ESTIMATING GENERALIZED SKEW OF THE

LOG-PEARSON TYPE III DISTRIBUTION

FOR ANNUAL PEAK FLOODS IN ILLINOIS

by Kevin A. Oberg and Dean M. Mades

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4008

Prepared in cooperation with

ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION,

DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES

Urbana, Illinois

1987
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Dallas L. Peck, Director

For additional information Copies of this report can be

write to: purchased from:

District Chief Books and Open-File Reports Section

U.S. Geological Survey Western Distribution Branch
Water Resources Division U.S. Geological Survey
102 E. Main St., 4th Floor Box 25425, Federal Center
Urbana, IL 61801 Denver, CO 80225
[Phone: (303) 236-7476]
 CONTENTS

Page

Abstract................................................................ 1
Introduction............................................................ 1
Purpose and scope.................................................. 2
Previous work...................................................... 3
Acknowledgments.................................................... 3
Methods of study........................................................ 4
Gaging-station selection........................................... 4
Computation of station skew........................................ 4
Estimation of generalized skew..................................... 6
The Water Resources Council skew map.......................... 7
Isoline nap................................................... 9
Prediction equation........................................... 9
Regional-mean skew............................................ 9
Results................................................................. 10
Station skew....................................................... 10
Techniques for estimating generalized skew......................... 10
Comparison of flood estimates...................................... 17
Summary and conclusions................................................. 18
References cited........................................................ 19

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

Plate 1. Map showing study area and location of gaging stations

used to estimate generalized skew...................... in pocket
Figure 1. Graph showing effect of skew coefficient on frequency
curves computed using the log-Pearson Type III
distribution............................................... 5
2. Schema '. _ showing approach used to estimate generalized
skews and compute mean-square errors....................... 8
3. Graph showing schematic plot of selected characteristics
in the estimation and prediction sets................. 12
4. Map showing Water Resources Council isolines of
generalized skew.............................. 13
5. Map showing regions of generalized skew, 15

111
 TABLES

Page

Table 1. Values of generalized skew and mean-square errors of

selected techniques for estimating generalized skew, 16
2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging
stations in Illinois and adjacent States............ 22
3. Comparison of peak discharge estimates for selected
recurrence intervals............................... 40

FACTORS FOR CONVERTING INCH-POUND TO METRIC (SI) UNITS

Multiply inch-pound unit To obtain metric unit

Length

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Area

square mile 2.590 square kilometer

Volume

cubic foot (ft-*) 0.02832 cubic meter

Flow

cubic foot per second (ft^/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (ra^/s)

IV
 GLOSSARY

Annual peak discharge. The maximum instantaneous peak discharge in a water

year.

Confidence limits. Hypothetical frequency curves which will envelop the

population frequency curve with a given degree of confidence.

Discharge. The volume of water, in cubic feet per second, that passes a given
point within a given period of time.

Flood frequency. The probability that a given flow is equaled or exceeded in

a given year. It is equal to 1 divided by the recurrence interval.

Frequency distribution. Function describing the relative frequency with which

events of various magnitudes occur.

Gaging station. A particular site on a stream where a systematic record of

gage height and discharge is obtained.

Generalized skew. Skew coefficients derived by a procedure that integrates

skew coefficients obtained at many locations.

Mean-square error (MSB). Sum of the squared differences between the station
skew and generalized skew divided by the number of observations. It can be
also be defined as the bias squared plus the variance of the quantity.

Outlier. Data points of extreme events which depart from the trend of other
data points.

Skew coefficient. Numerical measure or index of the lack of symmetry in a

frequency distribution. It is a function of the third moment of magnitudes
about their mean, which is a measure of asymmetry. Also called coefficient
of skewness.

Station skew. Skew coefficient of the logarithms of annual peak discharge

values available for the period of record at a streamflow gaging station.

Weighted skew. Skew coefficient computed by combining the generalized skew

and station skew in inverse proportion to their individual mean-square
errors.
 ESTIMATING GENERALIZED SKEW OF THE LOG-PEARSON TYPE III

DISTRIBUTION FOR ANNUAL PEAK FLOODS IN ILLINOIS

by Kevin A. Oberg and Dean M. Mades

ABSTRACT

Several techniques for estimating generalized skew of the log-Pearson

Type III distribution in Illinois were evaluated. Station skews (skew
coefficients computed from gaging-station records) were used to develop these
techniques. Peak-flow records at 730 gaging stations having 10 or more annual
peaks were selected for computing station skews. These gaging stations were
located in Illinois and parts of Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, and
Wisconsin. Station skew values ranged from -3.55 to 2.95, with a mean of
-0.11.

Four techniques for estimating generalized skew in Illinois were evaluated:

(1) A generalized skew map of the United States, (2) an isoline map, (3) a pre-
diction equation, and (4) a regional-mean skew. A generalized skew map of the
United States was developed by the U.S. Water Resources Council (WRC) in 1976.
Attempts to develop an isoline map of skew coefficients and a prediction equa-
tion relating skew coefficients to basin characteristics were unsuccessful.
Three variations of a regional-mean skew technique were developed. However,
they are only slightly more accurate than the WRC generalized skew map.

Frequency curves computed for 30 gaging stations in Illinois using the

variations of the regional-mean skew technique are similar to frequency curves
computed with the WRC skew map. Estimates of the 50-, 100-, and 500-year
floods computed for 29 of these gaging stations using the regional-mean skew
techniques are within the 50-percent confidence limits of frequency curves
computed using the WRC skew map.

Although the three variations of the regional-mean skew technique were

slightly more accurate than the WRC map, there is no appreciable difference
between flood estimates computed using the variations of the regional-mean
technique and flood estimates computed using the WRC skew map.

INTRODUCTION

Accurate estimates of the magnitude and frequency of floods are often

required in the planning and design of water-resources projects and in flood-
plain management. The Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data (1982)
recommends using the log-Pearson Type III probability distribution to define
the frequency of occurrence of annual peak discharges. The log-Pearson
Type III distribution is defined by the mean, standard deviation and skew
coefficient of the logarithms of discharge. Estimates of the peak discharge
for small exceedance probabilities are sensitive to the value of the skew
coefficient.

Estimates of the skew coefficient for a single gaging station are biased
and subject to large sampling errors, especially when computed from short
periods of streamflow records. The accuracy of skew coefficient estimates may
be improved by using information from nearby gaging stations to develop a
generalized skew. The U.S. Water Resources Council (WRC) has published a map
of generalized skew values for the United States (U.S. Water Resources Council,
1976). The map shows isolines of skew coefficient values and the-average skew
coefficient for each 1-degree quadrangle of latitude and longitude, with the
exception of the southern tip of Illinois, the map shows a generalized skew of
-0.4 for most of the State. There is, however, wide variation in average skew
coefficients in the 1-degree quadrangles from -1.55 to 0.25.

Station skews used to develop the map were calculated using procedures
that are in some cases different than those currently recommended. In par-
ticular, the low outlier test used was less stringent than the one currently
recommended by the Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee
on Water Data (1982). In 1981, the WRC updated and revised the guidelines for
flood frequency analysis but did not revise the generalized skew map.

Purpose and Scope

This report describes the results of a study to determine an accurate

technique for estimating generalized skew in Illinois and to evaluate the
appropriateness of the WRC map of generalized skew in Illinois.

Selection of gaging stations used in this study was based on several

criteria. Gaging stations having 10 or more annual peak discharges through
water year 1983 were used in this study. Gaging stations on streams where
annual peak flow is regulated or affected by diversion were excluded from
analysis. Gaging stations from adjacent States were used to minimize
"State-line" discontinuities in generalized skew.

Station skews were computed using guidelines published in Bulletin 17B

(Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data,
1982). A bias correction factor suggested by Tasker and Stedinger (1986) was
used to compute an unbiased estimate of station skew.

Four techniques for estimating generalized skew were evaluated: (1) The
WRC skew map, (2) an isoline map of skew for the study area, (3) a prediction
equation relating skew to basin and climatological characteristics, and (4) the
mean station skew for selected regions in the study area.

Methods used to select gaging stations, compute station skews, and esti-
mate generalized skew are described first. Results of station-skew computa-
tions and a description of the technique selected to estimate generalized skew
are presented next. Flood estimates based on the technique selected and the
WRC generalized skew map are compared. The main ideas presented in the report
and conclusions based on the study are summarized in a final section.

Previous Work

Hardison (1974) first suggested the use of a map of generalized skew for
the United States. In 1976, the WRC revised Hardison 1 s map of generalized
skew for the United States and published it in Bulletin 17 (U.S. Water
Resources Council, 1976). Skews from this map, instead of the station skews,
were to be used in flood frequency analysis for gaging stations having less
than 25 annual peaks. The generalized skew was to be weighted with the sta-
tion skew for gaging stations having between 25 and 100 annual peaks. For
gaging stations having 100 or more annual peaks, station skew was to be used.
The WRC revised its guidelines in 1981 and adopted a weighting scheme
suggested by Tasker (1978). In 1982, the WRC ceased to exist; however, the
Hydrology Subcommittee continued its work within the IACWD (Interagency
Advisory Committee on Water Data).

District offices of the Corps (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) have

developed several procedures to estimate generalized skew. These procedures
were developed for use in their respective Districts and are not for use
statewide.

Based on a study completed in 1978, the Chicago District adopted skews

of 0.1 and -0.2 for three regions in Illinois (C. A. Dovas, Corps, written
commun., 1984). The St. Louis District adopted a mean skew of -0.3 for the
portion of that District within Illinois (J. T. Lovelace, Corps, written
commun., 1984). The Louisville District uses a mean skew of -0.2 (II. M.
Whittle, Corps, written commun., 1984) for the Wabash and Ohio River drainage
basins in Illinois. The Rock Island District has completed two studies to
estimate generalized skew (G. Johnson, Corps, written commun., 1984). The
result of the first study was an isoline map for all of the District north of
the Illinois River basin, except along the Mississippi River where a mean skew
of -0.1 was recommended. In 1981, the Rock Island District completed a study
to estimate generalized skew for the Illinois River basin. Mean skews of
-0.3 and -0.2 were adopted for the Illinois and Indiana portions of the river
basin, respectively.

Acknowledgments

The assistance of Messrs. George Johnson, Christos A. novas, Noah M.

Whittle, and James T. Lovelace of the Corps in providing information about
Corps' skew studies is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also wish to
acknowledge the following colleagues for providing information about peak flow
records at gaging stations in their States: Dale Glatfelter, Indianapolis,
Indiana; James Bettandorf, Louisville, Kentucky; Loyd Waite, Rolla, Missouri;
Ivan Burmeister and Oscar Lara, Iowa City, Iowa; and Duane Conger, Madison,
Wisconsin.
 METHODS OF STUDY

Gaging-Station Selection

Selection of gaging stations used in this study was based on several

criteria. Annual peak discharges for gaging stations in Illinois and portions
of Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, and Wisconsin were used in this study.
Gaging stations in adjacent States were used in order to minimize "State-line"
discontinuities in generalized skew. Gaging stations having 10 or more annual
peak discharges that were not significantly affected by regulation or diver-
sion were selected. The unregulated annual peak discharges for stations where
streamflow has been both unregulated and regulated for certain periods of time
were also used.

Computation of Station Skew

The Pearson Type III frequency distribution with a common- logarithmic

transformation of the discharges (log-Pearson Type III distribution) is recom-
mended by the Hydrology Subcommittee of the IACWD (1982) for defining the fre-
quency of occurrence of floods in an annual flood series. The log-Pearson
Type III distribution is defined by three parameters the mean, standard
deviation, and skew coefficient which can be calculated by the method of
moments. The mean, "X~, is computed from the equation:
,_ C"«r

x = n ; (D

the standard deviation, S, from the equation:

and the skew coefficient, G, from the equation:

G = , ; (3)
(n-1)(n-2)S 3

where X = common logarithm of annual peak discharge, and

n = number of annual-peak discharges.

