DIFFERENT FORMULAS ON DIFFERENTIATION

𝒅𝒚
Y 𝒅𝒙

sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥
tan 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
sec 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
cot 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 cot 𝑥
𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥
𝑎𝑥 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎
1
log 𝑥 𝑥

𝑥𝑛 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛−1
1
√𝑥 2 √𝑥

Constant 0
New formulas on inverse trigo functions

Y dy/dx
1
sin−1 𝑥
√1−𝑥 2
−1
cos −1 𝑥
√1−𝑥 2
1
tan−1 𝑥 1+𝑥 2
−1
cot −1 𝑥 1+𝑥 2
1
sec −1 𝑥
𝑥√𝑥 2 −1
−1
csc −1 𝑥
𝑥√𝑥 2 −1
Different operations on differentiation

𝑑
• ( 𝑓 + 𝑔) = 𝑓 ′ + 𝑔′
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
• ( 𝑚 𝑓 (𝑥 )) = 𝑚 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
• ( 𝑢 . 𝑣) = 𝑢 𝑣 ′ + 𝑣 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑢 𝑣.𝑢′ − 𝑢.𝑣′
• ( 𝑣) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣2
Lets study few examples we have gone through in class 11

𝑥3 5
1. 𝑦 = − 2√𝑥 +
3 𝑥2

𝑑𝑦 1 1
= ( 3𝑥 2 ) − 2 ( ) + 5 (−2𝑥 −3 )
𝑑𝑥 3 2√𝑥

1 10
= 𝑥2 − − 𝑥3
√ 𝑥

2. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 + 𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎

Sol.

𝑥 𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑒 log(𝑎 ) + 𝑒 log(𝑥 ) + 𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑎 + 𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 [ using the formula 𝑒 log 𝑢 = 𝑢]
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑎−1
𝑑𝑥
 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐
3. 𝑦 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

sol.

𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 . (− asin 𝑥 + 𝑏 cos 𝑥) − (𝑎 cos 𝑥 + 𝑏 sin 𝑥 + 𝑐 ) cos 𝑥

=
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
−𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥+𝑏 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥−𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥− 𝑏 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥−𝑐 cos 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
−𝑎−𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
4. 𝑦= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

Sol.
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) (tan 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥) − ( 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥)(sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥)
=
(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥)2

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥+𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥

=
(sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥)2

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
5. 𝑦 =
𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Sol.

𝑑𝑦 ( 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+cos 𝑥) ( 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )–(sin 𝑥−𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) ( 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)

= (𝑥 sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥

𝑥2
= (𝑥 sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥)2
 DIFFERENTIATION USING CHAIN RULE

The chain rule of differentiation actually deals with those functions whose
arguments are not x. ( say functions like sin(logx) , tan(logx) , 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 etc ) .
𝑑
Method: ( 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑔(𝑥)). 𝑔′ (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

Example:

1. 𝑦 = log(tan 𝑥)

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑
= . 𝑑𝑥 (tan 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 tan 𝑥

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
= tan 𝑥

2. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐( 𝑒 𝑥 )

Sol.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑒 𝑥 ) cot( 𝑒 𝑥 ). 𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥

= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑒 𝑥 ) cot( 𝑒 𝑥 ). 𝑒 𝑥
3. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(cot(√𝑥 ) )

Sol.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(cot √𝑥 ) cot(cot √𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥 (cot √𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(cot √𝑥 ) cot(cot √𝑥) (−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (√𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥 (√𝑥)
1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(cot √𝑥 ) cot(cot √𝑥) (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (√𝑥) . 2
√𝑥

4. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 (2𝑥)

Sol.

𝑦 = (sin 2𝑥 )3
, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 ( 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒)𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= 3(sin 2𝑥 )2 . 𝑑𝑥 (sin 2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
= 3 (sin 2𝑥 )2 cos 2𝑥 (2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
= 6 (sin 2𝑥 )2 cos 2𝑥

5. y= log 2(log 𝑥)

sol.
 log𝑒 (log 𝑥) log𝑒 𝑏
𝑦= [ using log 𝑎 𝑏 = ]
log𝑒 2 log𝑒 𝑎

1
= (log (log 𝑥))
log𝑒 2

𝑑𝑦 1 1 𝑑
= . 𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 log𝑒 2 log 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1 1 1
= .𝑥
𝑑𝑥 log𝑒 2 log 𝑥

6. 𝑦 = sin (𝑚 sin−1 𝑥)

Sol.

