength of steel fy = 500.00 N/mm2
Cl 4.1.1 L/D = 7.63 >4
2 Minimum reinforcement Hence ok
NBC105:2020 0.24 fck
Ast min  bd mm2
Cl 4.1.2 fy Astmin = 182.253 Astmin =182.25 mm2
pt,min= 0.215%
NBC105:2020 Maximum reinforcement
Cl 4.1.2 Ast max = 0.025bd Astmax = 2,122.55 mm2
limiting moment, Mulim = 2.76bd2 Mulim = 69.37 KNm

3 Design of Section
For Left of the Beam
Design Moment Mu = 61.64 KNm (Hogging moment) -ve

Mu < Mulim Singly Reinforced Section

Singly Reinforced Section
d' / d = 0.09
Mu / bd2 = 1.95
Percentage of steel at tension zone pt = 0.515 %

Required area of steel at tension zone Ast = 437.25 mm2

Percentage of steel at compression zone pc = 0.000 %
Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 0.00 mm2
Since, Astmin < Ast, Providing Ast = 437.25 mm2
As per IS 13920, Asc must be at least 50% of Ast
Percentage of steel at compression zone pc = 0.26 %
Required Minimum area of steel at compression zone Asc = 218.62 mm2
Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 218.62 mm2

For Mid of the Beam

Design Moment Mu = 41.52 KNm (Sagging moment) +ve
Mu < Mulim Singly Reinforced Section
Singly Reinforced Section
d' / d = 0.09
Mu / bd2 = 1.32
Percentage of steel at tension zone pt = 0.339 %
Required area of steel at tension zone Ast = 287.82 mm2
Percentage of steel at compression zone pc = 0.000 % SP16
Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 0.00 mm2
Since, Astmin > Ast, Providing Ast = 287.82 mm2
As per IS 13920, Asc must be at least 50% of Ast
Percentage of steel at compression zone pc = 0.17 %
Required Minimum area of steel at compression zone Asc = 143.91 mm2
Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 143.91 mm2

Beam Design-1
Design of Beam-
Concrete grade =M20
Steel grade = Fe500

Ref. Step Calculation Output

For Right of the Beam

Design Moment Mu = 45.55 KNm (Hogging moment) -ve
Mu < Mulim Singly Reinforced Section

d' / d = 0.09
Mu / bd2 = 1.44
Percentage of steel at tension zone pt = 0.367 %
Required area of steel at tension zone Ast = 311.59 mm2
Percentage of steel at compression zone pc = 0.000 %
Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 0.00 mm2
Since, Astmin > Ast, Providing Ast = 311.59 mm2
As per IS 13920, Asc must be at least 50% of Ast
Percentage of steel at compression zone pc = 0.18 %
Required Minimum area of steel at compression zone Asc = 155.80 mm2
Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 155.80 mm2

5 Design for Shear

For Left of Beam
IS:456:2000 pt= 0.515 %
Table 19 Permissible design shear stress of concrete Ʈc= 0.480 MPa
Vc = 40.75 kN
Maximun shear at left end, Vu = 73.57 kN

Design Shear
Vus = Vu – Vc 32.82 kN
Vus / d = 0.88 kN/cm

2
Area of 2 legged 8φ stirrups 100.53 mm
Required spacing 494.86 mm

Beam Design-2
Design of Beam-
Concrete grade =M20
Steel grade = Fe500

Ref. Step Calculation Output

Minimum shear reinforcement as per
Clause [Link] of IS 456:2000 is given by:
Sv = Asv x 0.87 fy /(0.4 b) 396.95 mm
Maximum Spacing as per Clause [Link] of IS 456:2000 300 mm

Spacing of links over a length of 2d at either end

of beam as per Clause 4.1.3 NBC 105:2020
shall be the least of:
i) d/4= 92.85 mm
ii) 8 times diameter of smallest bar 128.00 mm
iii) Not to be less than 100.00 mm
However, it need not be less than 100 mm.
Hence, provide 2 Legged - 8φ@100mm
c/c at left and at right end over a length of 2d

For Mid of Beam

IS:456:2000 pt= 0.339 %
Table 19 Permissible design shear stress of concrete Ʈc= 0.360 MPa
Vc = 30.56 kN
Maximun shear at mid Vu = 62.30 kN

Design Shear
Vus = Vu – Vc 31.74 kN
Vus / d = 0.85 kN/cm

2
Area of 2 legged 8φ stirrups 100.53 mm
Required spacing 511.76 mm

Minimum shear reinforcement as per

Clause [Link] of IS 456:2000 is given by:
Sv = Asv x 0.87 fy /(0.4 b) 396.95 mm
Maximum Spacing as per Clause [Link] of IS 456:2000 300 mm

As per Cl 4.1.3 NBC 105: 2020, the spacing shall not exceed d/2
of stirrups in the mid-span shall not exceed
d/2 185.70

However, it need not be less than 150 mm.