The skew coefficient is a measure of the asymmetry of the frequency

distribution. The effect of skew coefficient on frequency curves is shown in
figure 1. The log-Pearson Type III frequency distribution is equivalent to
a loq-normal distribution when the skew coefficient is zero. The discharge
corresponding to small exceedance probabilities (less than 0.10) will be
larger for a positively skewed distribution and smaller for a negatively
skewed distribution when compared to a normal distribution.
 1 00,000 i r i i r i i r

LLJ
LLJ

o Skew = 1.0
CD
D
O

. Q
LU 2
o o = -1.0
< LU 1 0,000
n: co
o
co c

LU
Q_

D Skew = 0.0
Z
Z

1000
i i i
0.99 0.90 0.70 0.50 0.30 0.10 0.01

EXCEEDANCE PROBABILITY

Figure 1. Effect of skew coefficient on frequency curves computed

using the log-Pearson Type III distribution.
 Estimates of station skew are sensitive to extremely high and low peak
discharges in the annual flood series. Methods used in this study to identify
outliers are the same as those described by the Hydrology Subcommittee of the
IACWD (1982). High outliers were examined for errors and were compared with
peaks at nearby sites. Suspect discharges were eliminated from the annual
series and the peak-flow statistics (mean, standard deviation, and skew
coefficient) were recalculated. When low outliers were detected, the peak-flow
statistics were recomputed without the outlier and a conditional probability
adjustment was performed (Hydrology Subcommitte of the IACWD, 1982 p. 18).
The peak-flow statistics were also adjusted when historic information indi-
cated that a high outlier or a peak occurring outside the systematic record
was the maximum for an extended period of time.

Station skew, G in equation 3, is a biased estimate of the population

skew coefficient, g (Wallis and others, 1974, p. 216). A nearly unbiased
estimate of the population skew coefficient, Gg / can be obtained by multi-
plying G times a bias correction factor as shown in equation 4 (Tasker and
Stedinger, 1986):

Gg = (1 + 6/n) * G . (4)

This nearly unbiased estimate of station skew is hereafter referred to as

unbiased station skew.

Estimation of Generalized Skew

Use of a generalized skew is desirable because station skew is sensitive

to extreme events. Accurate estimates of station skew are also difficult to
obtain from gaging stations having short record lengths. Therefore, the
Hydrology Subcommittee of the IACWD (1982) recommends using gaging stations
having 25 or more annual peak discharges to minimize time-sampling errors.
Four techniques for estimating generalized skew in Illinois were evaluated:
(1) The WRC skew map, (2) an isoline map of skew for the study area, (3) a
prediction equation relating skew to basin and climatological characteristics,
and (4) the mean skew of selected regions. The three latter techniques are
suggested by the Hydrology Subcommittee of the IACWD (1982, p. 11).

A procedure for performing WLS (weighted least squares) regression was

used in conjunction with the three latter techniques for estimating general-
ized skew. The WLS regression procedure provides better estimates of regres-
sion coefficients and a more accurate estimate of the variance of prediction
at a site than ordinary least squares regression does (Tasker and Stedinger,
1986). An accurate estimate of the variance of prediction is necessary to
properly weight generalized skew and station skew as recommended by the
Hydrology Subcommittee of the IACWD (1982). In addition, WLS regression
facilitates the use of gaging stations having as few as 10 annual peak
discharges, since time-sampling errors for estimates of station skew are
accounted for in the regression procedure.
 The accuracy of all four techniques was evaluated using a split-sampling
approach (Tasker, 1982, p. 967). Split sampling is the reservation of a por-
tion of available data to obtain an independent measure of the accuracy of an
estimating technique. It is an effective way to compare different techniques
for estimating the same variable. The entire set of gaging stations was split
into two sets of approximately equal size, having similar geographic distribu-
tions and similar ranges in basin characteristics and station skew values.
One set, the estimation set, was used in the application of each technique for
estimating generalized skew; the other, the prediction set, was used to com-
pute the MSE (mean-square error) of each technique.

The MSE is a measure of the accuracy of an estimating technique. It is

computed by dividing the sum of the squared differences between generalized
skew, 7?, and station skew, G, by the number of stations in the prediction set,
N, as shown in equation 5:

MSE = _ . (5)

Values for <T were determined from each of the four techniques for estimating
generalized skew.

The most accurate technique the one with the lowest MSE was selected
for comparison with the WRC skew map. A schematic of the approach used to
select the "best" technique is illustrated in figure 2. The methods used to
develop each technique for estimating generalized skew are described in the
following sections.

The Water Resources Council Skew Map

The map of generalized skew was developed by the WRC (1976) using gaging
stations having 25 or more years of nearly homogeneous, unregulated annual
peak discharges through water year 1973. Low outliers were identified using
equation 5 and figure 14-1 in Bulletin 17 (U.S. Water Resources Council,
1976). Low outliers were not used to compute station skews. No attempt was
made to identify high outliers or to use information about historic floods;
nor were frequency curves examined in detail.

Average station skews were computed for groups with at least 15 long-term
gaging stations in 4 or more 1-degree quadrangles of latitude and longitude.
The average station skews were bhen used to draw the contour lines of general-
ized skew. Allowance for time-sampling error in the computation of the
average station skew was made by drawing contours that were, in some cases, a
few tenths different from group averages.

A MSE of 0.302 for the skew map of the United States has been published
by the Hydrology Subcommittee of the IACWD (1982, n. 13). However, bhis MSE
is not directly comparable to MSE's of the other techniques used to estimate
generalized skew in Illinois. Therefore, a MSE of the WRC skew map was com-
puted for the study area using equation 5.
 COMPUTE STATION SKEW

Estimation Set Prediction Set

Prediction Regional
Isoline Map
Equation Mean Skew

Compute the Mean-Square Error

Prediction Regional
Equation Mean Skew WRC Skew Map

Select the most accurate technique

Compare to WRC Skew Map

Figure 2.--Approach used to estimate generalized skews and compute

mean-square errors. (WRC is U.S. Water Resources
Council.)
 Isoline Map

The following procedure was used to develop a contour map of generalized

skew based on station skews from the estimation set. Station skews were
plotted at each gaging station location on a map of the study area. Plotted
skew coefficients were examined for areal and topographic trends. Contours of
constant skew coefficient values were drawn if a trend was evident. If no
trends were evident, the isoline map was not drawn.

Prediction Equation

A prediction equation for estimating generalized skew was developed by

performing multiple linear regression analysis to relate station skews to
basin and climatological characteristics. The characteristics considered
were drainage area, main channel slope, stream length, mean basin elevation,
the 2-year 24-hour precipitation intensity, percent of basin having forested
cover, and percent of basin in lakes, ponds, and swamps (referred to as
percent of basin in storage). Station skew and unbiased station skew were
plotted versus each basin and climatological characteristic. Each of the
characteristics were also transformed using common logarithms and plotted
versus station skew and unbiased station skew. These plots were examined for
evidence of correlation between station skew or unbiased station skew and
basin or climatological characteristics.

The basin or climatological characteristics most correlated with station

skew or unbiased station skew were considered in the regression analysis.
Prediction equations relating unbiased station skew to basin and climatologi-
cal characteristics were developed using WLS regression. The "best" predic-
tion equation selected was the one having (1) the lowest average variance of
prediction and (2) regression coefficients not equal to zero at the 0.10 level
of significance.

Regional-Mean Skew

A regional-mean skew was determined using the following procedure. The

study area was divided into subregions based on hydrologic unit areas (Seaber
and others, 1984) and physiography (Fenneman, 1931; Leighton and others,
1948). Subregions were then combined in alternative ways to form larger
regions so that the study area was represented by five or fewer regions, each
of which was continuous and had at least 20 gaging stations. The mean and the
variance of station skews were computed for each region. Weighted-mean skew
coefficients were also computed for each region using WLS regression, unbiased
station skews, and qualitative variables (Neter and others, 1985, p. 328).
The combination of subregions giving the lowest average variance for the study
area was selected for comparison with three other techniques for estimating
generalized skew.
 RESULTS

The results of this study are presented in the following sections. In

the first section, the results of gaging-station selection and station-skew
computations are presented. In the second section, the split-sampling
approach and the results of the four techniques for estimating generalized
skew are discussed. In the second section, values of generalized skew and the
MSE's associated with each technique are also presented. Frequency curves
computed using the WRC map and the regional-mean technique to estimate general-
ized skew are compared in the third section.

Station Skew

Peak-flow records from gaging stations located in Illinois, western

Indiana, southern Wisconsin, eastern Iowa, eastern Missouri, and western
Kentucky (plate 1) were evaluated for use in estimating generalized skew.
Records of 10 or more annual peak discharges through water year 1983 are
available at 898 of these gaging stations. Personnel from U.S. Geological
Survey offices in Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, and Wisconsin assisted
in examining peak-flow records at each gaging station to determine whether
the records were suitable for use in a regional peak-flow study. Peak-flow
records at 166 gaging stations were excluded from further analysis because
annual peak discharges are significantly affected by regulation or diversion.
Records for 730 gaging stations were selected for use in estimating generalized
skew. The locations of the gaging stations selected are shown on plate 1.
Map index numbers on plate 1 are referenced to U.S. Geological Survey eight-
digit downstream-order station-identification numbers given in table 2.

Peak-flow statistics were computed for each gaging station using equa-
tions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Frequency curves defined by these statistics
were plotted for each gaging station and examined in detail for any irregu-
larities. Values for each peak-flow statistic are shown in table 2. Station
skew values ranged from -3.55 to 2.95, with a mean of -0.11. Unbiased station
skews were computed using equation 4; values ranged from -4.47 to 4.22. Table
2 also shows the name, drainage area, and number of annual peaks for each
gaging station. The range in the number of annual peaks used to compute sta-
tion skews was from 10 to 85, with an average of 28.

Techniques for Estimating Generalized Skew

Peak-flow statistics and basin characteristics computed for every gaging

station were split into two sets, the estimation and the prediction sets.
The estimation set has 364 gaging stations, and the prediction set has 366
gaging stations. One-hundred-sixty-seven gaging stations in the estimation
set and 168 gaging stations in the prediction set have 25 or more annual peak
discharges.

10
 Data in the estimation set were used to develop three of the four tech-
niques for estimating generalized skew in Illinois. Data in the prediction
set were used to determine the accuracies of all four techniques for esti-
mating generalized skew in Illinois (see fig. 2).

Box and whisker plots (Vellman and Hoagland, 1981) in figure 3 show that
station skew, unbiased station skew/ drainage area, and the number of annual
peaks used to compute station skew have similar statistical properties for
both sets. The ends of the whiskers represent the range of values, the ends
of the boxes represent 25 and 75 percent quartiles and the line in the middle
of each box represents the median value. The median value of station skew for
each set is almost the same as the median value of unbiased station skew.
However, the variance of unbiased station skews is much greater than the
variance of station skews. This is shown in figure 3, where the ends of the
whiskers and the 25- and 75- percent quartiles are further apart for unbiased
station skew than for station skew. The larger variance in unbiased station
skew is due to the factor used to correct station skews for bias (see eq. 4).

Four techniques for estimating generalized skew in Illinois were evalu-

ated: (1) The WRC map, (2) an isoline map, (3) a prediction equation, and
(4) a regional-mean skew. The map developed by the WRC (U.S. Water Resources
Council, 1976) shows isolines of generalized skew for the United States.
Generalized skew values for all gaging stations in the estimation set range
from -0.40 to -0.22 (fig. 4). The average value of generalized skew for the
367 gaging stations in the estimation set is -0.39. For most of Illinois, the
value of generalized skew from the WRC map is a constant -0.4; in the southern
one-quarter of the State values of generalized skew begin to increase slightly.

The accuracy of the WRC skew map in the study area was computed using
values of station skew (G) and unbiased station skew (Gg). The MSE based on
station skews for gaging stations having at least 25 annual peak discharges in
the prediction set is 0.24. The MSE based on unbiased station skews (Gg ) com-
puted with all gaging stations in the prediction set is 0.63.

The second technique considered was an isoline map. Each station skew
value from the estimation set was plotted on a map of the study area at its
corresponding gaging station location. Station skew values were then examined
for regional trends. No areal or topographic trends in station skew were
observed; therefore, no isoline map was drawn. This technique was dropped
from further consideration.

The third technique evaluated was a prediction equation relating unbiased

station skew to basin and climatological characteristics. Station skews and
unbiased station skews are not well correlated with any of the basin and cli-
matological characteristics considered in the study. Plots of station skew
and unbiased station skew versus each of the basin and climatological charac-
teristics showed no evidence of a meaningful relation between station skew or
unbiased station skew and any of the basin characteristics. Attempts to
relate unbiased station skews to basin and climatological characteristics
using linear regression analyses were also unsuccessful. This technique was
also dropped from further consideration.

11
 5.0
B
A B
4.0
B
3.0
A
f\ B
O
2.0
CO
I- 1.0

0
O
0.0

-1.0
i Number of
Annual Peaks

Drainage Area
-2.0

-3.0

-4.0 Station Skew

-5.0 Unbiased
Station Skew

EXPLANATION

Maximum

75% Quartile A-Computed for gaging

stations in the
Median estimation set
25% Quartile
B - Computed for gaging
stations in the
Minimum
prediction set

Figure 3. Schematic plot of selected characteristics in

the estimation and prediction sets.