𝑑𝑦 1
= cos( 𝑚 sin−1 𝑥)𝑚 .
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2

7. 𝑦 = 2 x tan−1 x − log (1 + 𝑥 2 )

Sol.
 𝑑𝑦 1 1
= 2 [𝑥 . 1+𝑥2 + tan−1 𝑥] − ( 2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦
= 2 tan−1 𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥

8. 𝑦 = log ( 𝑥 + √1 + 𝑥 2 )

Sol .

1
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑
= . 𝑑𝑥 [𝑥 + (1 + 𝑥 2 )2 ]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+√1+𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 1 1
= . [1 + . (2𝑥 )]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+√1+𝑥 2 2√1+𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥+√1+𝑥 2
= [ ]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+√1+𝑥 2 √1+𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 1
= √1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

9. 𝐼𝑓 1331 𝑥 31 + 2732 𝑥 13 𝑦18 + 81 𝑦 31 = 0

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Prove that = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
10. Let 𝑓𝑛−1 (𝑥) = log(𝑓𝑛 (𝑥)) ; 𝑓0 (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
𝑑
Find 𝑑𝑥 (𝑓𝑛 (𝑥)) at x=1.
DIFFERENTIATION OF IMPLICIT FUNCTION

𝑑𝑦
1. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 = 42 , find 𝑑𝑥 .

Sol.

𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 + 𝑦) + 3𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
( 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 ) = −2(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 −2(𝑥+𝑦)
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+3𝑦 2

𝑑𝑦
2. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 3𝑥𝑦 ; find .
𝑑𝑥

Sol.

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 3(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
( 3𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 ) = 3𝑦 − 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑦−𝑥 2
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 2 −𝑥
 1 1 𝑑𝑦 1
3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑡 − ; 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 = 𝑡 2 + . 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 = .
𝑡 𝑡2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥3 𝑦

Sol.

1
( 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = (𝑡 − 𝑡 )2

1
𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = 𝑡 2 + 𝑡2 − 2

1 1
𝑡 2 + 𝑡2 + 2 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = 𝑡 2 + 𝑡2 − 2

2 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = −2

𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = −1

𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2 2𝑦 + 𝑦 2 2𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 −𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥2 𝑦2 1
= = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑦𝑥 2 𝑦𝑥 3 𝑦𝑥 3

𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
4. 𝐼𝑓 log( 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 2 tan−1 ( 𝑥 ) ; 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥−𝑦

Sol.
 1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑 𝑦
[ 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ] = 2 𝑦 2
. 𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑥 )
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 1+( 𝑥)

𝑑𝑦
2 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥−𝑦
= 𝑥2 +𝑦2 [ 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ] = 2 𝑦 2
[ ]
1+( 𝑥) 𝑥2

𝑑𝑦
2 𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 𝑥 −𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥2 +𝑦2 [ 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ] = 2 [ ]
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑥2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥+𝑦 =𝑥 −𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
𝑥+𝑦 = ( 𝑥 − 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
= .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥−𝑦

𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎+𝑦)
5. 𝐼𝑓 cos 𝑦 = 𝑥 cos(𝑎 + 𝑦) ; 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 = .
𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑎

Sol.

cos 𝑦
𝑥=
cos(𝑎+𝑦)

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
cos(𝑎+𝑦)(− sin 𝑦 𝑑𝑥)−cos 𝑦 (− sin(𝑎+𝑦)𝑑𝑥)
1= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎+𝑦)

𝑑𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎 + 𝑦) = (sin(𝑎 + 𝑦) cos 𝑦 − sin 𝑦 cos (𝑎 + 𝑦))
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎 + 𝑦) = sin(𝑎 + 𝑦 − 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎+𝑦)
=
𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑎

𝑑𝑦 −1
6. 𝐼𝑓 𝑥 √1 + 𝑦 + 𝑦√1 + 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥
= (1+𝑥)2
, given
𝑥≠𝑦

Sol.
𝑥 √1 + 𝑦 = −𝑦√1 + 𝑥

𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑦) = 𝑦 2 (1 + 𝑥)

𝑥2 + 𝑥2𝑦 = 𝑦2 + 𝑦2𝑥

𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑥 =0

(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑥𝑦(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 0

(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦) = 0
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦) = 0 [ 𝑥 ≠ 𝑦]

𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 = −𝑥

𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = −𝑥

−𝑥
𝑦= 1+𝑥

𝑑𝑦 (1+𝑥).1−𝑥.1
= −[ ]
𝑑𝑥 (1+𝑥)2

𝑑𝑦 1
= − (1+𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
7. If 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 ; 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑒 𝑦−𝑥

8. A function f satisfies the criteria f(xy) =f(x)+ f(y) , x and y are

positive . find f ’(x) .
 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎 log 𝑥
𝑎
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) =
𝑥
𝑁𝑜𝑤 ′
, 𝑓 (1) = 𝑎
𝑓 ′ (1)
𝑓 ; (𝑥 ) = 𝑥

1
9. If 5 𝑓(𝑥 ) + 3 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 then find 𝑓′(𝑥) 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1
7
(a) 1/2 (b) (c) 1 (d) none of
8
these

1
5 𝑓(𝑥 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2 ……..(1)
1
𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 𝑏𝑦 we have
𝑥
1 1
3𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 5 𝑓 (𝑥) = + 2 ………….(2)
𝑥

multiply (1) by 5 and (2) we have

1
25𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 15 𝑓 (𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 10
1 3
9𝑓(𝑥 ) + 15𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 6

3
16𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 − 𝑥 + 4

3
16 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 5 +
𝑥2
3
5+ 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝑥
16
At x = 1, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 1/2
 DIFFERENTIATION USING LOG

Consider the following four functions:

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑎

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥

For the first three functions we have a pre defined formula for finding
𝑑𝑦
. But what about the last function?
𝑑𝑥
its of the form 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 and we donot have any formula to
differentiate.
In this kind of cases we take log on both sides and we differentiate.

As In this case if we consider the following fuctions:

Example:
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥

log 𝑦 = log(𝑥 𝑥 )

log 𝑦 = 𝑥 log 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 1
=𝑥 + log 𝑥 . 1
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦
= 1 + log 𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦( 1 + log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

2. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 log 𝑥

log 𝑦 = log(sin 𝑥 log 𝑥 )

log 𝑦 = log 𝑥 . log(sin 𝑥)

1 𝑑𝑦 1 1
= log 𝑥 . (sin 𝑥 . cos 𝑥) + log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) . 𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔 sin 𝑥
= log 𝑥 cot 𝑥 +
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔 sin 𝑥
= 𝑦( log 𝑥 cot 𝑥 + )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔 sin 𝑥
= sin 𝑥 log 𝑥 ( log 𝑥 cot 𝑥 + )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 log 𝑥
 log 𝑦 = log(𝑥 log 𝑥 )

log 𝑦 = log 𝑥. log 𝑥 = (log 𝑥)2

1 𝑑𝑦 1
= 2 log 𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 2 log 𝑥
=
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 2 log 𝑥
=𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 2 log 𝑥
= 𝑥 log 𝑥 ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 log 𝑥
4. 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 ; 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 =
𝑑𝑥 (1+log 𝑥)2

log(𝑥 𝑦 ) = log(𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 )

𝑦 log 𝑥 = (𝑥 − 𝑦) log 𝑒

𝑦 log 𝑥 = (𝑥 − 𝑦) [log 𝑒 = 1]
𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥
 𝑦(1 + log 𝑥) = 𝑥

𝑥
𝑦= 1+log 𝑥

1
𝑑𝑦 (1+log 𝑥).1−𝑥( )
𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 (1+log 𝑥)2