Hence, provide 2 Legged 8mm dia bars @150mm
c/c at left and at the middle section and closed spaced strriups near secondary beam

For Right of Beam

IS:456:2000 pt= 0.367 %
Table 19 Permissible design shear stress of concrete Ʈc= 0.336 MPa
Vc = 28.53 kN
Maximun shear at right end, Vu = 68.41 kN

Design Shear
Vus = Vu – Vc 39.88 kN
Vus / d = 1.07 kN/cm

Beam Design-3
Design of Beam-
Concrete grade =M20
Steel grade = Fe500

Ref. Step Calculation Output

2
Area of 2 legged 8φ stirrups 100.53 mm
Required spacing 407.25 mm

Minimum shear reinforcement as per

Clause [Link] of IS 456:2000 is given by:
Sv = Asv x 0.87 fy /(0.4 b) 396.95 mm
Maximum Spacing as per Clause [Link] of IS 456:2000 300 mm

Spacing of links over a length of 2d at either end

of beam as per Clause 4.1.3 NBC 105:2020
shall be the least of:
i) d/4= 92.85 mm
ii) 8 times diameter of smallest bar 128.00 mm
iii) Not to be less than 100.00 mm
However, it need not be less than 100 mm.
Hence, provide 2 Legged - 8φ@100mm
c/c at left and at right end over a length of 2d

Beam Design-4
 Design of Square Column
Concrete Grade = M20 Steel Grade= Fe500

Ref. Step Calculations Output

1 Known Data
Overall Depth of Column, D= 355.00 mm D= 355mm
Width of Column, B= 355.00 mm B = 355mm
B/D= 1.00 >0.45
Height, L= 2895.60 mm L = 2895.6m
2
Characteristic strength of concrete fck = 20.00 N/mm
2
Strength of steel fy = 500.00 N/mm

Clause [Link] of IS 456: 2000 a Min. Reinforcement,

2 2
0.01 of BD Astmin = 1260.25 mm Astmin= 720.00mm
2 2
Clause [Link] of IS 456: 2000 b Max. Reinforcment, Max. Ast = 4% of BD Astmax = 5041.00 mm Astmax =3600.00mm
2 2
But in extreme case, Max. Ast = 6% of BD Astmax = 7561.50 mm Astmax = 5400.00mm

2 Design for section

Axial Load, Pu = 236.34 KN
Moment about x-axis Mx = 82.58 KNm
Moment about y-axis My = 11.08 KNm
eccentricity =
clear height of column lateral dim ension
 e= 16.91 mm
Clause 25.4 of IS 456:2000 500 30
clear height of column L= 2.54 m
eccentricity  20 mm
Take e= 20.00 mm

[Link] Pue = 4.73 KNm

Moment about y-axis Mx = 82.58 KNm
Moment about x-axis My = 11.08 KNm
a Approx Design
i Design for Earthquake in X-direction
Axial Load, Pu = 236.34 KN
Ultimate Moment about y-axis Mux = 82.58 KNm
Pu
 0.09
f ck DB

M ux
2
 0.092
f ck BD
Clear cover, C= 50.00 mm
f= 25.00 mm
d' = 62.50 mm
d'/D = 0.176
P
 0.06
f ck
SP16, chart 48
pt = 1.20 %
Asc = 1512.30 mm2
ii Design for Earthquake in Y-direction
Axial Load, Pu = 236.34 KN
Ultimate Moment about x-axis Muy = 11.08 KNm
Pu
 0.09
f ck BD
M uy
 0.01
f ck DB 2
Clear cover, C= 50.00 mm
f= 20.00 mm
d' = 60.00 mm
d'/B = 0.169

Column Design-1
 Design of Square Column
Concrete Grade = M20 Steel Grade= Fe500

Ref. Step Calculations Output

P
 0.010
SP16, chart 49 f ck
pt = 0.20 %
2
Asc = 252.05 mm

2
The required steel will be higher of above two 1512.30 mm

Providing ( 8-20)mm dia

2
Asc provided = 2513.27 mm
Percentage of steel, pt = 1.99 %
P
 0.100
f ck
SP16, chart 49 for p/fck =0.1 and Pu/fckBD =0.094
M ux
2
 0.115
f ck BD
Muxl = 102.90 kNm
SP16, chart 49 for p/fck =0.1 and Pu/fckBD =0.094
M uy
2
 0.115
f ck DB
Muyl = 102.90 kNm

Clause 39.6 of IS 456:2000 Puz = 0.45fckAg + (0.75fy-0.45fck)Asc Puz= 2054.08 KN

Pu
 0.12
Puz
an = 1.13
n n
 M ux   M uy 
    0.86 <1 Hence OK
M 
 M uxl   uyl 

Hence OK

3 Design of Lateral Ties

Cl 4.2.3 NBC 105:2020 Minimum Diameter of Hoop= 8.00 mm
i.
Providing 8mm lateral ties
Lateral Ties,f = 8 mm
Clause [Link]© IS 456:2000 ii. Pitch of Lateral Ties minimum of of below
b of the column= 355.00 mm
16f 128.00 mm
Clause [Link] IS 456:2000 0.75D 266.25 mm