12
 95

EXPLANATION
150 MILES
'-0.4 Line of equal 150 KILOMETERS
generalized skew

Figure 4. Water Resources Council isolines of generalized skew.

Modified from U.S. Water Resources Council (1976).

13
 The fourth technique considered was the regional-mean skew technique.
Three variations of this technique were evaluated by computing generalized
skew with the following methods:

1. Mean of unbiased station skews in the estimation set for gaging

stations in each of three regions,

2. Mean of unbiased station skews for all stations in the estimation

set, and

3. Mean of station skews (not corrected for bias) for all gaging
stations having 25 or more annual peaks in the estimation set.

These three variations of the regional-mean skew technique are hereafter

referred to as R1, R2, and R3, respectively.

Three regions of generalized skew were defined for R1 (fig. 5) using maps
of hydrologic unit areas (Seaber and others, 1984). Region 1 has a value of
-0.40 for generalized skew and includes northern Illinois, eastern Iowa,
eastern Missouri, southern Wisconsin, and most of the Kaskaskia and Little
Wabash River basins in Illinois. Region 2 is composed primarily of the
Chicago and Milwaukee metropolitan areas including the Des Plaines Ri^er
basin. Generalized skew for Region 2 is -0.10. Region 3 has a generalized
skew of 0.08. It includes the lower Illinois River basin, most of the Wabash
and White River basins in Indiana, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois.
Values of generalized skew are weighted means of unbaised station skews in
each region. They were computed using the WLS regression procedure with
qualitative variables to define the regions. The MSE of generalized skew is
0.60.

The generalized skew and MSE for R2 are based on all unbiased station
skews in the estimation and prediction sets, respectively. The generalized
skew and MSE for R2 are -0.14 and 0.56, respectively. The value of generalized
skew is the mean of unbiased station skews for the entire study area.

The generalized skew and MSE for R3 are based on station skews in the
estimation and prediction set, respectively. Generalized skew was computed as
the mean of station skews for the entire study area. Only station skews for
gaging stations having 25 or more annual peak discharges were used to estimate
generalized skew and compute the MSE. The generalized skew for R3 is -0.16;
the MSE is 0.20.

Generalized skew and mean-square error values computed for the WRC skew
map, R1, R2, and R3 are summarized in table 1. The value of generalized
skew for the WRC map shown in table 1 is the mean of WRC map skew values for
gaging stations in the estimation set. The MSB's shown for the WRC skew map
were computed for comparison purposes only, not for use in flood frequency
analysis.

As previously mentioned, unbiased station skews have a greater variance

than station skews due to the bias correction factor. The accuracy of tech-
niques developed using unbiased station skews (R1 and R2) is less than the

14
 EXPLANATION
150 MILES
Generalized Skew Values
150 KILOMETERS
-0.40 / -0.10 [~ 0.08

Figure 5.--Regions of generalized skew,

15
 Table 1. Values of generalized skew and mean-square errors
of selected techniques for estimating generalized skew

[Techniques R1, R2, and R3 are described in section

"Techniques for Estimating Generalized Skew"]

Generalized Mean-square
skew(s) error

Techniques based on station

skews *

WRC skew map -0.39 0.24

R3 - .16 .20

Techniques based on unbiased

station skews ^

WRC skew map - .39 .63

R2 -.14 .56

R1 - .40
- .10 .60
.08

* Values of generalized skew and mean square error based on

records from gaging stations with 25 or more annual peak
discharges.
2 Values of generalized skew and mean-square error based on
records from gaging stations with 10 or more annual peak
discharges.

accuracy of techniques using station skews (WRC skew map and R3). The MSE's
computed using unbiased station skew (R1, R2, and WRC skew map) were more than
double those computed using station skew (R3 and WRC skew map). This differ-
ence in accuracy is also due to the bias correction factor used to compute
unbiased station skews. The bias correction factor had little impact on
values of generalized skew.

R1, R2, and R3 are only slightly more accurate than estimates of general-
ized skew obtained from the WRC skew map (table 1). Because differences in
accuracy between techniques are small, the best technique for estimating
generalized skew is not readily apparent. R3 may, however, be most appropri-
ate for several reasons:

16
 1. Station skews are presently not corrected for bias when doing
flood frequency analysis,

2. Gaging stations having 25 or more annual peaks were used to

compute the generalized skew, as recommended by the Hydrology
Subcommittee of the IACWD (1982, p. 11),

3. R3 is similar to the WRC skew map in that generalized skew

from the WRC map is constant for most of the study area, and

4. R3 has the lowest mean square error.

Comparison of Flood Estimates

Based on a comparison of MSE's determined for each generalized skew esti-

mating technique, there is no technique significantly better than the WRC skew
map. Flood-frequency curves computed for individual gaging stations using R1,
R2, or R3 may, however, be considerably different than flood-frequency curves
computed using the WRC skew map. Four flood-frequency curves were computed
using (1) the WRC skew map, (2) R1, (3) R2, and (4) R3. In addition, 50-
percent confidence limits were computed for the frequency curves determined
using the WRC skew map. Procedures for computing confidence limits outlined
by the Hydrology Subcommittee of the IACWD (1982, Appendix 9) were followed.
The 50-percent confidence limits were computed because they provide a rela-
tively narrow confidence interval for comparing the four frequency curves.

Four frequency curves were computed at each of 30 gaging stations; one

frequency curve each for the WRC skew map, R1, R2, and R3. Gaging stations
located throughout Illinois, having a range in station skew and drainage area
similar to that found in the estimation and prediction sets, were selected.
A weighted estimate of skew (Hydrology Subcommittee of the IACWD, 1982, p.
12-13) was used to compute each frequency curve and the 50-percent confidence
limits. The weighted skew estimate is computed by weighting station and
generalized skew in inverse proportion to their individual mean square errors.
Station skews were computed using equation 3. The MSE of station skew was
determined using equation 6 in Bulletin 17B (Hydrology Subcommittee of the
IACWD, 1982, p. 13). Generalized skew values were determined using the WRC
skew map, R1, R2, and R3. The MSE of generalized skew for R1, R2, and R3 was
taken from table 1. Generalized skews from the WRC skew map were assigned a
MSE of 0.302 (Hydrology Subcommittee of the IACWD, 1982, p. 13).

Peak discharge estimates of the 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence inter-
val floods were taken from each frequency curve (table 3). In addition, the
50-percent confidence limits were computed for frequency curves determined
using the WRC skew map. The 50-percent confidence limits of the 50-, 100-,
and 500-year flood estimates are also shown in table 3.

Peak discharge estimates computed using R1, R2, and R3 to estimate

generalized skew are not much different than those computed using the WRC skew
map. Only one gaging station (05526500) has peak discharge estimates that are
consistently outside the confidence limits for the 50-, 100-, and 500-year peak

17
discharges. The peak discharge estimates that fell outside the 50-percent
confidence were computed for gaging station 05526500 using R1. One of the
estimates of the 500-year peak discharge for gaging station 05536335 is also
outside the 50-percent confidence limits. Frequency curves computed using
variations of the regional-mean technique (R1, R2, and R3) are not signifi-
cantly different from frequency curves computed using the WRC map skews.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Gaging stations having 10 or more annual peak discharges that were not
significantly affected by regulation or diversion were considered for use in
estimating generalized skew. Gaging stations from adjacent States were used
to minimize "State-line" discontinuities in generalized skew. Station skews
were computed for each gaging station according to guidelines published by the
Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data.
An unbiased estimate of station skew, referred to as unbiased station skew,
was also computed by multiplying station skew by a bias correction factor.

A split-sampling approach was used to evaluate four techniques for esti-

mating generalized skew. All gaging stations were split into two sets of
approximately equal size. One set, the estimation set, was used to estimate
generalized skew; the other, the prediction set, was used to compute the mean-
square error, MSE, of each technique. The most accurate technique the one
with the lowest MSE was selected for comparison with the WRC (U.S. Water
Resources Council) skew map.

The WRC skew map and three other techniques for estimating generalized
skew in Illinois were evaluated. The three latter techniques are (1) an
isoline map of skew for the study area, (2) a prediction equation relating
station skew to basin and climatological characteristics, and (3) the
regional-mean skew for selected regions in the study area.

Records for 730 gaging stations were selected for use in estimating
generalized skew. Station skew values computed for each gaging station range
from -3.55 to 2.95. The mean station skew value is -0.11. Values of unbiased
station skew computed using equation 4 range from -4.47 to 4.22. Unbiased sta-
tion skews have a larger variance than station skews due to the bias correction
factor used in computing unbiased station skews.

Skew values and basin characteristics were split into two sets. The
estimation set had 364 gaging stations; the prediction set 366 gaging stations.
Values of station skew, unbiased station skew, drainage area, and the number of
annual peaks have similar statistical properties for both sets.

Four techniques for estimating generalized skew were evaluated; the WRC
map and three others. Generalized skews from the WRC map range from -0.40 to
-0.22 for gaging stations in the study area. The MSE of the WRC skew map for
the study area computed using station skew is 0.24. The MSE based on unbiased
station skews is 0.63.

18
 The second and third techniques considered were an isoline map and a pre-
diction equation. No areal trends in station skew were observed; therefore,
no isoline map was drawn. Station skews and unbiased station skews are not
well correlated with any of the basin characteristics considered in the study.
No significant regression models relating skew coefficient values to basin
characteristics were found.

The regional-mean skew technique was the fourth technique considered.

Three variations of this technique, named R1 , R2, and R3, were evaluated.
Values of generalized skew and MSB's for the WRC skew map and R1, R2, and R3
were computed. MSE's computed using unbiased station skew were twice as large
as those computed using station skew. This difference in accuracy is due to
the factor used to correct station skews for bias. R1, R2, and R3 are only
slightly more accurate than the WRC skew map. Because of these small dif-
ferences in accuracy it is not possible to clearly distinguish the "best"
technique for estimating generalized skews.

Estimates of the magnitude of the 50-, 100-, and 500-year floods computed
using R1, R2, and R3 were compared to flood estimates computed with the WRC
skew map. The 50-percent confidence limits for the 50-, 100-, and 500-year
floods estimated using the WRC skew map, were also computed. This comparison
was made at 30 gaging stations in Illinois to determine if there was any
advantage in using R1, R2, or R3 when doing flood frequency analysis. Peak
discharges estimated using R2 and R3 are within the 50-percent confidence
limits for all gaging stations. Peak discharges estimates using R1 are within
the 50-percent confidence limits for 29 of the 30 gaging stations.

As a result of this study the following conclusions are offered:

1. Three variations of the regional-mean technique for estimating

generalized skew (R1, R2, and R3) are only slightly more accurate
than the WRC skew map.

2. Even though R1, R2, and R3 are more accurate, frequency curves
based on R1, R2, and R3 are not significantly different from fre-
quency curves based on the WRC skew map.

REFERENCES CITED

Fenneman, N. M., 1931, Physiography of eastern United States: New York,

McGraw Hill, 534 p.

Hardison, C. H., 1974, Generalized skew coefficients of annual floods in the

United States and their application: Water Resources Research, American
Geophysical Union, v. 10, no. 4, p. 745-752.

Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data,

1982, Bulletin 17B, Guidelines for determining flood flow frequency:
U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination, Reston, Va. ,
28 p.

19
Leighton, M. M., Ekblaw, G. E., and Horberg, Leland, 1948, Physiographic divi-
sions of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Report of
Investigations 129, 33 p.

Neter, John, Wasserman, William, and Kutner, M. H., 1985, Applied linear sta-
tistical models: Homewood, Illinois, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1127 p.

Tasker, G. D., 1978, Flood frequency analysis with a generalized skew

coefficient: Water Resources Research, American Geophysical Union,
v. 14, no. 2, p. 373-376.

1982, Comparing methods of hydrologio regionalization: Water Resources

Bulletin, American Water Resources Association, v. 18, no. 6, p. 965-970.

Tasker, G. D., and Stedinger, J. R., 1986, Regional skew with weighted LS
regression: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, American
Society of Civil Engineers, v. 112, no. 2, p. 225-237.

Seaber, P. R. , Kapinos, F. P., and Knapp, G. L., 1984, State hydrologic unit
maps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-708, 22 p.

U.S. Water Resources Council, 1976, Guidelines for determining flood flow
frequency: U.S. Water Resources Council Bulletin 17, 26 p.