𝑑𝑦 log 𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 (1+log 𝑥)2

𝑑𝑦 (1+log 𝑦)2
5. 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑦−𝑥 ; 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 =
𝑑𝑥 log 𝑦

Sol.
log(𝑦 𝑥 ) = log(𝑒 𝑦−𝑥 )

𝑥 log 𝑦 = (𝑦 − 𝑥) log 𝑒 = 𝑦 − 𝑥

𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 + 𝑥 = 𝑦

𝑥(log 𝑦 + 1) =y

𝑦
𝑥=
1+log 𝑦
 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
(1+log 𝑦) − 𝑦( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1= (1+log 𝑦)2

𝑑𝑦
(1 + log 𝑦)2 = 𝑑𝑥 log 𝑦

𝑑𝑦 (1+log 𝑦)2
=
𝑑𝑥 log 𝑦

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
6. If 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑚+𝑛 ; 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

Sol .

log(𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 ) = log(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑚+𝑛

log 𝑥 𝑚 + log 𝑦 𝑛 = (𝑚 + 𝑛) log(𝑥 + 𝑦)

𝑚 log 𝑥 + 𝑛 log 𝑦 = (𝑚 + 𝑛) log(𝑥 + 𝑦)

1 1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑚 +𝑛 = (𝑚 + 𝑛) 𝑥+𝑦 (1 + 𝑑𝑥 )
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝑚 𝑛 𝑑𝑦 𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛 𝑑𝑦
+ = +
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑛 𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛 𝑚
( − )= −
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑛𝑥+𝑛𝑦−𝑚𝑦−𝑛𝑦 𝑚𝑥+𝑛𝑥−𝑚𝑥−𝑚𝑦
( ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 (𝑥+𝑦) 𝑥(𝑥+𝑦)
 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑦+𝑥 log 𝑦)
7. 𝐼𝑓 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 = 1 ; 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥(𝑦 log 𝑥+𝑥)
𝑎𝑥 2 𝑏𝑥 𝑐
8. 𝑦 = (𝑥−𝑎)(𝑥−𝑏 )(𝑥−𝑏)
+ (𝑥−𝑏)(𝑥−𝑐) + 𝑥−𝑐 + 1 , prove that

𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= [ + 𝑏−𝑥 + 𝑐−𝑥]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑎−𝑥

Sol.

𝑎𝑥 2 𝑏𝑥 𝑥
𝑦= (𝑥−𝑎)(𝑥−𝑏 )(𝑥−𝑐)
+ (𝑥−𝑏)(𝑥−𝑐) + 𝑥−𝑐
𝑎𝑥 2 𝑥2
𝑦= (𝑥−𝑎)(𝑥−𝑏 )(𝑥−𝑐)
+ (𝑥−𝑏 )(𝑥−𝑐)

𝑥3
𝑦= (𝑥−𝑎)(𝑥−𝑏 )(𝑥−𝑐)

𝑥3
log 𝑦 = log (𝑥−𝑎)(𝑥−𝑏)(𝑥−𝑐)

log 𝑦 = log(𝑥 3 ) − log(𝑥 − 𝑎 )(𝑥 − 𝑏)(𝑥 − 𝑐)

log 𝑦 = 3 log 𝑥 − log(𝑥 − 𝑎 ) − log(𝑥 − 𝑏) − log(𝑥 − 𝑐)
1 𝑑𝑦 3 1 1 1
= − 𝑥−𝑎 − 𝑥−𝑏 − 𝑥−𝑐
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
 1 𝑑𝑦 3 1 1 1
= + 𝑎−𝑥 + 𝑏−𝑥 + 𝑐−𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1 1 1 1 1 1
= (𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑥) + (𝑥 + 𝑏−𝑥) + (𝑥 + 𝑐−𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= 𝑥(𝑎−𝑥) + 𝑥(𝑏−𝑥) + 𝑥(𝑐−𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= [ + + ]
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑎−𝑥 𝑏−𝑥 𝑐−𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= [𝑎−𝑥 + 𝑏−𝑥 + 𝑐−𝑥]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑥
9. If cos (2) cos (4) cos (8) … … . = 𝑥

1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1
Prove that 22 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (2) + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (4) + … . . = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 −
24 𝑥2
 𝑑𝑦
10. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥 log 𝑥 ; 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 .
𝑑𝑥

Sol.