Cl 4.2.3 NBC 105:2020 Maximum spacing of links

Half of least lateral dimensions = 177.50 mm

But From Ductility Consideration

Cl 4.3 NBC 105: 2020 Confinement Length l 0
D or B 355.00 mm
L/6 482600.00 mm
450 450.00 mm Take lo=550mm
Cl 4.3 NBC 105: 2020 Spacing of Special Confining reinforcements
Pitch=100 mm
1/4 x Min dimension of beam or Column= 88.75 mm
6 times diameter of smallest bar= 120.00 mm
100mm= 100.00 mm
Provide 10mm lateral ties @ 100mm
iii. Pitch at mid portion of column For Mid Portion
= 150mm Pitch=150 mm
Provide 8mm lateral ties @ 150mm on remaining part.

Column Design-2
 DESIGN OF FOOTING
F3
Input Load Combination:
Width along x, a 355 mm x-direction
Width along y, b 355 mm y-direction
Grade of concrete,fck = g 20 N/mm2 Pu (kN) Mux(kNm) Muy (kNm)
2
Grade of steel, fy = 500 N/mm 451.007 1.7436 7.0728
Clear cover 50 mm P (kN) Mx(kNm) My (kNm)
Safe bearing pressure 135 kN/m2 330.74 1.16 4.72
Loading condition Normal ey = 0.004 m
Safe bearing pressure for given loading 135 kN/m2 ex = 0.016 m
Quick Check
Calculated length 1.57 m Suggested Length 1.65 m (X-dimension)
Calculated width 1.57 m Suggested width 1.65 m (Y-dimension)
Pressure at corner points
at (-0.825,0.825) = 116.74 OK at (0.825,0.825) = 129.33 OK
at (-0.825,-0.825) = 113.63 OK at (0.825,-0.825) = 126.23 OK
Check for development length: Provide Ld Check for bearing pressure: SAFE
Check for X-direction Check for Y-direction
Required d for moment 122.86 mm Required d for moment 123
Provide D 355.00 mm Provide D 355.00
Diameter of bars 12 mm Diameter of bars 12
Calculated Spacing 328 mm Calculated Spacing 328
Provided spacing 125 mm Provided spacing 125
Check for two way shear SAFE Check for two way shear SAFE
Check for one way shear SAFE Check for one way shear SAFE

Calculations
2
Area of footing required, LB 2.45 m
a-b = 0 mm
𝐿^2−(𝑎−𝑏)𝐿−𝐿𝐵=0 Ref. S.N Sinha
L= 1.57 m Provide 1.65 m
B= 1.57 m Provide 1.65 m
Area provided = 2.7225 m2
Moment of Inertia about X axix, Ix = 0.62 m4
Moment of Inertia about Y axix, Iy = 0.62 m4

Stress at any point is given by, 𝑝=𝑃/𝐴+𝑀_𝑦/𝐼_𝑥 𝑥+𝑀

At x = -L/2 = -0.83 y = -B/2 = -0.825 p= 113.63 kN/m2 OK

x = L/2 = 0.825 y = -B/2 = -0.825 p= 126.23 kN/m2 OK
x = L/2 = 0.825 y = B/2 = 0.825 p= 129.33 kN/m2 OK
x = -L/2 = -0.825 y = B/2 = 0.825 p= 116.74 kN/m2 OK
Calculation for X-direction

175.11 (Factored upward pressure)

194.00 kN/m2
1.00 m 0.65 m
186.59

Bending moment at critical section 40.15 kN-m/m at face of the column

Reinforcement index 0.133
Minimum depth, d 123 mm
Provide overall depth, D 355 mm approx three times calculated value
Assume diameter of bar 12 mm
Effective depth d 287 mm
0.48744

Ast required 331.173 mm2

Ast minimum 344.4 mm2
Spacing 328.39 mm Provide 125 mm c/c
Area of steel provided 904.78 mm2 and pt = 0.32%
Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 125 mm c/c at bottom (Parallel to X)
Check for two way shear:
Critical Section in two way shear
The critical section for the two way
1.5
shear occurs at a distance of d/2
from the face of the column 1
a+d = 642 mm
b+d = 642 mm 0.5