- - 1977, Guidelines for determining flood flow frequency: U.S. Water

Resources Council Bulletin 17A, 26 p.

Vellman, P. F., and Hoagland, D. C., 1981, Applications, basics, and computing
of exploratory data analysis: Boston, Mass., Duxbury Press, 354 p.

Wallis, J. R. , Matalas, N. C., and Slack, J. R., Just a moment!: Water

Resources Reseach, American Geophysical Union, v. 10, no. 2, p. 211-219.

20
TABLES 2 and 3
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States

Years of record: Number of annual peaks in systematic record. Number in parantheses is the
years of historic record used to compute the peak flow statistics.

Peak flow statistics computed with equations 1, 2, and 3:

y is the mean of the logarithms of annual peak discharges,
S is the standard deviation of the logarithms of annual peak discharges, and
G is the skew of the logarithms of annual peak discharges.

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi 2 ) record Y S G

1 03302220 Buck Creek near New Middletown, Ind. 65.2 13 3.67 0.308 -0.334
2 03302500 Indian Creek near Gory don, Ind. 129 40 3.88 .217 .526
3 03302680 West Fork Blue River at Salem, Ind. 19.0 12 3.30 .191 .539
4 03302690 Middle Fork Blue River Tributary near .07 10 1.23 .290 -.009
Farabee, Ind.
5 03302800 Blue River at Fredericksburg, Ind. 283 14 3.94 .106 -.948

6 03303000 Blue River near White Cloud, Ind. 476 58 4.10 .201 -.278
7 03303250 Sigler Creek Tributary at Uniontown, .15 11 1.80 .287 .079
Ind.
8 03303300 Middle Fork Anderson River at Bristow, 39.8 21(78) 3.22 .286 .804
Ind.
9 03303400 Crooked Creek at Santa Claus, Ind. 7.86 13 3.02 .319 .694
10 03303440 Bast Fork Crooked Creek Tributary near .26 10 1.95 .235 -.975
Fulda, Ind.

11 03303900 Little Red Creek Tributary near Heilman, .25 10 1.83 .150 .102
Ind.
12 03317500 North Fork Rough River near Westview, 42.0 24 3.28 .182 -.431
Ky.
13 03318000 Rough River near Falls Of Rough, Ky. 454 17 3.91 .198 -1.66
14 03318200 Rock Lick Creek near Glen Dean, Ky. 20.1 22 3.48 .208 .629
15 03318500 Rough River at Falls Of Rough, Ky. 504 10 3.94 .152 -1.34

16 03318800 Caney Creek near Horse Branch, Ky. 124 27 3.73 .168 .207
17 03319000 Rough River near Dundee, Ky. 757 19 3.99 .203 -.828
18 03320000 Green River at Lock 2 at Calhoun, Ky. 7,570 28(60) 4.75 .152 .153
19 03320500 Pond River near Apex, Ky. 194 43 3.84 .258 -.118
20 03321350 South Fork Panther Creek near 58.2 15 3.42 .114 -.103
Whitesville, Ky.
21 03322100 Pigeon Creek at Evansville, Ind. 323 22 3.67 .181 .066
22 03327520 Pipe Creek near Bunker Hill, Ind. 159 13 3.32 .153 -.163
23 03327530 Minnow Creek Tributary near Logansport, .50 10 1.50 .433 .043
Ind.
24 03328430 Weesau Creek near Deedsville, Ind. 8.87 13 2.33 .194 .065
25 03328500 Bel River near Logansport, Ind. 789 41 3.88 .147 .450
26 03329400 Rattlesnake Creek near Patton, Ind. 6.83 14 2.25 .266 .143
27 03329700 Deer Creek near Delphi, Ind. 274 40 3.61 .242 .675
28 03329720 Robinson Branch near Delphi, Ind. 5.49 10 2.22 .051 -.656
29 03331500 Tippecanoe River near Ora, Ind. 856 40 3.63 .177 -.193
30 03332300 Little Indian Creek near Royal Center, 35.0 22 2.49 .124 -.442
Ind.

31 03332340 Weltzin Ditch Tributary near .50 11 1.06 .320 1.53

Francesville, Ind.
32 03332400 Big Monon Creek near Francesville, Ind. 152 19 3.22 .130 -.608
33 03332780 Big Creek near Wolcott, Ind. 1.35 10 1.96 .316 -.008
34 03333600 Kokomo Creek near Kokomo, Ind. 24.7 23 2.68 .164 .121
35 03333620 Scott Youngman Ditch near Kokorao, Ind. .86 10 1.68 .312 .127

22
 in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi 2 ) record X S G

36 03333700 Wildcat Creek at Kokomo, Ind. 242 27 3.58 0.229 -0.588

37 03334000 Wildcat Creek at Owasco, Ind. 396 38 3.63 .255 -.487
38 03334200 Prairie Creek Tributary near Frankfort, 2.00 11 2.06 .234 -.903
Ind.
39 03334500 South Fork Wildcat Creek near Lafayette, 243 40 3.66 .258 -.227
Ind.
40 03334900 South Fork Wildcat Creek Tributary near .10 10 1.42 .373 .268
Monitor, Ind.

41 03335000 Wildcat Creek near Lafayette, Ind. 794 28 3.97 .205 -.485
42 03335685 Big Pine Creek Tributary near Pine .21 10 1.80 .364 -.169
Village, Ind.
43 03335690 Mud Pine Creek near Oxford, Ind. 39.4 11 3.17 .213 .290
44 03335700 Big Pine Creek near Williamsport, Ind. 323 26 3.71 .208 -.514
45 03335790 Big Shawnee Creek Tributary near Attica, 1.00 10 2.02 .184 .797
Ind.

46 03336100 Big Four Ditch Tributary near Paxton, 1.05 25 2.04 .255 -.671
111.
47 03336500 Bluegrass Creek at Potomac, ill. 35.0 33 3.26 .238 -.206
48 03336900 Salt Fork near St. Joseph, 111. 134 25 3.39 .211 .401
49 03337500 Saline Branch at Urbana, 111. 68.0 23 3.02 .278 -.337
50 03338000 Salt Fork near Homer, 111. 340 38 3.57 .230 -.351

51 03338100 Salt Fork Tributary near Catlin, 111. 2.20 22 2.24 .386 -1.18
52 03338500 Vermilion River near Catlin, 111. 958 19 3.92 .279 .182
53 03338800 North .Fork Vermilion River Tributary 1.31 21 2.46 .319 .297
near Danville, 111.
54 03339108 East Fork Coal Creek near Hillsboro, 33.4 13 3.20 .126 .172
Ind.
55 03339230 Woods Ditch near Frankfort, Ind. 1.11 11 1.92 .449 -.624

56 03339500 Sugar Creek at Crawfordsville, Ind. 509 43(69) 3.98 .250 -.364
57 03340000 Sugar Creek near Byron, Ind. 670 31 4.12 .224 -.809
58 03340800 Big Raccoon Creek near Fincastle, Ind. 139 25(107) 3.65 .294 -.143
59 03341000 Big Raccoon Creek at Mansfield, Ind. 248 19 3.84 .296 .717
60 03341200 Little Raccoon Creek near Catlin, Ind. 134 15(97) 3.75 .331 -.023

61 03341700 Big Creek Tributary near Dudley, 111. 1.08 15 2.26 .242 .673
62 03341900 Raccoon Creek Tributary near Annapolis, .04 25 1.24 .307 -.482
111.
63 03342150 West Fork Busseron Creek near Hymera, 14.4 15 3.06 .150 -.004
Ind. .
64 03342180 Kettle Creek Tributary near Shelburn, .48 10 2.15 .320 .087
Ind.
65 03343400 Embarras River near Camargo, 111. 186 23 3.45 .250 -1.04

66 03344000 Embarras River near Diona, 111. 919 19 3.93 .212 . 133
67 03344250 Embarras River Tributary near Greenup, .08 25 1.36 .262 .042
111.
68 03344425 Muddy Creek Tributary at Woodbury, 111. .07 18 1.37 .386 .171
69 03344500 Range Creek near Casey, 111. 7.61 33 2.95 .313 .231
70 03345500 Embarras River at Ste. Marie, 111. 1,516 72 4.13 .274 -.109
71 03346000 North Fork Embarras River near Oblong, 318 43 3.83 .313 -.334
111.
72 03346650 River Deshee Tributary near Frichton, .82 10 2.11 . 192 -.090
Ind.
73 03349000 White River at Noblesville Ind. 858 36 4.00 .205 -.023
74 03349700 Little Cicero Creek near Arcadia, Ind. 40.4 26 3.00 .277 -.258
75 03350100 Hinkle Creek near Cicero, Ind. 18.5 26 3. 10 .294 -.109

23
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Hap Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
NO. No. Station name (mi 2 ) record T S G

76 03351000 White River near Nora, Ind. 1,219 53(154) 4.09 0.256 -0.500
77 03351310 Crooked Creek at Indianapolis, Ind. 17.9 13 3.06 .303 1.08
78 03352000 Lawrence Creek at Fort Benjamin 2.74 17( 57) 2.69 .256 -.067
Harrison, Ind.
79 03352200 Mud Creek at Indianapolis, Ind. 42.4 24 2.88 .210 -.219
80 03352400 Blue Creek near Castle ton, Ind. .95 10 1.76 .114 -.193
81 03353000 White River at Indianapolis, Ind. 1,635 74 4.25 .239 -.452
82 03353120 Pleasant Run at Arlington Ave at 7.58 23 2.98 .195 .291
Indianapolis, Ind.
83 03353160 Pleasant Run at Brookville Road at 10.1 21 3.08 .184 .058
Indianapolis, Ind.
84 03353180 Bean Creek at Indianapolis, Ind. 4.40 12 2.54 .197 .010
85 03353200 Eagle Creek at Zionsville, Ind. 103 25 3.63 .246 -.910
86 03353600 Little Eagle Creek at Speedway, Ind. 23.9 17 3.02 .170 -.375
87 03353620 Lick Creek at Indianapolis, Ind. 15.6 12 2.99 .255 -.008
88 03353668 White Lick Creek Tributary near .31 11 1.71 .254 -.704
Brownsburg, Ind.
89 03353700 West Fork White Lick Creek at 28.8 26 3.22 .234 .447
Danville, Ind.
90 03353800 White Lick Creek near Hooresville, Ind. 212 27(40) 3.89 .206 -.119
91 03354500 Beanblossom Creek at Beanblossom, Ind. 14.6 31 3.20 .286 -.021
92 03355000 Bear Creek near Trevlac, Ind. 6.94 26 2.74 .318 -.042
93 03356780 Limestone Creek Tributary near Gosport, .72 10 2.08 .215 .193
Ind.
94 03357350 Plum Creek near Bainbridge, Ind. 3.00 13 2.50 .216 -.049
95 03357500 Big Walnut Creek near Reelsville, Ind. 326 33 3.91 .272 -.319
96 03358000 Mill Creek near Cataract, Ind. 245 32 3.72 .196 -.048
97 03359500 Deer Creek near Putnamville, Ind. 59.0 16 3.74 .191 -.179
98 03360100 Clear Branch at Cory, Ind. .27 10 1.72 .194 -.113
99 03360400 Doans Creek Tributary near Doans, Ind. .20 11 1.86 .270 .200
100 03360850 Veales Creek Tributary at Washington, .27 10 2.08 .299 .136
Ind.

101 03361890 Gilmore Creek near Bargersville, Ind. .71 10 11 .3D

QC *\QK
.255 37O
102 03362000 Youngs Creek near Edinburgh, Ind. 107 40 3.52 .280 1CO
ID^
103 03371500 East Fork White River near Bedford, 3,861 43(136) 4.55 .223 -.507
Ind.
104 03371600 South Fork Salt Creek at Kurtz, Ind. 38.2 11 3.58 .143 -.011
105 03371650 North Pork Salt Creek at Nashville, 76.1 20 3.64 .147 -.228
Ind.

106 03372000 North Fork Salt Creek near Belmont, 120 26 3.76 .251 -.363
Ind.
107 03372300 Stephens Creek near Bloomington, Ind. 10.9 12 3.03 .334 1.02
108 03372680 Clear Creek Tributary near Bloomington, .38 10 1.82 .348 -.294
Ind.
109 03372700 Clear Creek near Harrodsburg, Ind. 55.2 12 3.67 . 1QC
13»O .237
110 03373200 Indian Creek near Springville, Ind. 60.7 20 3.56 .191 -.626
111 03373240 Spring Creek Tributary near Springville, .54 10 1.80 .456 -.132
Ind.
112 03373500 East Fork White River at Shoals, Ind. 4,927 78(136) 4.56 .203 -.092
113 03373680 French Lick Creek Tributary near .30 11 1.98 .324 -.912
French Lick, Ind.
114 03373700 Lost River near West Baden Springs, Ind. 287 20 3.66 .234 .353
115 03373850 Slate Creek Tributary near Haysville, .14 10 1.79 .204 .554
Ind.

