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Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and hardening of magma or lava, with magma being molten rock below the Earth's surface and lava above. Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly underground, resulting in large crystals, while extrusive igneous rocks cool quickly on the surface, leading to small or no visible crystals. Common examples include granite and basalt, and they are often found near volcanoes.

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3 views3 pages

Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and hardening of magma or lava, with magma being molten rock below the Earth's surface and lava above. Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly underground, resulting in large crystals, while extrusive igneous rocks cool quickly on the surface, leading to small or no visible crystals. Common examples include granite and basalt, and they are often found near volcanoes.

Uploaded by

fungayi janhi
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© All Rights Reserved
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Types of rocks: Igneous Rocks

Cambridge Style Questions

1. Define the term igneous rock.


Igneous rock is a rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens.
2. Describe how igneous rocks are formed.
Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock cools and becomes solid.
3. State the difference between magma and lava.
Magma is molten rock below the Earth’s surface, while lava is molten rock on the
Earth’s surface.
4. Name two examples of igneous rocks.
Granite
basalt
5. Complete the sentence:
………………………..form when magma or lava cools and hardens.
6. Intrusive rocks form when magma cools:
Slowly underground
7. Extrusive rocks form when lava cools:
Quickly on the surface
8. State one place where igneous rocks are commonly formed.
Near volcanoes or beneath the Earth’s surface.
9. Explain why intrusive rocks have large crystals.
They cool slowly underground, giving crystals time to grow.
10. Explain why extrusive rocks have small crystals.
They cool quickly on the Earth’s surface, so crystals do not have time to grow.
11. What is molten rock called when it is below the Earth’s surface?
Magma
12. What is molten rock called when it reaches the Earth’s surface?
Lava
13. Describe what happens to magma as it cools.
It hardens and forms solid rock.
14. State one use of igneous rocks.
Building or road construction.
State whether its True or False
15 Igneous rocks may contain fossils.
False
[Link] rocks form from melted rock.
True
17. Give one example of an intrusive igneous rock.
Granite,gabro, diorite
18. Give one example of an extrusive igneous rock.
Basalt, obsidian, pumice
19. Describe one way igneous rocks reach the Earth’s surface.
Through volcanic eruptions or erosion.
20. Which cools faster: magma or lava? Explain your answer.
Lava cools faster because it is exposed to air or water on the surface.
21. State two characteristics of igneous rocks.
Hard and strong
Have crystals
22. A rock has large crystals and formed underground.
What type of igneous rock is it?
Intrusive igneous rock
23. A rock cooled very quickly after a volcanic eruption.
Describe the size of its crystals.
It will have small crystals or no visible crystals.

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