Punching area = 0.41 m2 0

Punching perimeter = 2.568 m -1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00
-0.5
Factored pressure at corners
2
-1
at (-0.321,-0.321) = 177.64 kN/m
2 -1.5
at (0.321,-0.321) = 184.99 kN/m
2
at (0.321,0.321) = 186.81 kN/m
2
at (-0.321,0.321) = 179.46 kN/m
2
Average factored upward pressure = 182.225 kN/m
Punching shear force = Factored load - factored upward pressure x punching area
375.901 kN
2
Therefore, Nominal punching shear stress, 𝜏_𝑣 = 0.51 N/mm Ref. IS 456: 2000, Cl. 31.6.1
2
Allowable shear stress = 〖𝑘_𝑠𝜏 1.12 N/mm SAFE
Where, ks = 1
𝜏_𝑐= 2
1.12 N/mm
Check for one way shear:
The critical section for one way shear occurs at a distance "d" from the face of the column.
= 0.3605 m from edge of the fooring
2
Factored upward stress at that point = 189.873 kN/m
2
Average upward stress 191.937 kN/m
Total shear force along the critical section = 114.169 kN
2
Nominal shear stress 0.24 N/mm
Percentage of steel, pt 0.32%

= 7.46

2
Design shear stress, = 0.39 N/mm
SAFE

Calculation for Y-direction

189.34 (Factored upward pressure)

194.00 kN/m2
1.00 m 0.65 m
192.17

Bending moment at critical section 40.54 kN-m/m at face of the column

Reinforcement index 0.133
Minimum depth, d 123 mm
Provide overall depth, D 355 mm approx three times calculated value
Assume diameter of bar 12 mm
Effective depth d 287 mm
0.492

Ast required 334.493 mm2

Ast minimum 344.4 mm2
Spacing 328.39 mm Provide 125 mm c/c
Area of steel provided 904.78 mm2 and pt = 0.32%
Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 125 mm c/c at bottom (Parallel to X)
Check for two way shear:
The critical section for the two way Critical Section in two way shear
shear occurs at a distance of d/2 1.5
from the face of the column
1
a+d = 642 mm
b+d = 642 mm 0.5
Punching area = 0.41 m2
Punching perimeter = 2.568 m 0
-1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00
-0.5
Factored pressure at corners
2
at (-0.321,-0.321) = 177.64 kN/m -1
2
at (0.321,-0.321) = 184.99 kN/m
2 -1.5
at (0.321,0.321) = 186.81 kN/m
2
at (-0.321,0.321) = 179.46 kN/m
2
Average factored upward pressure = 182.225 kN/m
Punching shear force = Factored load - factored upward pressure x punching area
375.901 kN
2
Therefore, Nominal punching shear stress, 𝜏_𝑣= 0.51 N/mm
2
Allowable shear stress = 〖𝑘_𝑠𝜏 1.12 N/mm SAFE Ref. IS 456: 2000, Cl. 31.6.1
Where, ks = 1
𝜏_𝑐= 2
1.12 N/mm

Check for one way shear:

The critical section for one way shear occurs at a distance "d" from the face of the column.
= 0.3605 m from edge of the fooring
2
Factored upward stress at that point = 192.983 kN/m
2
Average upward stress 193.492 kN/m
Total shear force along the critical section = 115.094 kN
2
Nominal shear stress 0.24 N/mm
Percentage of steel, pt 0.32%

= 7.46

2
Design shear stress, = 0.39 N/mm
SAFE
Check for development Length
Sufficient development length should be available for the reinforcement from the critical section.
2 2
𝜏_𝑏𝑑= 1.92 N/mm 𝜎_𝑠= 434.783 N/mm
Ld = 679 mm
The total length available from the critical section = 0.5(L - a)- Cover 597.5 mm
Provide Ld
Check for bearing stress
2
A1 = 2.7225 m 2
2 2
A2 = 0.126025 m = 18 N/mm

2
3.58 N/mm SAFE
 DESIGN OF FOOTING
F2
Input Load Combination:
Width along x, a 355 mm x-direction
Width along y, b 355 mm y-direction
Grade of concrete,fck = g 20 N/mm2 Pu (kN) Mux(kNm) Muy (kNm)
2
Grade of steel, fy = 500 N/mm 689.181 8.77665 8.8524
Clear cover 50 mm P (kN) Mx(kNm) My (kNm)
Safe bearing pressure 135 kN/m2 505.40 5.85 5.90
Loading condition Normal ey = 0.013 m
Safe bearing pressure for given loading 135 kN/m2 ex = 0.013 m
Quick Check
Calculated length 1.93 m Suggested Length 2.1 m (X-dimension)
Calculated width 1.93 m Suggested width 2.1 m (Y-dimension)
Pressure at corner points
at (-1.05,1.05) = 114.57 OK at (1.05,1.05) = 122.22 OK
at (-1.05,-1.05) = 106.99 OK at (1.05,-1.05) = 114.64 OK
Check for development length: OK Check for bearing pressure: SAFE
Check for X-direction Check for Y-direction
Required d for moment 161.26 mm Required d for moment 161
Provide D 355.00 mm Provide D 355.00
Diameter of bars 12 mm Diameter of bars 12
Calculated Spacing 194 mm Calculated Spacing 194
Provided spacing 125 mm Provided spacing 125
Check for two way shear SAFE Check for two way shear SAFE
Check for one way shear SAFE Check for one way shear SAFE