24
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi2) record Y S G

116 03374455 Patoka River near Hardinsburg, Ind. 12.8 14 3.24 0.224 2.95
117 03375800 Hall Creek near St. Anthony, Znd. 21.8 13(70) 3.35 .195 .486
118 03376230 Shiloh Drain near Jasper, Znd. .57 10 2.29 .129 .717
119 03376260 Flat Creek near Otwell, Ind. 21.3 18 3.04 .071 1.19
120 03376300 Patoka River at Wins low, Ind. 603 11(14) 3.73 .232 .893

121 03376340 Patoka River Tributary near Glezen, Ind. .84 11 2.12 .254 .358
122 03376600 Patoka River Tributary near Patoka, Ind. .40 10 1.95 .276 -.853
123 03378000 Bonpas Creek at Browns, 111. 228 43 3.46 .168 .244
124 03378550 Big Creek near Wadesville, Ind. 104 17 3.60 .143 .557
125 03378635 Little Wabash River near Effingham, 111. 240 17 3.71 .163 .261

126 03378650 Second Creek Tributary at Keptown, 111. 1.62 17 2.36 .269 .338
127 03378900 Little Wabash River at Louisville, 111. 745 18 4.02 .223 -.180
128 03378980 Little Wabash River Tributary at .43 22 2.09 .344 -.606
Clay City, 111.
129 03379500 Little Wabash River below Clay City, 1,131 69 4.09 .296 -.054
111.
130 03379650 Madden Creek near West Salem, 111. 1.62 21 2.62 .242 .562

131 03380300 Dums Creek Tributary near luka, 111. .08 25 1.62 .239 -.116
132 03380350 Skillet Fork near luka, 111. 208 18 3.68 .320 -.267
133 03380400 Horse Creek Tributary near Cartter, 111. 1.13 12 2.34 .263 .228
134 03380450 White Feather Creek near Mar low, 111. .43 25 2.12 .228 -.272
135 03380475 Horse Creek near Keenes, 111. 97.2 23 3.55 .200 -.670

136 03380500 Skillet Fork at Wayne City, 111. 464 66 3.90 .292 -.093
137 03381500 Little Wabash River at Carmi, 111. 3,102 44 4.15 .211 .281
138 03381600 Little Wabash River Tributary near .16 17 1.95 .295 .314
New Haven, 111.
139 03382025 Little Saline Creek Tributary near .52 22 2.43 .139 .130
Gore vi lie, 111.
140 03332100 South Fork Saline River near Carrier 147 18 3.46 .160 -.116
Mills, 111.

141 03382170 Brushy Creek near Harco, 111. 13.3 14 3.06 .161 .819
142 03382510 Eagle Creek near Equality, 111. 8.51 16 2.71 .075 -.644
143 03382520 Black Branch Tributary near Junction, 1.10 13 2.18 .353 .172
111.
144 03383000 Trade water River at Olney, Ky. 255 43 3.58 .200 . 147
145 03384000 Rose Creek at Nebo, Ky. 2.10 30 2.76 .192 -.500

146 03384450 Lusk Creek near Eddyville, 111. 42.9 16 3.74 .187 .069
147 03385000 Kayes Creek at Glendale, 111. 19.1 34 3.34 .241 -.104
148 03385500 Lake Glendale Inlet near Dixon Springs, 1.05 26 2.75 .261 -.433
111.
149 03437500 South Fork Little River at Hopkinsville, 46.5 32 3.44 .238 .415
Ky.
150 03438000 Little River near Cadiz, Ky. 244 44 3.83 .205 .404

151 03438070 Muddy Fork Little River near Cerulean, 30.5 15 3.56 . 126 1.20
Ky.
152 03610000 Clarks River at Murray, Ky. 89.7 31 3.79 .298 .499
153 03610500 Clarks River near Benton, Ky. 227 44 3.99 .282 -.119
154 03610545 West Fork Clarks River near Brewers, Ky. 68.7 15 3.70 .213 -.693
155 03611260 Massac Creek near Paducah, Ky. 14.6 12 3.28 .219 -.517

25
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi 2 ) record * S G

156 03612200 Q Ditch Tributary near Choat, 111. 0.27 21 2.13 0.260 0.182
157 03614000 Hess Bayou Tributary near Mound City, 1.95 14 2.66 .142 .371
111.
158 04073500 Fox River at Berlin, Wis. 1,340 85 3.53 .172 -.289
159 04083000 West Branch Fond Du Lac River at 83.1 16 2.85 .239 -1.34
Fond Du Lac, Wis.
160 04083400 East Branch Fond Du Lac River Tributary .99 21 1.74 .285 -.460
near Eden, Wis.
161 04083500 East Branch Fond Du Lac River at 78.4 16 2.92 .314 -1.40
Fond Du Lac, Wis.
162 04085700 Sheboygan River Tributary near Plymouth, 6.51 21 2.05 .252 .248
Wis.
163 04086000 Sheboygan River at Sheboygan, Wis. 418 40 3.48 .281 -.945
164 04086150 Milwaukee River at Kewaskum, Wis. 138 14 2.95 .250 .331
165 04086200 East Branch Milwaukee River near 54.1 13 2.32 .264 .162
New Fane, Wis.
166 04086340 North Branch Milwaukee River near 148 13 2.88 .301 -.128
Fillmore, Wis.
167 04086360 Milwaukee River at Waubeka, Wis. 432 14 3.31 .283 -.410
168 04086400 Milwaukee River Tributary near .82 19 1.70 .371 -.820
Fredonia, Wis.
169 04086500 Cedar Creek near Cedarburg, Wis. 120 48 2.96 .367 -.111
170 04087000 Milwaukee River at Milwaukee, Wis. 696 69 3.67 .212 -.015

171 04087050 Little Menomonee River near Freistadt, 8.00 25 2.23 .231 -.471
Wis.
172 04087100 Honey Creek at Milwaukee, Wis. 3.26 24 2.44 .195 .164
173 04087120 Menomonee River at Wauwatosa, Wis. 123 22 3.52 .270 .187
174 04087200 Oak Creek near South Milwaukee, Wis. 13.8 25 2.39 .319 .163
175 04087204 Oak Creek at South Milwaukee, Wis. 25.0 20 2.78 .130 .232

176 04087220 Root River near Franklin, Wis. 49.2 21 3.12 .251 .700
177 04087230 West Branch Root River Canal Tributary 3.99 21 1.86 .204 -.929
near North Cape, Wis.
178 04087233 Root River Canal near Franklin, Wis. 57.0 20 2.81 .182 .049
179 04087240 Root River at Racine, Wis. 190 20 3.29 .203 .051
180 04087250 Pike Creek near Kenosha, Wis. 7.25 23 1.87 .282 -.045

181 04087300 Lake Michigan Tributary at Winthrop 1.50 17 1.91 .308 .608
Harbor, 111.
182 04087400 Kellogg Ravine at Zion, 111. 5.04 15 2.37 .289 .651
183 04093000 Deep River at Lake George Outlet at 124 36 3.15 .243 -.161
Hobart, Ind.
184 04093500 Burns Ditch at Gary, Ind. 160 39 3.16 .197 -.139
185 04094000 Little Calumet River at Porter, Ind. 66.2 38 3.02 .236 -.155
186 04094500 Salt Creek near Mccool, Ind. 74.6 38 2.98 .244 -.090
187 04095250 East Branch Trail Creek Tributary near .17 10 1.38 .151 -.808
Springville, Ind.
188 04095300 Trail Creek at Michigan City, Ind. 54.1 13 3.02 .280 -.052
189 04096100 Galena River near Laporte, Ind. 17.2 13 2.43 .239 -.105
190 05382300 Beaver Creek Tributary near Sparta, Wis. 1.72 22 2.10 .175 .402
191 05382500 Little La Crosse River near Leon, Wis. 77.1 47 2.99 .283 -.173
192 05383000 La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis. 398 58 3.39 .230 -.032
193 05386300 Morman Creek near La Crosse, Wis. 25.5 22 2.73 .699 -.451
194 05387100 North Fork Bad Axe River near Genoa, 80.8 23 3.07 .282 -.627
Wis.
195 05387500 Upper Iowa River at Decorah, Iowa 511 32(70) 3.79 .290 -.429

26
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi 2 ) record X S G

196 05388000 Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa 568 30 3.91 0.219 -0.015
197 05388400 Wexford Creek near Harpers Ferry, Iowa 11.9 30 2.85 .535 -.086
198 05388460 Du Charme Creek at Eastman, Wis. .30 21 1.84 .336 .337
199 05388500 Paint Creek at Water ville, Iowa 42.8 21 3.32 .209 -.457
200 05388600 Paint Creek near Waterville, Iowa 56.0 31 3.34 .304 .665

201 05389000 Yellow River at Ion, Iowa 221 17 3.89 .240 -.035
202 05403500 Lemonweir River at New Lisbon, Wis. 507 39 3.43 .248 -.895
203 05403520 Webster Cre ^ at New Lisbon, Wis. 11.8 22 2.22 .320 -1.08
204 05403550 Onemile Creek near Mauston, Wis. 30.2 25 2.71 .348 -.296
205 05403700 Dell Creek near Lake Delton, Wis. 44.9 23 2.55 .292 .136

206 05404200 Narrows Creek at Loganville, Wis. 40.1 25 3.23 .246 -.902
207 05405000 Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis. 609 50 3.46 .241 -.592
208 05405600 Rowan Creek at Poynette, Wis. 10.4 22 2.40 .436 .139
209 05406500 Black Earth Creek at Black Earth, Wis.. 45.6 30 2.66 .274 -.200
210 05406800 Rocky Branch near Richland Center, 1.68 23 2.16 .416 .471
Wis.

211 05407100 Richland Creek near Plugtown, Wis. 19.2 25 2.84 .382 .153
212 05407200 Crooked Creek near Boscobel, Wis. 12.9 24 2.68 .369 -.173
213 05407400 Morris Creek Tributary near Norwalk, 4.59 20 2.54 .351 -.804
Wis.
214 05408000 Kickapoo River at Lafare, Wis. 266 45 3.46 .270 .310
215 05408500 Knapp Creek near Bloomingdale, Wis. 8.44 15 2.72 .376 .185

216 05409830 North Fork Nederlo Creek near 2.21 12 1.79 .388 1.42
Gays Mills, Wis.
217 05409890 Nederlo Creek near Gays Mills, Wis. 9.46 13 2.52 .602 .972
218 05410000 Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis. 617 35 3.48 .275 .012
219 05410500 Kickapoo River at Steuben, Wis. 690 50 3.49 .303 .273
220 05411600 Turkey River at Spillville, Iowa 177 24 3.42 .342 -.747

221 05412000 Turkey River at Elkader, Ifma 891 10 4.06 .212 -.202
222 05412500 Turkey River at Garber, Iowa 1,545 64(93) 4.19 .160 -.374
223 05413400 Pigeon Creek near Lancaster, Wis. 6.93 23 2.68 .406 .271
224 05413500 Grant River at Burton, Wis. 269 49 3.81 .344 -.493
225 05414000 Platte River near Rockville, Wis. 142 48(107) 3.66 .307 -.045

226 05414200 Bear Branch near Platteville, Wis. 2.72 25 2.60 .309 -.269
227 05414350 Little Maquoketa River near Graf, Iowa 39.6 31 3.38 .247 .251
228 05414400 Middle Fork Little Maquoketa River 30.2 28 3.09 .409 1.42
near Rickardsville, Iowa
229 05414450 North Fork Little Maquoketa River near 21.6 31 3.13 .293 .695
Rickardsville, Iowa
230 05414600 Little Maquoketa River Tributary at 1.54 28 2.47 .329 .037
Dubuque , Iowa

