DATA SCIENCE
Worksheet:
1. Write a note about how data ecosystems evolve?
2. Define observational study?
subjects are observed and results are [Link] interference with the subject to affect the outcome
3. What is a sensor?
A survey is a research method used to collect data where the subjects are generally people.
In a survey, the process involves asking people for the information through a questionnaire.
The outcome of a survey depends heavily on the type of questions asked.
The questions should be carefully worded not to hurt the sentiment of the people being surveyed.
4. What is meant by Data forecasting?
Data forecasting is the process of estimating future outcomes by analyzing historical data, current
trends, and other variables using statistical models.
5. What is confidence interval?
In statistics, the term used to measure the accuracy of a result is called the confidence interval. A
confidence interval communicates how accurate our estimate is likely to be
6.
7. What is a trial assessment? Advantages and disadvantages of observational study
8. What is meant by correlation and explain the types with example
• Correlation, which describes the direction of relationship between two or more variables. Here,
we cannot assume that change in one variable gives rise to the change in the other variables.
E.g., Increase in sales of winter care products in USA is correlated to the increase in sales of
summer care products in Australia.
Causation, which shows that the occurrence of one event originates the occurrence of the other events.
E.g., Declaration of festive discounts causes increase in the number of purchased products.
[Link] is confidence interval? What are the different factors affecting the values of a confidence
interval for a given population?
Example:
Suppose the average height of a sample of 100 students is 160 cm, and we calculate a 95% confidence
interval as (158 cm, 162 cm).
This means:
We are 95% confident that the true average height of all students in the population lies between 158 cm
and 162 cm.
10. What are the things to keep in mind while creating a survey? And explain its types with example.
11. i. Write an R program to multiply two vectors of integers type and length 5.
ii. Write a R program to divide two vectors of integers type and length 5.
iii. Write a R program to add two vectors of integers type and length 5.
iv. Write a R program to find the minimum and the maximum of a Vector.
v. Write a R program to subtract two vectors of integers type and length 5.
x = c(10, 20, 30)
y = c(20, 10, 40)
# Multiply the corresponding elements of vectors 'x' and 'y' and store in 'z'
z=x*y
print(z)
# Addition the corresponding elements of vectors 'x' and 'y' and store in 'z'
z=x+y
print(z)
# Subtraction the corresponding elements of vectors 'x' and 'y' and store in 'z'
z=x-y
print(z)
# Division the corresponding elements of vectors 'x' and 'y' and store in 'z'
z=x/y
print(z)