Python for Data Science Roadmap
Phase 0 – Python Basics for Data Science
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1. Setup
- Install Python + Jupyter Notebook (Anaconda or pip install notebook)
- Learn how to run cells in Jupyter
2. Python Fundamentals
- Variables, data types (int, float, str, bool)
- Lists, tuples, sets, dictionaries
- for and while loops
- if / elif / else
- Functions (def, return values, parameters)
- Importing modules (import)
3. Working with Strings
- String slicing, .split(), .strip(), .replace()
- f-strings for formatting
4. Basic File Handling
- Reading and writing .txt and .csv
Phase 1 – Python for Data
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5. NumPy
- Creating arrays
- Indexing & slicing arrays
- Array math & broadcasting
- Aggregations (sum, mean, std, etc.)
- Boolean indexing
6. Pandas
- Series & DataFrame basics
- Reading data from CSV/Excel
- Selecting rows & columns (.loc, .iloc)
- Filtering & sorting
- Handling missing values
- Grouping & aggregations (groupby)
- Merging & joining DataFrames
7. Data Cleaning
- Removing duplicates
- Renaming columns
- Changing data types
8. Matplotlib & Seaborn
- Line plots, bar plots, histograms, scatter plots
- Plot customization (labels, titles, colors)
- Seaborn for quick statistical plots
Phase 2 – Core Data Science Skills
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9. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
- .describe() and .info()
- Detecting outliers
- Understanding distributions
10. Statistics for Data Science
- Mean, median, mode
- Variance, standard deviation
- Probability basics
- Correlation & covariance
- Hypothesis testing (t-test, chi-square)
11. Data Wrangling
- Pivot tables
- Reshaping with .melt() and .pivot()
- Time series basics (dates, .dt accessor)
Phase 3 – Machine Learning Foundations
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12. scikit-learn Basics
- Train-test split
- Linear regression
- Logistic regression
- Decision trees
- Evaluation metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score)
13. Feature Engineering
- Encoding categorical data
- Scaling numerical features
- Handling missing data
14. Model Selection
- Cross-validation
- Grid search for hyperparameters
Phase 4 – Advanced Topics for Data Science
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15. More ML Models
- Random Forest
- Gradient Boosting (XGBoost, LightGBM)
- Clustering (K-means, DBSCAN)
16. Deep Learning (Optional)
- PyTorch or TensorFlow basics
- Neural network architecture
17. Big Data Tools
- Spark with PySpark
- Dask for large datasets
Phase 5 – Real-World Application
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18. End-to-End Projects
- Data cleaning → EDA → modeling → visualization → report
- Kaggle datasets for practice
19. Version Control
- Git & GitHub basics
20. Deployment
- Export models with pickle
- Build a small Flask/FastAPI app