231 05414820 Sinsinawa River near Menominee, 111. 39.6 16 3.52 .320 .294
232 05414900 Pats Creek near Elk Grove, Wis. 8.50 22 2.69 .375 1.51
233 05415000 Galena River at Buncombe, Wis. 125 44 3.70 .242 .812
234 05415500 East Fork Galena River at Council Hill, 20. 1 30 3.30 .382 .342
111.
235 05417000 Maquoketa River near Manchester, Iowa 305 52 3.66 .281 -.188
236 05417700 Bear Creek near Monmouth, Iowa 61.3 19 3.21 .302 -.299
237 05418500 Maquoketa River near Maquoketa, Iowa 1,553 70 4.18 .235 -.235
238 05418750 South Fork Apple River near Nora, 111. 1.93 20 2.29 .311 -.605
239 05418800 Mill Creek Tributary near Scales Mound, .86 20 2.39 .287 -.177
111.
240 05419000 Apple River near Hanover, 111. 247 49 3,72 .206 .000

27
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi 2 ) record

241 05420000 Plum River below Carroll Creek near 230 37 3.54 0.275 -0.070
Savanna, 111.
242 05421000 Wapsipinocon River at Independence, 1,048 50 3.80 .338 -.609
Iowa
243 05421100 Pine Creek Tributary near Winthrop, .33 31 1.91 .376 -.202
Iowa
244 05421200 Pine Creek near Winthrop, Iowa 28.3 33 3.13 .429 1.46
245 05421300 Pine Creek Tributary No. 2 at Winthrop, .70 29 1.83 .644 -.413
Iowa

246 05421400 Wapsipinicon River at Central City, 1,263 10 3.98 .177 .438
Iowa
247 05421500 Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa 1,324 11 3.88 .142 -.441
248 05421550 Buffalo Creek above Winthrop, Iowa 68.2 29 3.17 .458 .634
249 05421600 Buffalo Creek near Winthrop, Iowa 71.4 19 3.22 .501 .539
250 05422000 Wapsipinicon River near De Witt, Iowa 2,330 49 3.98 .244 -.147

251 05423000 West Branch Rock River near Waupun, Wis. 40.7 33 2.46 .421 -.818
252 05423300 South Branch Rock River Tributary near 12.6 22 2.17 .474 -.645
Waupun, Wis.
253 05423500 South Branch Rock River at Waupen, Wis. 63.6 21 2.60 .414 -.710
254 05423800 East Branch Rock River Tributary near 4.42 23 2.17 .170 .473
Slinger, Wis.
255 05424000 East Branch Rock River near Mayville, 181 21 3.00 .324 -.292
Wis.

256 05424300 Rock River Tributary near Watertown, 4.58 22 2.00 .335 -1.10
Wis.
257 05425500 Rock River at Watertown, Wis. 969 45 3.27 .235 -.377
258 05425700 Robbins Creek near Columbus, Wis. 8.01 20 2.09 .337 -1.45
259 05426000 Crawfish River at Milford, Wis. 762 52 3.33 .219 -.544
260 05426100 Scuppernong Creek near Wales, Wis. 8.39 19 1.99 .139 .506

261 05427000 Whitewater Creek at Willis Ray Road 22.8 13 2.26 .264 .388
near Whitewater, Wis.
262 05427200 Alien Creek near Port Atkinson, Wis. 10.2 25 2.04 .219 .407
263 05427800 Token Creek near Madison, Wis. 24.3 21 2.33 .327 -.273
264 05430100 Badfish Creek near Stoughton, Wis. 41.3 10 2.64 .217 -.681
265 05430500 Rock River at Afton, Wis. 3,340 69 3.80 .187 -.388

266 05431500 Turtle Creek near Clinton, Wis. 202 42 3.30 .369 -.187
267 05432300 Rock Branch near Mineral Point, Wis. 4.83 24 2.51 .281 .404
268 05432500 Pecatonica River at Darlington, Wis. 273 44 3.56 .305 .457
269 05433000 East Branch Pecatonica River near 221 43 3.40 .335 -.104
Blanchardville, Wis.
270 05433500 Yellowstone River near Blanchardville, 28.5 27 3.12 .244 -2.14
Wis.

271 05434200 skinner Creek Tributary near Monroe, .48 22 1.50 .323 -.520
Wis.
272 05434500 Pecatonica River at Martintown, Wis. 1,034 44 3.74 .241 -.035
273 05435000 Cedar Creek near Winslow, 111. 1.31 25 1.98 .572 -.470
274 05435500 Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111. 1,326 70 3.76 .248 .051
275 05435650 Lost Creek Tributary near Shannon, 111. 1.95 16 2.45 .183 .004

276 05435900 Sugar River Tributary near Pine Bluff, 7.42 22 2.19 .296 -.169
Wis.
277 05436000 Mount Vernon Creek near Mount Vernon, 16.4 16 2.44 .309 .140
Wis.
278 05436200 Gill Creek near Brooklyn, Wis. 3.33 22 1.99 .205 .007
279 05436500 Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis. 523 69 3.54 .325 -.247
280 05436900 Otter Creek Tributary near Durand, 111. .55 20 1.71 .335 .258

28
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi 2 ) record Y S G

281 05437000 Pecatonica River at Shirland, 111. 2,550 32 3.91 0.208 -0.345
282 05437200 East Fork Raccoon Creek Tributary 4.64 25 2.10 .445 -.302
near Beloit, Wis.
283 05437500 Rock River at .Rockton, 111. 6,363 54 4.16 .198 -.363
284 05437600 Rock River Tributary near Rockton, 111. 2.21 16 2.13 .331 -.859
285 05437950 Kishwaukee River near Huntley, 111. 14.4 14 2.10 .120 -.612

286 05438250 Coon Creek at Riley, 111. 85.1 22 3.04 .381 -.974
287 05438300 Lawrence Creek Tributary near Harvard, .84 20 1.88 .277 -.178
111.
288 05438390 Piscasaw Creek below Mokeler Creek 88.1 10 3.25 .181 .520
near Capron, 111.
289 05438500 Kishwaukee River at Belvidere, 111. 538 44 3.55 .314 -.277
290 05438850 Middle Branch of South Branch 1.67 25 2.15 .255 -.298
Kishwaukee River near Malta, 111.

291 05439500 South Branch Kishwaukee River near 387 44 3.56 .261 -.867
Fairdale, 111.
292 05439550 South Branch Kishwaukee River 1.71 18 1.88 .469 -.279
Tributary near Irene, 111.
293 05440000 Kishwaukee River near Perryville, 111. 1,099 44 3.83 .292 -.562
294 05440500 Killbuck Creek near Monroe Center, 111. 117 41 3.34 .346 -1.04
295 05440650 Stillman Creek Tributary near Holcomb, 1.00 18 1.89 .307 -.049
111.

296 05440900 Leaf River Tributary near Forreston, .15 23 1.74 .322 .455
111.
297 05441000 Leaf River at Leaf River, 111. 103 43 3.42 .350 -.587
298 05441500 Rock River at Oregon, 111. 8,205 10 4.33 .224 .338
299 05442000 Kyte River near Flagg Center, 111. 116 12 3.10 .170 .321
300 05443500 Rock River at Como, 111. 8,753 68 4.37 .216 -.677

301 05444000 Elkhorn Creek near Penrose, 111. 146 44 3.47 .229 -.724
302 05444100 Spring Creek Tributary near Coleta, 111. 1.42 14 2.42 .309 -.383
303 05446000 Rock Creek at Morrison, 111. 164 38 3.32 .183 .154
304 05446500 Rock River near Joslin, 111. 9,549 44 4.34 .212 -.397
305 05446950 Green River Tributary near Amboy, 111. .53 16 1.94 .424 .495

306 05447000 Green River at Amboy, 111. 201 42 3.43 .245 -.916
307 05447050 Green River Tributary No. 2 near Ohio, 4.95 14 2.16 .246 .328
111.
308 05447200 Normandy Ditch at Normandy, 111. 5.23 16 1.65 .242 -.510
309 05447350 Mud Creek Tributary near Atkinson, 111. 1.22 16 2.28 .277 .909
310 05447500 Green River near Geneseo, 111. 1,003 48 3.75 .197 -.771

311 05448000 Mill Creek at Milan, 111. 62.4 44 3.42 .336 -.433
312 05448050 Sand Creek near Milan, 111. .22 25 1.55 .418 .181
313 05453000 Big Bear Creek at Ladora, Iowa 189 38 3.64 .200 -.753
314 05453100 Iowa River near Marengo, Iowa 2794 27 4.11 .233 -.528
315 05453600 Rapid Creek below Morse, Iowa 8.12 33 2.74 .400 -.146
316 05453700 Rapid Creek Tributary No. 4 near Oasis, 1.95 24 2.22 .447 -.265
Iowa
317 05453750 Rapid Creek Southwest Of Morse, Iowa 15.2 32 3.00 .374 -.472
318 05453850 Rapid Creek Tributary No. 3 near Oasis, 1.62 31 2.53 .308 .158
Iowa
319 05453900 Rapid Creek Tributary near Oasis, Iowa .97 33 2.33 .432 -1.26
320 05453950 Rapid Creek Tributary near Iowa City, 3.43 33 2.63 .385 -.436
Iowa

29
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi 2 ) record Y S G

321 05454000 Rapid Creek near Iowa City, Iowa 25.3 46 3.17 0.403 -0.705
322 05454300 Clear Creek near Coralville, Iowa 98.1 31 3.27 .363 .040
323 05455000 Ralston Creek at Iowa City, Iowa 3.01 58 2.57 .364 -.338
324 05455100 Old Mans Creek near Iowa City, Iowa 201 33 3.40 .346 .197
325 05455300 South English River near Barnes City, 11.5 31 2.72 .336 .030
Iowa

326 05455500 English River at Kalona, Iowa 573 44 3.77 .296 -.213
327 05455550 Bulge rs Run near Riverside, Iowa 6.31 18 3.22 .148 -.161
328 05464500 Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa 6,510 81 4.36 .290 -.566
329 05464640 Prairie Creek at Fairfax, Iowa 178 16 3.48 .267 -.297
330 05465000 Cedar River near Conesville, Iowa 7,785 44 4.40 .286 -.646

331 05465150 North Fork Long Creek at Ainsworth, 30.2 19 2.90 .244 .760
Iowa
332 05466000 Edwards River near Orion, 111. 155 43 3.50 .207 -.928
333 05466500 Edwards River near New Boston, 111. 445 49 3.59 .249 -.374
334 05467000 Pope Creek near Keithsburg, 111. 174 49 3.35 .246 -.147
335 05467500 Henderson Creek near Little York, 111. 151 40 3.36 .256 -.015

336 05468000 North Henderson Creek near Seaton, 111. 67.1 11 3.03 .149 -.791
337 05468500 Cedar Creek at Little York, 111. 130 42 3.34 .355 -.189
338 05469000 Henderson Creek near Oquawka, 111. 432 49 3.69 .267 .454
339 05469500 South Henderson Creek at Biggsville, 82.9 42 3.26 .297 .813
111.
340 05469750 Ellison Creek Tributary near Roseville, .26 25 1.71 .299 -.545
111.

