IN-PLANT OFLINE (6 WEEK) SUMMER TRAINING
REPORT ON
North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited (NBPDCL)
33/11 KV Electric Power Sub-Station, Saharsa
BIHAR
Submitted by
RATNESH KUMAR (23103132913)
Completed at
North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited (NBPDCL)
Submitted to
Prof. AJAY KUMAR
(Head of Department of Electrical Engineering)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SAHARSA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SAHARSA, BIHAR - 852201 (INDIA)
JANUARY, 2026
I
DECLARATION
I Ratnesh Kumar Reg No.- 23103132913 full time student of Bachelor of
Technology Programmes, Batch (2022-26) of Department of Electrical
Engineering, at Saharsa College of Engineering, Saharsa hereby certify that this
Offline Internship course carried out by me at NBPDCL Saharsa and the report
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the programme is an
original work of mine under the guidance of the organization mentor
Er. Santosh Kumar (E.S.E) Electric Supply Circle, Saharsa is not based or
reproduced from any existing work/material of any other person or on any earlier
work undertaken at any other time or for any other purpose, and has not been
submitted anywhere else at any time.
Name of student Registration No. Signature
Ratnesh Kumar 23103132913
II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The internship opportunity I had with North Bihar power Distribution
company Ltd. was a great chance for learning and professional development.
Therefore, I consider myself as a very lucky individual as I was provided with an
opportunity to be a part of it. I am also grateful for having a chance to meet so
many wonderful people and professionals who led me though this internship
period.
I am sincerely grateful to Er. Santosh Kumar (E.S.E) Electric Supply
Circle, Saharsa.
who rendered me his valuable assistance, constant encouragement and able
guidance which made this training actually possible.
I express my deepest thanks to Er. Santosh Kumar (E.S.E) Electric
Supply Circle, Saharsa for taking part in useful decision and giving necessary
advices and guidance and arranged all facilities to make life easier. I choose this
moment to acknowledge his contribution gratefully.
I perceive as this opportunity as a big milestone in my career development.
I will strive to use gained skills and knowledge in the best possible way, and I
will continue to work on their improvement, in order to attain desired career
objectives.
I also wish my deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Ajay Kumar (Head of
Department of Electrical Engineering), Saharsa College of Engineering
Saharsa whose guidance and encouragement made my training successfully.
Sincerely, Ratnesh Kumar
III
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the “Summer Entrepreneurship -III” submitted
by Ratnesh Kumar (23103132913) is work done by him and
submitted during 2025-26 academic year, in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the Programme of degree of BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, at (NBPDCL)
North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited (ESD Saharsa).
(Internal Examiner) (Head of Department) (External Examiner) (Electrical Superintending Engineer)
SCE Saharsa Dept. of Electrical Engg. Electric Supply Circle, Saharsa
SCE Saharsa
IV
Table of contents
LIST OF FIGURES 3-4
1. Introduction 5-7
1.1 About 33/11 KV Power Substation Saharsa 5-7
1.1.1 Single Line Diagram 6
2. Transformers 3-5
2.1 Types of Transformers 7-10
2.1.1 Power transformer 8
2.1.2 Instrument transformer 9
2.1.3 Transformer 9
2.1.4 On the basis of working 10
2.1.5 On the basis of structure 10
2.1.6 Silica gel 10
3. Specification of C.T. & P.T. used in 33/11 KV PSS 11
4. Substation 11-18
4.1 Types of substation 12-14
4.1.1 According to the service requirement 12-13
4.1.2 According to the constructional features 13-14
4.2 Substation characteristics 14-15
4.3 Steps in designing substation 15-17
4.3.1 Earthing and bonding 15-16
4.3.2 Substation earthing calculation methodology 16
4.3.3 Earthing material 16-17
4.3.4 Switch yard fence earthing 17
4.4 Conductors used in substation designing 17-18
1
4.5 Overhead Line Terminations 18
5. Chronological training diary 19-22
5.1 Power line carrier communication (PLCC) 19-20
5.1.1 Applications 20
5.2 Principle of PLCC 20-22
5.2.1 Wave trap or line trap 20-21
5.2.2 Coupling capacitor 21
5.2.3 Protective device of coarse voltage arrester 21
5.2.4 Coupling of filter 21
5.2.5 H.F. cable 22
6. Busbars 23-24
7. Insulators 25-30
7.1 Circuit breakers 26-27
7.2 Oil Circuit breaker 27
7.3 Air Blast Circuit breaker 28
7.4 Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6) circuit breaker 28-29
7.5 Vacuum circuit breaker 29-30
7.6 Isolator 30
8. Metering and Indication equipment 30-34
8.1 Relay 30-31
8.2 Relays used in control panel of substation 31-34
8.2.1 Differential relay 31-32
8.2.2 Over current relay 32
8.2.3 Directional relay 32-33
8.2.4 Tripping relay 33
8.2.5 Auxiliary relay 33-34
2
9. Miscellaneous Equipments 34-40
9.1 Capacitor bank 34-35
9.2 Fuse 35-36
9.3 Bus coupler 36
9.4 Earthing 36-37
9.5 Parabolic Sensor 37
9.6 HVPD (High Voltage Partial Discharge) 38
9.7 Control Room 38-39
10. Protection of substation 39-40
10.1 Transformer protection 39
10.2 Conservation and breather 39
10.3 Marshalling box 39
10.4 Transformer cooling 40
11. Conclusion 41
❖ List of figures:-
Figure no. Name of figure Page no.
Figure 1.1 33/11 KV Power Substation Saharsa 5
Figure 2.1 Transformer 7
Figure 2.2 Power transformer 8
Figure 2.3 Instrument transformer 9
Figure 2.4 Distribution Transformer 9
Figure 2.5 Core type & Shell type 10
Figure 2.6 Silica gel 10
Figure 3.1 Current transformer & Potential transformer 11
Figure 4.1 View of substation 12
Figure 4.2 Transformer substation 13
3
Figure 5.1 Power line carrier communication (PLCC) 19
Figure 6.1 Typical representation of bus bars 23
Figure 6.2 Busbar 24
Figure 7.1 Insulators used in substation 25
Figure 7.2 Circuit breaker arrangements 26
Figure 7.3 Oil Circuit breaker 27
Figure 7.4 Air Blast Circuit breaker 28
Figure 7.5 SF6 Circuit breaker 29
Figure 7.6 Vacuum circuit breaker 29
Figure 7.7 Isolator 30
Figure 8.1 Typical View of Relay & Relay Panels 31
Figure 8.2 Differential Relay 32
Figure 8.3 Overcurrent Relay 32
Figure 8.4 Directional Relay 33
Figure 8.5 Tripping Relay 33
Figure 8.6 Auxiliary Relay 34
Figure 9.1 Capacitor bank 34
Figure 9.2 Substation fuse 35
Figure 9.3 Bus coupler 36
Figure 9.4 Pipe Earthing 37
Figure 9.5 Strip Earthing 37
Figure 9.6 Parabolic Sensor 37
Figure 9.7 HVPD (High Voltage Partial Discharge) 38
Figure 9.8 Control Room & Panel Room of Different Feeder 38