Calculations
2
Area of footing required, LB 3.74 m
a-b = 0 mm
𝐿^2−(𝑎−𝑏)𝐿−𝐿𝐵=0 Ref. S.N Sinha
L= 1.93 m Provide 2.1 m
B= 1.93 m Provide 2.1 m
Area provided = 4.41 m2
Moment of Inertia about X axix, Ix = 1.62 m4
Moment of Inertia about Y axix, Iy = 1.62 m4

Stress at any point is given by, 𝑝=𝑃/𝐴+𝑀_𝑦/𝐼_𝑥 𝑥+𝑀

At x = -L/2 = -1.05 y = -B/2 = -1.05 p= 106.99 kN/m2 OK

x = L/2 = 1.05 y = -B/2 = -1.05 p= 114.64 kN/m2 OK
x = L/2 = 1.05 y = B/2 = 1.05 p= 122.22 kN/m2 OK
x = -L/2 = -1.05 y = B/2 = 1.05 p= 114.57 kN/m2 OK
Calculation for X-direction

171.86 (Factored upward pressure)

183.33 kN/m2
1.23 m 0.87 m
178.56

Bending moment at critical section 69.17 kN-m/m at face of the column

Reinforcement index 0.133
Minimum depth, d 161 mm
Provide overall depth, D 355 mm approx three times calculated value
Assume diameter of bar 12 mm
Effective depth d 287 mm
0.83981

Ast required 583.807 mm2

Ast minimum 344.4 mm2
Spacing 193.72 mm Provide 125 mm c/c
Area of steel provided 904.78 mm2 and pt = 0.32%
Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 125 mm c/c at bottom (Parallel to X)
Check for two way shear:
Critical Section in two way shear
The critical section for the two way
1.5
shear occurs at a distance of d/2
from the face of the column 1
a+d = 642 mm
b+d = 642 mm 0.5

Punching area = 0.41 m2 0

Punching perimeter = 2.568 m -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00
-0.5
Factored pressure at corners
2
-1
at (-0.321,-0.321) = 168.41 kN/m
2 -1.5
at (0.321,-0.321) = 171.92 kN/m
2
at (0.321,0.321) = 175.40 kN/m
2
at (-0.321,0.321) = 171.89 kN/m
2
Average factored upward pressure = 171.905 kN/m
Punching shear force = Factored load - factored upward pressure x punching area
618.328 kN
2
Therefore, Nominal punching shear stress, 𝜏_𝑣 = 0.84 N/mm Ref. IS 456: 2000, Cl. 31.6.1
2
Allowable shear stress = 〖𝑘_𝑠𝜏 1.12 N/mm SAFE
Where, ks = 1
𝜏_𝑐= 2
1.12 N/mm
Check for one way shear:
The critical section for one way shear occurs at a distance "d" from the face of the column.
= 0.5855 m from edge of the fooring
2
Factored upward stress at that point = 180.128 kN/m
2
Average upward stress 181.727 kN/m
Total shear force along the critical section = 223.442 kN
2
Nominal shear stress 0.37 N/mm
Percentage of steel, pt 0.32%

= 7.46

2
Design shear stress, = 0.39 N/mm
SAFE

Calculation for Y-direction

171.95 (Factored upward pressure)

183.33 kN/m2
1.23 m 0.87 m
178.60

Bending moment at critical section 69.18 kN-m/m at face of the column

Reinforcement index 0.133
Minimum depth, d 161 mm
Provide overall depth, D 355 mm approx three times calculated value
Assume diameter of bar 12 mm
Effective depth d 287 mm
0.840

Ast required 583.853 mm2

Ast minimum 344.4 mm2
Spacing 193.71 mm Provide 125 mm c/c
Area of steel provided 904.78 mm2 and pt = 0.32%
Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 125 mm c/c at bottom (Parallel to X)
Check for two way shear:
The critical section for the two way Critical Section in two way shear
shear occurs at a distance of d/2 1.5
from the face of the column
1
a+d = 642 mm
b+d = 642 mm 0.5
Punching area = 0.41 m2
Punching perimeter = 2.568 m 0
-2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00
-0.5
Factored pressure at corners
2
at (-0.321,-0.321) = 168.41 kN/m -1
2
at (0.321,-0.321) = 171.92 kN/m
2 -1.5
at (0.321,0.321) = 175.40 kN/m
2
at (-0.321,0.321) = 171.89 kN/m
2
Average factored upward pressure = 171.905 kN/m
Punching shear force = Factored load - factored upward pressure x punching area
618.328 kN
2
Therefore, Nominal punching shear stress, 𝜏_𝑣= 0.84 N/mm
2
Allowable shear stress = 〖𝑘_𝑠𝜏 1.12 N/mm SAFE Ref. IS 456: 2000, Cl. 31.6.1
Where, ks = 1
𝜏_𝑐= 2
1.12 N/mm