341 05472500 North Skunk River near Sigourney, Iowa 730 39 3.75 .347 -.529
342 05473000 Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa 2,916 37(69) 4.09 .282 -.246
343 05473500 Big Creek near Mount Pleasant, Iowa 106 24 3.28 .358 -.270
344 05474000 Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa 4,303 69 4.30 .222 -.511
345 05491000 Sugar Creek near Keokuk, Iowa 105 23 3.47 .251 -.298
346 05494500 Fox River at Cantril, Iowa 161 11 3.80 .188 .925
347 05495000 Fox River at Way land, Mo. 400 61 3.79 .289 -.135
348 05495100 Big Branch Tributary near Wayland, Mo. .70 26 2.08 .443 -.152
349 05495200 Little Creek near Breckenridge, 111. 1.45 24 2.57 .347 -.377
350 05495500 Bear Creek near Marcelline, 111. 349 40 3.92 .265 -.479
351 05495600 South Wyaconda River near West Grove, 4.69 20 2.74 .464 -.270
Iowa
352 05496000 Wyaconda River above Canton, Mo. 393 57 3.73 .256 .053
353 05496900 Homan Creek Tributary near Quincy, 111. .50 21 2.37 .345 -.585
354 05497000 North Fabius River at Monticello, Mo. 452 62 3.89 .212 -.406
355 05497500 Middle Fabius River near Baring, Mo. 185 49 3.64 .275 -.633
356 05497700 Bridge Creek Branch near Baring, Mo. 2.38 25 2.55 .261 -.156
357 05498000 Middle Fabius River near Monticello, 393 38 3.76 .229 .000
Mo.
358 05498500 North Fabius River at Taylor, Mo. 930 12 3.99 .320 -.414
359 05500000 South Fabius River near Taylor, Mo. 620 49 3.88 .212 -.135
360 05500500 North River at Bethel, Mo. 58.0 44 3.25 .337 -.261
361 05501000 North River at Palmyra, Mo. 373 49 4.01 .282 .043
362 05501200 Nichols Branch near Palmyra, Mo. 2.54 18 2.63 .327 .450
363 05501500 Burton Creek Tributary near Burton, .32 15 2.19 .406 -.238
111.
364 05502020 Hadley Creek near Barry, 111. 40.9 28 3.65 .224 -.590
365 05502040 Hadley Creek at Kinderhook , 111. 72.7 44 3.78 .276 -.572

30
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of ' T
No. No. Station name (mi2) record S G

366 05502120 Riser Creek Tributary near Barry, 111. 0.78 25 2.56 0.285 0.105
367 05502500 Salt River near Shelbina, Mo. 481 42 3.80 .238 -.176
368 05502700 Easdale Branch near Shelbyville, Mo. .71 22 2.52 .251 -.326
369 05503000 Oak Dale Branch near Emden, Mo. 2.64 25 2.82 .199 -.171
370 05503500 Salt River near Hunnewell, Mo. 626 14 3.87 .284 -.658

371 05504700 Bean Creek near Mexico, Mo. 3.02 20 2.80 .333 .363
372 05505000 South FT k Salt River at Santa Fe, Mo. 298 37 3.83 .227 -1.18
373 05506000 Youngs Creek near Mexico, Mo. 67.4 43 3.40 .296 -.550
374 05506800 Elk Fork Salt River near Madison, Mo. 200 14(112) 3.88 .273 -.197
375 05507000 Elk Fork Salt River near Paris, Mo. 262 26(83) 3.85 .225 -.139

376 05507500 Salt River near Monroe City, Mo. 2,230 41 4.44 .247 -.041
377 05508000 Salt River near New London, Mo. 2,480 62 4.44 .220 .142
378 05512500 Bay Creek at Pittsfield, 111. 39.4 44 3.64 .339 -.695
379 05513000 Bay Creek at Nebo, 111. 161 44 3.82 .306 -.546
380 05513200 Salt Spring Creek near Gilead, 111. 1.20 24 2.44 .320 .307

381 05513600 Camp Creek near Elsberry, Mo. 1.50 26 2.57 .353 .219
382 05513650 Hurricane Creek near Elsberry, Mo. 3.06 25 2.88 .382 -.917
383 05513700 Mams Slough Creek near Wellsville, Mo. 5.08 22 2.86 .285 -.558
384 05514200 Re id Branch near Bowling Green, Mo. .54 23 2.38 .279 -.227
385 05514500 Cuivre River near Troy, Mo. 903 60 4.39 .259 .014

386 05515000 Kankakee River near North Liberty, Ind. 174 33 2.72 .119 -.510
387 05515500 Kankakee River at Da vis, Ind. 537 56 3.08 .088 -.376
388 05516000 Yellow River near Bremen, Ind. 135 27 3.07 .127 1.91
389 05516150 Walt Kimble Ditch near Lapaz, Ind. 1.50 10 1.88 .426 .174
390 05516500 Yellow River at Plymouth, Ind. 294 35 3.33 .144 .948

391 05517000 Yellow River at Knox, Ind. 435 40 3.37 .156 -.030
392 05517400 West Arm Payne Ditch near North Judson, 2.58 10 1.70 .366 .692
Ind.
393 05517500 Kankakee River at Dunns Buidge, Ind. 1,352 35 3.56 .095 .076
394 05517780 Sievers Creek Tributary near .39 11 1.68 .217 -.523
Valparaiso, Ind.
395 05517890 Cobbs Ditch near Kouts, Ind. 31.7 16 2.66 .212 -.407
396 05518000 Kankakee River at Shelby, Ind. 1,779 61 3.62 .108 -.363
397 05519500 West Creek near Schneider, Ind. 54.7 23 2.97 .201 -.446
398 05520500 Kankakee River at Momence, 111. 2,294 69 3.80 .157 -.417
399 05521000 Iroquois River at Rosebud, Ind. 35.6 33 2.39 .135 -.150
400 05522000 iroquois River near North Marion, Ind. 144 35 2.97 .156 -.050
401 05522500 Iroquois River at Rensselaer, Ind. 203 35 3.11 .134 -.488
402 05523000 Bice Ditch near South Marion, Ind. 21.8 34 2.71 . 165 -.264
403 05523500 Slough Creek near Collegeville, Ind. 83.7 33 3.07 . 198 -.485
404 05524000 Carpenter Creek at Egypt, Ind. 44.8 33 3.01 .233 .242
405 05524300 Yeoman Ditch Tributary near Rensselaer, .57 10 1.98 .301 -.366
Ind.

406 05524500 Iroquois River near Foresman, Ind. 449 35 3.43 .165 -.389
407 05525000 Iroquois River at Iroquois, 111. 686 39 3.56 .187 .006
408 05525050 Eastburn Hollow near Sheldon, 111. 10.2 17 2.38 .400 .444
409 05525500 Sugar Creek at Milford, 111. 446 35 3.79 .275 -.012
410 05526000 Iroquois River near Chebanse, 111. 2,091 60 4.08 .194 -.266

31
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi 2 ) record X S G

411 05526150 Kankakee River Tributary near 0.19 25 1.50 0.484 0.067
Bourbonnais, 111.
412 05526500 Terry Creek near Custer Park, 111. 12.1 26 2.22 .306 1.75
413 05527050 Prairie Creek near Frankfort, 111. .80 16 1.90 .213 -.220
414 05527500 Kankakee River near Wilmington, 111. 5,150 69 4.35 .221 -.134
415 05527800 Des Plaines River at Russell, 111. 123 23 2.78 .383 -.544

416 05527840 Des Plaines River at Wadsworth, 111. 145 15 2.86 .371 -1.13
417 05527870 Mill Creek at Wedges Corner, 111. 18.2 15 1.88 .227 -.508
418 05527900 North Mill Creek at Hickory Corners, 21.4 16 2.31 .206 .107
111.
419 05527950 Mill Creek at Old Mill Creek, 111. 60.9 15 2.64 .306 -1.10
420 05528000 Des Plaines River near Gurnee, 111. 232 37 3.12 .211 -.304

421 05528150 Indian Creek at Diamond Lake, 111. 10.6 17 2.43 .338 -.440
422 05528200 Hawthorn Drainage Ditch near Mundelein, 5.88 16 2.32 .216 .409
111.
423 05528230 Indian Creek at Prairie View, 111. 35.7 14 2.68 .261 -.145
424 05528360 Aptakisic Creek at Aptakisic, 111. 2.85 16 2.03 .297 .014
425 05528400 Des Plaines River at Wheeling, 111. 325 11 3.22 .235 -1.08

426 05528440 Buffalo Creek near Lake Zurich, 111. 1.03 16 1.90 .254 .060
427 05528470 Buffalo Creek at Long Grove, 111. 7.88 16 2.34 .265 -.626
428 05528500 Buffalo Creek near Wheeling, 111. 19.6 31 2.53 .275 -.939
429 05529000 Des Plaines River near Des Plaines, 111. 360 43 3.30 .219 -.804
430 05529300 McDonald Creek near Wheeling, 111. 4.58 19 2.20 .297 -.533

431 05529500 McDonald Creek near Mount Prospect, 111. 7.93 31 2.25 .367 -.481
432 05529900 Weller Creek at Mount Prospect, 111. 9.02 18 2.68 .253 .059
433 05530000 We Her Creek at Des Plaines, 111. 13.2 33 2.80 .242 -.440
434 05530400 Higgins Creek near Mount Prospect, 111. 2.24 19 2.13 .313 -.088
435 05530480 Willow Creek at Orchard Place, 111. 18.1 19 2.74 .331 -.077

436 05530600 Des Plaines River at River Grove, 111. 451 18 3.40 .155 -.806
437 05530700 Silver Creek at Melrose Park, 111. 11.2 20 2.64 .121 -.076
438 05530800 Des Plaines River at Forest Park, 111. 475 23 3.42 .164 -.874
439 05530940 Salt Creek at Palatine, 111. 6.26 19 2.31 .181 .942
440 05530960 Salt Creek near Palatine, 111. 16.0 19 2.47 .232 .067

441 05531000 Salt Creek near Arlington Heights, 111. 32.1 26 2.64 .238 -.321
442 05531050 Salt Creek near Wood Dale, 111. 53.6 19 2.82 .219 .332
443 05531080 Spring Brook at Bloomingdale, 111. 5.63 19 2.25 .197 .869
444 05531100 Meacham Creek at Medinah, 111. 3.94 19 1.79 .227 1.01
445 05531130 Spring Brook at Walnut Avenue at 14.2 18 2.39 . 196 .474
Itasca, 111.

446 05531200 Salt Creek at Addison, 111. 83.7 17 2.92 .164 .723
447 05531300 Salt Creek at Elmhurst, 111. 91.2 21 2.98 .151 .648
448 05531380 Salt Creek at Oak Brook, 111. 101 17 2.99 . 141 -.160
449 05531500 Salt Creek at Western Springs, 111. 115 38 3.05 .151 -.390
450 05531800 Addison Creek at Northlake, 111. 6.79 19 2.48 .105 -.613

451 05532000 Addison Creek at Bellwood, 111. 17.9 32 2.64 .166 -.554
452 05532500 Des Plaines River at. Riverside. 111. 630 70 3.57 .163 -.499
453 05533000 Flag Creek near Willow Springs, 111. 16.5 24 2.86 .271 .223
454 C5533200 Sawmi 11 Creek Tributary near 2.33 18 2.36 .104 -.598
Tiedtville, 11].
455 05533300 Wards Creek near Woodridge, 111. 3.21 15 1.89 193 -.498

32
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi2) record T S G

456 05533400 Sawmill Creek near Lemont, 111. 13.0 19 2.73 0.266 -1.10
457 05533500 Des Plaines River at Lemont, 111. 684 30 3.48 .168 -.662
458 05534300 North Branch Chicago River at Lake 10.8 16 2.27 .172 -.555
Forest, 111.
459 05534400 North Branch Chicago River at 15.8 17 2.38 .148 -.785
Bannockburn, 111.
460 05534500 North Branch Chicago River at Deerfield, 19.7 31 2.44 .204 -.359
11] ,

461 05534600 North Branch Chicago River at 23.8 20 2.53 .126 -.488
Northfield, 111.
462 05534900 Skokie River at Lake Bluff, 111. 8.17 15 2.29 .236 -.440
463 05535000 Skokie River at Lake Forest, 111. 13.0 32 2.31 .199 -.609
464 05535070 Skokie River near Highland Park, 111. 21.1 17 2.62 .125 .488
465 05535150 Skokie River at Northfield, 111. 29.1 19 2.57 .092 .029

466 05535200 North Branch Chicago River at Glenview, 60.5 18 2.84 .120 .354
111.
467 05535300 West Fork of North Branch Chicago River 2.55 16 2.31 .167 -.158
at Bannockburn, 111.
468 05535400 West Fork of North Branch Chicago River 6.50 16 2.56 .118 -.193
at Deerfield, 111.
469 05535500 West Fork of North Branch Chicago River 11.5 31 2.65 .207 -.554
at Northbrook, 111.
470 05535700 West Fork of North Branch Chicago River 21.6 18 2.79 .159 -.320
at Glenview, 111.

