vector [123 marks]

1. [7 marks]
The plane П has the Cartesian equation 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 3
3 1
The line L has the vector equation r = (−5) + 𝜇 (−2) , 𝜇, 𝑝 ∈ ℝ. The acute angle
1 𝑝
between the line L and the plane П is 30°.
Find the possible values of 𝑝.

2. [5 marks]
Two ships, A and B , are observed from an origin O. Relative to O, their position vectors
at time t hours after midday are given by
4 5
rA = ( ) + 𝑡 ( )
3 8
7 0
rB = ( )+𝑡( )
−3 12
where distances are measured in kilometres.
Find the minimum distance between the two ships.
3a. [3 marks]
The lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 have the following vector equations where 𝜆, 𝜇 ∈ ℝ and 𝑚 ∈ ℝ.
3 2 −1 2
𝑙1 : 𝐫1 = (−2) + 𝜆 (1 ) 𝑙2 : 𝐫2 = (−4 ) + 𝜇 (−5 )
0 𝑚 −2𝑚 −𝑚
Show that 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 are never perpendicular to each other.

3b. [2 marks]
The plane 𝛱 has Cartesian equation 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 𝑝 where 𝑝 ∈ ℝ.

Given that 𝑙1 and 𝛱 have no points in common, find

3c. [2 marks]
the condition on the value of 𝑝.

4a. [2 marks]
The points A(5, −2,5), B(5,4, −1), C(−1, −2, −1) and D(7, −4, −3) are the vertices of a right-
pyramid.
→ →
Find the vectors AB and AC.
4b. [3 marks]
̂ C = 60.
Use a vector method to show that B A

4c. [3 marks]
Show that the Cartesian equation of the plane 𝛱 that contains the triangle ABC is −𝑥 + 𝑦 +
𝑧 = −2.

4d. [1 mark]
The line 𝐿 passes through the point D and is perpendicular to 𝛱.
Find a vector equation of the line 𝐿.

4e. [4 marks]
Hence determine the minimum distance, 𝑑min , from D to 𝛱.

4f. [4 marks]
Find the volume of right-pyramid ABCD.
5a. [1 mark]
𝑥+1
Consider the line 𝐿1 defined by the Cartesian equation = 𝑦 = 3 − 𝑧.
2

Show that the point (−1, 0, 3) lies on 𝐿1 .

5b. [3 marks]
Find a vector equation of 𝐿1 .

5c. [8 marks]
0 𝑎
Consider a second line 𝐿2 defined by the vector equation 𝐫 = (1) + 𝑡 (1 ), where 𝑡 ∈
2 −1
ℝ and 𝑎 ∈ ℝ.
Find the possible values of 𝑎 when the acute angle between 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 is 45.

5d. [7 marks]
It is given that the lines 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 have a unique point of intersection, A, when 𝑎 ≠ 𝑘.
Find the value of 𝑘, and find the coordinates of the point A in terms of 𝑎.
6a. [3 marks]
The lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 have the following vector equations where 𝜆, 𝜇 ∈ ℝ.
3 2
𝑙1 : 𝐫1 = (2 ) + 𝜆 (−2)
−1 2
2 1
𝑙2 : 𝐫2 = (0) + 𝜇 (−1)
4 1
Show that 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 do not intersect.

6b. [5 marks]
Find the minimum distance between 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 .

7a. [3 marks]
Consider the planes Π1 and Π2 with the following equations.
Π1 : 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6
Π2 : 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4
Find a Cartesian equation of the plane Π3 which is perpendicular to Π1 and Π2 and passes
through the origin (0, 0, 0).

7b. [2 marks]
Find the coordinates of the point where Π1 , Π2 and Π3 intersect.
9a. [2 marks]
Points A and B have coordinates (1, 1, 2) and (9, 𝑚, −6) respectively.
→
Express AB in terms of 𝑚.

9b. [5 marks]
−3 2
The line 𝐿, which passes through B, has equation 𝐫 = (−19) + 𝑠 (4 ).
24 −5
Find the value of 𝑚.

9c. [8 marks]
2 1
Consider a unit vector 𝐮, such that 𝐮 = 𝑝𝐢 − 3 𝐣 + 3 𝐤, where 𝑝 > 0.
→
Point C is such that BC = 9𝐮.
Find the coordinates of C.
10a. [4 marks]
The plane 𝛱1 has equation 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = −13 and the line 𝐿 has vector equation
1 −3
𝐫 = (2 ) + 𝜆 (−1) , 𝜆 ∈ ℝ.
−2 4
Given that 𝐿 meets 𝛱1 at the point P, find the coordinates of P.

10b. [4 marks]
Find the shortest distance from the point O(0, 0, 0) to 𝛱1 .

10c. [3 marks]
The plane 𝛱2 contains the point O and the line 𝐿.
Find the equation of 𝛱2 , giving your answer in the form 𝐫. 𝐧 = 𝑑.

10d. [5 marks]
Determine the acute angle between 𝛱1 and 𝛱2 .
11a. [2 marks]
−2 6
The points A and B have position vectors (4 ) and (8) respectively.
−4 0
−1
Point C has position vector (𝑘 ). Let O be the origin.
0
Find, in terms of 𝑘,
→ →
OA • OC.

11b. [1 mark]
→ →
OB • OC.

11c. [8 marks]
̂C = BO
Given that A O ̂ C, show that 𝑘 = 7.

11d. [6 marks]
Calculate the area of triangle AOC.