Check for one way shear:

The critical section for one way shear occurs at a distance "d" from the face of the column.
= 0.5855 m from edge of the fooring
2
Factored upward stress at that point = 180.155 kN/m
2
Average upward stress 181.741 kN/m
Total shear force along the critical section = 223.459 kN
2
Nominal shear stress 0.37 N/mm
Percentage of steel, pt 0.32%

= 7.46

2
Design shear stress, = 0.39 N/mm
SAFE
Check for development Length
Sufficient development length should be available for the reinforcement from the critical section.
2 2
𝜏_𝑏𝑑= 1.92 N/mm 𝜎_𝑠= 434.783 N/mm
Ld = 679 mm
The total length available from the critical section = 0.5(L - a)- Cover 822.5 mm
OK
Check for bearing stress
2
A1 = 4.41 m 2
2 2
A2 = 0.126025 m = 18 N/mm

2
5.47 N/mm SAFE
 DESIGN OF FOOTING
F1
Input Load Combination:
Width along x, a 355 mm x-direction
Width along y, b 355 mm y-direction
Grade of concrete,fck = g 20 N/mm2 Pu (kN) Mux(kNm) Muy (kNm)
2
Grade of steel, fy = 500 N/mm 856.32 5.04945 1.5609
Clear cover 50 mm P (kN) Mx(kNm) My (kNm)
Safe bearing pressure 135 kN/m2 627.97 3.37 1.04
Loading condition Normal ey = 0.006 m
Safe bearing pressure for given loading 135 kN/m2 ex = 0.002 m
Quick Check
Calculated length 2.16 m Suggested Length 2.2 m (X-dimension)
Calculated width 2.16 m Suggested width 2.2 m (Y-dimension)
Pressure at corner points
at (-1.1,1.1) = 131.06 OK at (1.1,1.1) = 132.23 OK
at (-1.1,-1.1) = 127.26 OK at (1.1,-1.1) = 128.43 OK
Check for development length: OK Check for bearing pressure: SAFE
Check for X-direction Check for Y-direction
Required d for moment 178.01 mm Required d for moment 178
Provide D 400.00 mm Provide D 400.00
Diameter of bars 12 mm Diameter of bars 12
Calculated Spacing 185 mm Calculated Spacing 185
Provided spacing 125 mm Provided spacing 125
Check for two way shear SAFE Check for two way shear SAFE
Check for one way shear SAFE Check for one way shear SAFE

Calculations
2
Area of footing required, LB 4.65 m
a-b = 0 mm
𝐿^2−(𝑎−𝑏)𝐿−𝐿𝐵=0 Ref. S.N Sinha
L= 2.16 m Provide 2.2 m
B= 2.16 m Provide 2.2 m
Area provided = 4.84 m2
Moment of Inertia about X axix, Ix = 1.95 m4
Moment of Inertia about Y axix, Iy = 1.95 m4

Stress at any point is given by, 𝑝=𝑃/𝐴+𝑀_𝑦/𝐼_𝑥 𝑥+𝑀

At x = -L/2 = -1.10 y = -B/2 = -1.1 p= 127.26 kN/m2 OK

x = L/2 = 1.1 y = -B/2 = -1.1 p= 128.43 kN/m2 OK
x = L/2 = 1.1 y = B/2 = 1.1 p= 132.23 kN/m2 OK
x = -L/2 = -1.1 y = B/2 = 1.1 p= 131.06 kN/m2 OK
Calculation for X-direction

196.58 (Factored upward pressure)

198.34 kN/m2
1.28 m 0.92 m
197.61

Bending moment at critical section 84.29 kN-m/m at face of the column

Reinforcement index 0.133
Minimum depth, d 178 mm
Provide overall depth, D 400 mm approx three times calculated value
Assume diameter of bar 12 mm
Effective depth d 332 mm
0.76472

Ast required 611.882 mm2

Ast minimum 398.4 mm2
Spacing 184.84 mm Provide 125 mm c/c
Area of steel provided 904.78 mm2 and pt = 0.27%
Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 125 mm c/c at bottom (Parallel to X)
Check for two way shear:
Critical Section in two way shear
The critical section for the two way
1.5
shear occurs at a distance of d/2
from the face of the column 1
a+d = 687 mm
b+d = 687 mm 0.5