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑥 ; 𝑣 = 𝑥 log 𝑥

𝑦=𝑢+𝑣

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= + 𝑑𝑥 ……….. (i)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥
log 𝑢 = 𝑥 log 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢 1
=𝑥 + log 𝑥 .1
𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑢
= 1 + log 𝑥
𝑢 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
= 𝑢(1 + log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = 𝑥 log 𝑥

log 𝑣 = log(𝑥 log 𝑥 )

log 𝑣 = log 𝑥 log 𝑥

log 𝑣 = (log 𝑥)2

1 𝑑𝑣 1
= 2 log 𝑥
𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
 𝑑𝑣 𝑣
= 2 log 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑣 2 log 𝑥
= 𝑥 log 𝑥 ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

Substituting in (i)
we have

𝑑𝑦 2 log 𝑥
= 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + log 𝑥) + 𝑥 log 𝑥 ( ) .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦
11. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 ; 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥

Sol.

Let u = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ; v = cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥

Y= u+v

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= + 𝑑𝑥 …..(i)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥

log 𝑢 = log(sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 )

log 𝑢 = cos 𝑥 log sin 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑢 cos 𝑥
= cos 𝑥 ( sin 𝑥 ) + log sin 𝑥. (− sin 𝑥)
𝑢 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑢
= cos 𝑥 cot 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 log sin 𝑥
𝑢 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
= 𝑢(cos 𝑥 cot 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 log sin 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
= sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 cot 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 log sin 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥

log 𝑣 = log(cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 )

log 𝑣 = sin 𝑥 log cos 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑣 –sin 𝑥
𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= sin 𝑥 [ cos 𝑥 ] + log cosx. (cos 𝑥)

𝑑𝑣
= 𝑢( − sin 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 log cos 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣
= cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 [( − sin 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + cos x log cos 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
 Substituting in (i) we have

𝑑𝑦
= sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 cot 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 log sin 𝑥) +
𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 [( − sin 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + cos x log cos 𝑥)]

1
1
12. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥+𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑥)𝑥

Sol.

1
1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 (𝑥+𝑥) ; 𝑣 = (𝑥 + 𝑥)𝑥

Y = u+v

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= + 𝑑𝑥 …… (i)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
(𝑥+𝑥)
𝑢= 𝑥

1
(𝑥+𝑥)
log 𝑢 = log 𝑥

1
log 𝑢 = (𝑥 + 𝑥) log 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑢 1 1 1
= (𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑥 + log 𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑢 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 −1
= + log 𝑥 ( )
𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥2

𝑑𝑢 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 −1
=𝑢[ + log 𝑥 ( )]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥2

1
𝑑𝑢 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 −1
= 𝑥 (𝑥+𝑥) [ + log 𝑥 ( )]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥2

1
𝑣 = (𝑥 + 𝑥)𝑥

1
log 𝑣 = log(𝑥 + 𝑥)𝑥

1
log 𝑣 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 𝑥)

1 𝑑𝑣 1 1 1
=𝑥 1 . (1 − 𝑥 2 ) + log(𝑥 + 𝑥)
𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑥

1 𝑑𝑣 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 +1
=𝑥 ( ) + log ( )
𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥2 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑣 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 +1
= + log ( )
𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥

𝑑𝑣 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 +1
= 𝑣 [ 𝑥 2 +1 + log ( )]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑣 1 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 +1
𝑑𝑥
= (𝑥 + 𝑥)𝑥 [ 𝑥 2 +1 + log ( 𝑥
)]
 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 −1
= 𝑥 (𝑥+𝑥) [ + log 𝑥 ( )]+
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥2
2
1 𝑥 𝑥 −1 𝑥2 + 1
(𝑥 + ) [ 2 + log ( )]
𝑥 𝑥 +1 𝑥