PRACTICE NUMERICALS (Unit- 2 Part-I)
Resistance of Conductors
1. A copper conductor has resistance of 0.12 Ω/km at 20°C.
Calculate resistance at 60°C.
(α = 0.004/°C)
2. A transmission conductor has resistance 0.15 Ω at 25°C.
Find resistance at 75°C.
(α = 0.0039/°C)
3. The resistivity of a conductor at 1°C is 1.6 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m.
Calculate resistivity at 50°C.
(α = 0.004/°C)
Skin Effect
4. Calculate skin depth of a copper conductor at 50 Hz.
(ρ = 1.72 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m, μ = μ₀)
5. Calculate skin depth of an aluminium conductor at 50 Hz.
(ρ = 2.82 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m, μ = μ₀)
Inductance of Single-Phase Lines
6. A single-phase overhead line has conductor spacing of 2 m and conductor radius of 1
cm.
Calculate inductance per conductor per km.
7. A single-phase two-wire overhead line has spacing 3 m and conductor radius 1.2 cm.
Find inductance per conductor per km.
Flux Linkages, GMR and GMD
8. Calculate GMR of a solid conductor of radius 1 cm.
9. Three conductors form an equilateral triangle of side 4 m.
Calculate GMD.
10. Three conductors form a right-angled triangle with sides 3 m, 4 m and 5 m.
Calculate GMD.
Inductance of 3-Phase Overhead Lines
(Single circuit only)
11. A 3-phase overhead line has equilateral spacing of 5 m and conductor radius of 1 cm.
Calculate inductance per phase.
12. A 3-phase overhead line has conductors placed horizontally with spacing 4 m and 6
m.
Calculate inductance per phase after transposition.
(Conductor radius = 1 cm)
13. A 3-phase overhead line has unsymmetrical spacing of 3 m, 5 m and 7 m.
Calculate inductance per phase after transposition.
(Conductor radius = 1 cm)
Bundled Conductors (Inductance)
14. A double bundled conductor has two sub-conductors of radius 1 cm spaced 40 cm
apart.
Calculate equivalent GMR.
15. A triple bundled conductor has sub-conductors of radius 1.2 cm arranged at the
corners of an equilateral triangle of side 45 cm.
Calculate equivalent GMR.
Electric Field and Potential
16. Calculate the potential at the surface of a single charged conductor of radius 1 cm
carrying a charge of 10 nC/m.
17. Two charged conductors are spaced 2.5 m apart.
If charge per unit length is 8 nC/m, calculate the potential difference between them.
Capacitance of Single-Phase Overhead Lines
18. Calculate capacitance per conductor of a single-phase overhead line with spacing 2.5
m and conductor radius 1 cm.
19. A single-phase overhead line has spacing 3 m and conductor radius 1.2 cm.
Calculate capacitance per conductor.
Capacitance of 3-Phase Overhead Lines
(Single circuit only)
20. Calculate capacitance per phase of a 3-phase equilateral overhead line with spacing 4
m and conductor radius 1 cm.
21. A 3-phase overhead line has conductors placed horizontally with spacing 4 m and 6
m.
Calculate capacitance per phase after transposition.
22. A 3-phase overhead line has unsymmetrical spacing of 3 m, 5 m and 7 m.
Calculate capacitance per phase after transposition.
Capacitance of Bundled Conductors
23. A double bundled conductor system increases capacitance by 20%.
If original capacitance was 0.008 μF/km, calculate new capacitance.
24. A bundled conductor increases effective conductor radius by 1.8 times.
Calculate percentage change in capacitance.
Effect of Earth on Capacitance
25. A single-phase overhead transmission line has two conductors of radius 1 cm placed 2
m apart at a height of 10 m above ground.
Calculate capacitance per conductor considering earth effect.
26. Two conductors of a single-phase overhead line are spaced 3 m apart and are at a
height of 8 m above ground.
If conductor radius is 1.2 cm, calculate capacitance per conductor considering earth
effect.
27. A single-phase overhead line has spacing 2.5 m and conductor radius 1 cm.
If height above ground increases from 6 m to 12 m, determine percentage change in
capacitance considering earth effect.
28. A 3-phase overhead line has conductors arranged in an equilateral triangle of side 4 m
at a height of 10 m above ground.
Calculate capacitance per phase considering earth effect.
29. A transposed 3-phase overhead line has horizontal spacing of 4 m and 6 m.
If conductor radius is 1 cm and height above ground is 9 m, calculate capacitance per
phase considering earth effect.
30. A 3-phase overhead line has unsymmetrical spacing of 3 m, 5 m and 7 m at a height
of 12 m above ground.
Calculate capacitance per phase considering earth effect.