Punching area = 0.47 m2 0

Punching perimeter = 2.748 m -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00
-0.5
Factored pressure at corners
2
-1
at (-0.3435,-0.3435) = 193.46 kN/m
2 -1.5
at (0.3435,-0.3435) = 194.00 kN/m
2
at (0.3435,0.3435) = 195.78 kN/m
2
at (-0.3435,0.3435) = 195.23 kN/m
2
Average factored upward pressure = 194.618 kN/m
Punching shear force = Factored load - factored upward pressure x punching area
764.466 kN
2
Therefore, Nominal punching shear stress, 𝜏_𝑣 = 0.84 N/mm Ref. IS 456: 2000, Cl. 31.6.1
2
Allowable shear stress = 〖𝑘_𝑠𝜏 1.12 N/mm SAFE
Where, ks = 1
𝜏_𝑐= 2
1.12 N/mm
Check for one way shear:
The critical section for one way shear occurs at a distance "d" from the face of the column.
= 0.5905 m from edge of the fooring
2
Factored upward stress at that point = 197.871 kN/m
2
Average upward stress 198.107 kN/m
Total shear force along the critical section = 257.361 kN
2
Nominal shear stress 0.35 N/mm
Percentage of steel, pt 0.27%

= 8.63

2
Design shear stress, = 0.37 N/mm
SAFE

Calculation for Y-direction

192.65 (Factored upward pressure)

198.34 kN/m2
1.28 m 0.92 m
195.96

Bending moment at critical section 84.06 kN-m/m at face of the column

Reinforcement index 0.133
Minimum depth, d 178 mm
Provide overall depth, D 400 mm approx three times calculated value
Assume diameter of bar 12 mm
Effective depth d 332 mm
0.763

Ast required 610.099 mm2

Ast minimum 398.4 mm2
Spacing 185.38 mm Provide 125 mm c/c
Area of steel provided 904.78 mm2 and pt = 0.27%
Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 125 mm c/c at bottom (Parallel to X)
Check for two way shear:
The critical section for the two way Critical Section in two way shear
shear occurs at a distance of d/2 1.5
from the face of the column
1
a+d = 687 mm
b+d = 687 mm 0.5
Punching area = 0.47 m2
Punching perimeter = 2.748 m 0
-2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00
-0.5
Factored pressure at corners
2
at (-0.3435,-0.3435) = 193.46 kN/m -1
2
at (0.3435,-0.3435) = 194.00 kN/m
2 -1.5
at (0.3435,0.3435) = 195.78 kN/m
2
at (-0.3435,0.3435) = 195.23 kN/m
2
Average factored upward pressure = 194.618 kN/m
Punching shear force = Factored load - factored upward pressure x punching area
764.466 kN
2
Therefore, Nominal punching shear stress, 𝜏_𝑣= 0.84 N/mm
2
Allowable shear stress = 〖𝑘_𝑠𝜏 1.12 N/mm SAFE Ref. IS 456: 2000, Cl. 31.6.1
Where, ks = 1
𝜏_𝑐= 2
1.12 N/mm

Check for one way shear:

The critical section for one way shear occurs at a distance "d" from the face of the column.
= 0.5905 m from edge of the fooring
2
Factored upward stress at that point = 196.816 kN/m
2
Average upward stress 197.579 kN/m
Total shear force along the critical section = 256.675 kN
2
Nominal shear stress 0.35 N/mm
Percentage of steel, pt 0.27%

= 8.63

2
Design shear stress, = 0.37 N/mm
SAFE
Check for development Length
Sufficient development length should be available for the reinforcement from the critical section.
2 2
𝜏_𝑏𝑑= 1.92 N/mm 𝜎_𝑠= 434.783 N/mm
Ld = 679 mm
The total length available from the critical section = 0.5(L - a)- Cover 872.5 mm
OK
Check for bearing stress
2
A1 = 4.84 m 2
2 2
A2 = 0.126025 m = 18 N/mm

2
6.79 N/mm SAFE
 DESIGN OF STRAP FOUNDATION

A) Given Data
Size of column
Outer Inner
Bc = 355 355 mm
Dc =
355 355 mm
Column Load (V) = 273.6191 404.19 KN
Column Spacing (S) = 4.245 m
2
Bearing Capacity (qa) = 135 KN/m
Grade of Concrete (fck) = 20 Mpa
Grade of Steel (fy)= 500 Mpa

B) Proportion Footing Dimension

wt. of foundation = 67.78126 KN (10% of Total Column Load)
Total Load (P)= 745.5939 KN
2
Area of footing = 5.523 m
*Note:Centre of area of footing should be Coincide with the load c.g.
C.G. of loads from center of
Inner column (X) = 1.714 m
Assumed,
Width of footing (B)= 1.650 m 5.413 ft. -7.03937

Length of outer footing (L1)= 1.579 m 5.180 ft.

Length of inner footing (L2)= 1.768 m 5.801 ft.

2
Upward reaction (q') = 184.103 KN/m

C) Check for Shear

Assumed,
Depth of footing (D)= 350 mm
Effective depth (d) = 300 mm
1) One way Shear (Calculation for no shear reinforcement)
a. Outer footing
Max'm S.F. = 63.976 KN * Note: At the distance "d"
2
One way Shear (τv) = 0.213 N/mm from face of Column
Provided Ast = 0.2 %
β= 11.61
2
Concrete Shear strength (τc)= 0.326 N/mm
ok
2
Ast = 600 mm (Min'm Ast to resist one way
b. Inner footing shear)
 Max'm S.F. = 63.976 KN
2
One way Shear (τv) = 0.213 N/mm
Provided Ast = 0.2 %
β= 11.61
2
Concrete Shear strength (τc)= 0.326 N/mm
ok
2
Ast = 600 mm
2) Punching shear need not be considered due to presence of the strap beam

D) Check for Bending Moment

2
Moment capacity of section= 0.134 fckbd
= 241.2 KN-m
a. Outer footing
Max'm B.M. = 38.593 KN-m * Note: At the face of
ok Column
b. Inner footing
Max'm B.M. = 38.593 KN-m
ok

E) Calculation for reinforcement

a. Outer footing
2
Ast = 304 mm
2
Ast min = 360 mm
2
Ast required = 600 mm
Provided, Size = 12 mm
Spacing = 125 mm
2
Ast Provided= 905 mm
ok
For Shrinkage/Temperature in longitudional direction,
2
Ast min = 360 mm
Provided, Size = 12 mm
Spacing = 125 mm
2
Ast Provided= 905 mm
ok
b. Inner footing
2
Ast = 304 mm
2
Ast min = 360 mm
2
Ast required = 600 mm
 Provided, Size = 12 mm
Spacing = 125 mm
2
Ast Provided= 905 mm
ok
For Shrinkage/Temperature in longitudional direction,
2
Ast min = 360 mm
Provided, Size = 12 mm
Spacing = 125 mm
2
Ast Provided= 905 mm
ok

E) Design of Strap Beam

Assumed, 29.5276
Width of Beam (B)= 355 mm 2.46063
Depth of Beam (D)= 750 mm 0.46063
Effective depth (d) = 700 mm 5.52756

Shear Force Diagram

400 4.4225, 337.76
300

200 3.5385, 69.22

1.58, 69.22
Shear Force (KN)

100 0.1775, 53.92

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
-100

-200
4.4225, -268.53
-300
0.1775, -356.51
-400
Disatance (m)

Bending Moment Diagram

150
4.4225, 119.00
100
Bending Moment (KN-m)

50
3.9805, -0.62
0 0.1775, 4.79
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
-50
-100
-150
-200 1.228625, -202.14
-250
Disatance (m)
1) Bending Moment
2
Moment capacity of section= 0.138fckbd
= 480.102 KN-m

Max'm Sagging Moment = 202.1385 KN-m

Design Singly Reinforced Section
i) Singly reinforced Design
Design moment = 202.1385 KN-m
2
Ast = 716 mm
ii) Doubly reinforced Design
Ultimate moment = 0.000 KN-m
2
Ast,1 = 0 mm
Exceed Moment = 0.000 KN-m
d' = 35 mm
es = 0.00314
2
fsc = 425 N/mm *Note: Stress in steel
2
Asc = 0.000 mm corresponding to strain es
2
Ast,2 = 0.000 mm
2
Total Ast = 0.000 mm

Max'm Hogging Moment = 119.0003 KN-m

Design Singly Reinforced Section
i) Singly reinforced Design
Design moment = 119.0003 KN-m
2
Ast = 408 mm
ii) Doubly reinforced Design
Ultimate moment = 0.000 KN-m
2
Ast,1 = 0 mm
Exceed Moment = 0.000 KN-m
d' = 35 mm
es = 0.00314
2
fsc = 425 N/mm *Note: Stress in steel
2
Asc = 0.000 mm corresponding to strain es
2
Ast,2 = 0.000 mm
2
Total Ast = 0.000 mm

Rebar Required
 Top Bar= 716
Provided, Size = 16 mm
Number = 4
2
Ast Provided= 805 mm Pt = 0.324 %
ok
Bottom bar= 408
Provided, Size = 16 mm
Number = 4
2
Ast Provided= 805 mm Pt = 0.324 %
ok

2) Shear Force
Critical Shear Force = 356.51 KN
2
shear(τv) = 1.435 N/mm
Provided Ast = 0.324 %
β= 7.17
2
Shear strength of concrete(τc) = 0.401 N/mm
Result = Shear reinforcement is required
Vsu = 256.920 KN
Use, Size = 10 mm dia
Leg No = 2
Spacing (Sv) = 180 mm c/c

F) Check For Bearing strength of Column and footing conctete

2
Nominal bearing stress in Column = 4.811 N/mm
Allowable bearing stress = 0.45fck
2
= 9.000 N/mm
Now Excess load = 0.000 kN
2
Area of steel required As = 0 mm
Minimum Ast = 0.5% of column area
2
630.125 mm
2
Thus, area of steel for dowel bars = 630 mm
Now
Bar extended
Nos dia Ast
4 20 1257
4 16 804
2
Available Ast for load transfer = 2061 mm

Thus no additional dowel bars are required to transfer load

Additional Ast = No dowel bars are needed