471 05535800 North Branch Chicago River at Morton 92.2 20 3.01 .137 .267
Grove, 111.
472 05536000 North Branch Chicago River at Niles, 111. 100 33 3.04 .137 -.020
473 05536178 Plum Creek near Dyer, Ind. 34.8 12 3.03 .217 -.957
474 05536190 Hart Ditch at Munster, Ind. 70.7 41 3.11 .181 -.121
475 05536195 Little Calumet River at Munster, Ind. 90.0 24 2.87 .127 .048
476 05536201 Thorn Creek at Park Forest, 111. 6.28 17 2.49 .321 .471
477 05536207 Thorn Creek Tributary at Chicago 3.87 16 2.43 .264 .834
Heights, 111.
478 05536210 Thorn Creek near Chicago Heights, 111. 17.2 15 2.99 .191 .271
479 05536215 Thorn Creek at Glenwood, 111. 24.7 34 3.03 .201 .395
480 05536235 Deer Creek near Chicago Heights, 111. 23.1 36 2.71 .182 -.453
481 05536238 Butterfield Creek near Lincoln Estates, 1.77 19 2.14 .338 -.171
111.
482 05536255 Butterfield Creek at Flossmoor, 111. 23.5 35 2.81 .281 .320
483 05536265 Lansing Ditch near Lansing, 111. 8.84 36 2.28 .235 -.666
484 05536270 North Creek near Lansing, 111. 16.8 32 2.54 .198 -.284
485 05536275 Thorn Creek at Thornton, 111. 104 37 3.30 .204 -.144
486 05536290 Little Calumet River at South Holland, 208 37 3.39 . 163 -.335
111.
487 05536310 Calumet Union Drainage Canal near 12.6 16 2.47 .146 -.447
Markham, 111.
488 05536325 Little Calumet River at Harvey, 111. 252 17 3.28 .222 -.462
489 05536335 Midlothian Creek near Tinley Park, 111. 9.13 25 2.35 .143 .873
490 05536340 Midlothian Creek at Oak Forest, 111. 12.6 33 2.40 .171 .554
491 05536460 Tinley Creek near Oak Forest, 111. 7.95 19 2.62 .220 -.006
492 05536500 Tinley Creek near Palos Park, 111. 11.2 32 2.73 .282 .110
493 05536510 Navajo Creek at Palos Heights, 111. 1.69 19 2.37 .148 .413
494 05536560 Melvina Ditch near Oak Lawn, 111. 5.58 19 2. 13 .277 -.218
495 05536570 Stony Creek (West) at Worth, 111. 18.0 16 2.60 .292 -.233

33
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi2) record X S G

496 05536620 Mill Creek near Palos Park, 111. 6.39 17 2.07 0.230 -0.256
497 05536630 Mill Creek at Palos Park, 111. 10.8 19 2.29 .330 .200
498 05537500 Long Run near Lemont, 111. 20.9 33 2.76 .317 .281
499 05538440 Spring Creek near Or land Park, 111. 1.59 17 1.59 .183 -.482
500 05539000 Hickory Creek at Joliet, 111. 107 42 3.47 .294 .812

501 05539870 West Branch Du Page River at 10.1 19 2.47 .264 -.735
Ontarioville, 111.
502 05539890 West Branch Du Page River at Wayne, 23.9 19 2.66 .226 -.101
111.
503 05539900 West Branch Du Page River near West 28.5 23 2.64 .203 -.489
Chicago, 111.
504 05539950 Klein Creek at Carol Stream, 111. 8.81 19 2.28 .242 1.39
505 05540030 West Branch Du Page River at West 60.2 19 2.84 .185 -.202
Chicago, 111.

506 05540060 Kress Creek at West Chicago, 111. 18.1 20 2.42 .183 .233
507 05540080 Spring Brook at Wheaton, 111. 2. 10 19 2.19 .186 1.06
508 05540095 West Branch Du Page River near 90.4 15 3.04 .179 .014
Warrenville, 111.
509 05540110 Ferry Creek at Warrenville, 111. 4.27 19 1.94 .202 .482
510 05540140 East Branch Du Page River near 2.47 19 1.75 .302 -.307
Bloomingdale , 111.

511 05540150 East Branch Du Page River at Glen Ellyn, 13.6 18 2.37 .270 -.236
111.
512 05540160 East Branch Du Page River near Downers 26.6 15 2.74 .235 .087
Grove, 111.
513 05540190 St. Joseph Creek at Be lino nt, 111. 8.80 17 2.52 .224 -.417
514 05540240 Prentiss Creek near Lisle, 111. 6.48 20 2.28 .234 .710
515 05540500 Du Page River at Shorewood, 111. 324 43 3.56 .242 .023
516 05541750 Mazon River Tributary near Gardner, 111. 4.52 22 2.01 .178 -1.03
517 05542000 Mazon River near Coal City, 111. 455 44 3.88 .277 -1.04
518 05543830 Fox River at Waukesha, Wis. 126 19(32) 2.96 .213 -.077
519 05544300 Mukwonago River Tributary near 1.27 21 1.44 .304 -.738
Mukwonago, Wis.
520 05545100 Sugar Creek at Elkhorn, Wis. 6.63 21 2.12 .310 .695
521 05545200 White River Tributary near Burlington, 2.42 25 1.98 .255 .357
Wis.
522 05545300 White River near Burlington, Wis. 110 24 2.90 .254 -.057
523 05546500 Fox River at Wilmot, Wis. 868 44 3.42 .203 .105
524 05548150 North Branch Nippersink Creek near 13.6 21 2.22 .163 -.500
Genoa City, Wis.
525 05548280 Nippersink Creek near Spring Grove, 192 18 3.10 .322 -.486
111.

526 05549000 Boone Creek near McHenry, 111. 15.5 34 2.09 .254 -.599
527 05549700 Mutton Creek at Island Lake, 111. 10.8 15 1.85 .339 .097
528 05549850 Flint Creek near Fox River Grove, 111. 37.0 16 2.40 . 114 .965
529 05549900 Fox River Tributary near Gary, 111. .07 23 1.03 .450 -.415
530 05550000 Fox River at Algonquin, 111. 1,403 68 3.49 . 183 -.287
531 05550300 Tyler Creek at Elgin, ill. 38.9 17 2.52 .104 -.390
532 05550430 East Branch Poplar Creek near Palatine, 2.63 17 1.94 . 192 .985
111.
533 05550450 Poplar Creek near Ontarioville, 111. 16.7 17 2.32 .172 .001
534 05550470 Poplar Creek Tributary near Bartlett, 4.55 19 2.22 .219 .544
111.
535 05550500 Poplar Creek at Elgin, 111. 35.2 32 2.56 .208 -.024

34
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi2) record y S G

536 05551030 Brews ter Creek at Valley View, 111. 14.0 17 2.35 0.307 -0.306
537 05551050 Norton Creek near Wayne, 111. 7.35 18 1.95 .334 .586
538 05551060 Norton Creek near St. Charles, 111. 11.5 18 2.10 .308 1.05
539 05551200 Person Creek near St. Charles, 111. 51.7 23 2.92 .298 -.978
540 05551500 Fox River at Aurora, 111. 1,705 10 3.74 .176 .186

541 05551520 Indian Creek near North Aurora, 111. 5.21 19 2.11 .263 -.084
542 05551530 Indian Creek at Aurora, 111. 16.7 19 2.71 .127 -.645
543 05551620 Blackberry Creek near Kaneville, 111. 21.6 17 2.63 .115 -.147
544 05551650 Lake Run Tributary near Batavia, 111. 2.11 16 1.70 .432 .602
545 05551700 Blackberry Creek near Yorkville, 111. 70.2 23 2.80 .287 -.547

546 05551800 Pox River Tributary No. 2 near Fox, 111. .45 19 1.80 .486 -.120
547 05551900 East Branch Big Rock Creek near Big 32.6 15 2.80 .210 .174
Rock, 111.
548 05551930 Welch Creek near Big Rock, 111. 22.1 16 2.49 .197 -.197
549 05552500 Fox River at Dayton, 111. 2,642 68 4.07 .229 -.110
550 05554000 North Fork Vermilion River near 186 41 3.32 .253 -.588
Charlotte, 111.
551 05554500 Vermilion River at Pontiac, 111. 579 41 3.70 .239 -.242
552 05554600 Mud Creek Tributary near Odell, 111. .16 18 1.66 .350 -.719
553 05555000 Vermilion River at Streator, 111. 1,084 15 3.88 .252 -.380
554 05555300 Vermilion River near Leonore, 111. 1,251 53 4.04 .276 -.347
555 05555400 Vermilion River Tributary at Lowell, .14 21 1.41 .505 .498
111.

556 05555775 Vermilion Creek Tributary at Meriden, .36 13 1.63 .265 -.360
111.
557 05556500 Big Bureau Creek at Princeton, 111. 196 47 3.58 .330 -.981
558 05557000 West Bureau Creek at Wyanet, 111. 86.7 46 3.43 .317 -.041
559 05557100 West Bureau Creek Tributary near Wyanet, .33 22 1.90 .354 .036
111.
560 05557500 East Bureau Creek near Bureau, 111. 99.0 47 3.34 .298 -.395

561 05558000 Big Bureau Creek at Bureau, 111. 485 11 3.90 .205 -.168
562 05558050 Coffee Creek Tributary near Florid, 111. .03 21 1.25 .429 -.254
563 05558075 Coffee Creek Tributary near Hennepin, .22 24 1.78 .335 .643
111.
564 05558500 Crow Creek (West) near Henry, 111. 56.2 32 3.19 .296 .199
565 05559000 Gimlet Creek at Sparland, 111. 5.66 34 2.91 .251 -.608

566 05559500 Crow Creek near Washburn, 111. 115 37 3.33 .227 -.076
567 05561000 Ackerman Creek at Farmdale, 111. 11.2 27 2.80 .405 -.222
568 05563000 Kickapoo Creek near Kickapoo, 111. 119 38 3.84 .325 .035
569 05563100 Kickapoo Creek Tributary near Kickapoo, .07 21 1.44 .440 .017
111.
570 05563500 Kickapoo Creek at Peoria, 111. 297 41 3.90 .262 .925

571 05564400 Money Creek near Towanda, 111. 49.0 25 2.94 .237 -.030
572 05564500 Money Creek above Lake Bloomington, 111. 53.1 25 2.98 .243 .480
573 05565000 Hickory Creek above Lake Bloomington, 9.81 20 2.68 .373 -.801
111.
574 05566000 East Branch Panther Creek near Gridley, 6.30 22 2. 15 .235 .197
111.
575 05566500 East Branch Panther Creek at El Paso, 30.5 33 2.77 .324 .989
111.

35
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi 2 ) record * S G

576 05567000 Panther Creek near El Paso, 111. 93.9 34 3.32 0.320 0.104
577 05567500 Mackinaw River near Congerville, 111. 767 39 3.93 .285 .572
578 05567800 Indian Creek Tributary near Hopedale, .98 12 2.26 .300 -.300
111.
579 05568000 Mackinaw River near Green Valley, 111. 1,089 61 3.92 .305 .734
580 05568650 Duck Creek near Canton, 111. .49 17 1.82 .224 .270

581 05568800 Indian Creek near Wyoming, 111. 62.7 24 3.19 .234 .692
582 05568850 Forman Creek Tributary near Victoria, 1.00 16 2.00 .337 -.112
111.
583 05569500 Spoon River at London Mills, 111. 1,072 41 4.03 .246 .690
584 05569825 Cedar Creek Tributary at St. Augustine, 4.06 25 2.59 .237 .661
111.
585 05570000 Spoon River at Seville, 111. 1,636 67 4.08 .223 -.101

586 05570350 Big Creek at St. David, 111. 28.0 12 2.98 .165 .944
587 05570370 Big Creek near Bryant, 111. 41.2 12 2.90 .159 -.500
588 05571000 Sangamon River at Mahomet, 111. 362 31 3.61 .285 -.073
589 05572000 Sangamon River at Monticello, 111. 550 74 3.72 .272 -.199
590 05572100 Wildcat Creek Tributary near Monticello, .10 21 1.46 .247 -.519
111.

591 05572450 Friends Creek at Argenta, 111. 111 16 3.22 .269 .678
592 05574000 South Fork Sangamon River near Nokomis, 11.0 30 2.99 .310 .628
111.
593 05574500 Flat Branch near Taylorville, 111. 276 33 3.58 .281 -.483
594 05575500 South Fork Sangamon River at Kincaid, 562 60 3.64 .305 .003
111.
595 05576000 South Fork Sangamon River near 867 34 3.72 .308 -.523
Rochester, 111.

596 05576500 Sangamon River at Riverton, 111. 2,618 68 4.16 .289 -.865
597 05577500 Spring Creek at Springfield, 111. 107 36 3.24 .395 -.317
598 05577700 Sangamon River Tributary at Andrew, 111. 1.50 24 2.32 .318 -.333
599 05578500 Salt Creek near Rowell, 111. 335 46 3.56 .357 .148
600 05579500 Lake Fork near Cornland, 111. 214 36 3.31 .302 .192

601 05579750 Kickapoo Creek Tributary at Heyworth, 3.06 17 2.57 .246 -.243
111.
602 05580000 Kickapoo Creek at Waynesville, 111. 227 36 3.62 .326 .488
603 05580500 Kickapoo Creek near Lincoln, 111. 306 39 3.66 .320 .344
604 05580700 Salt Creek Tributary at Middletown, 111. .90 15 2.05 .493 -.427
605 05581500 Sugar Creek near Hartsburg, 111. 333 39 3.75 .338 .701

606 05582000 Salt Creek near Greenview, 111. 1,804 42 4.10 .283 -.149
607 05582200 Cabiness Creek Tributary near .94 21 2.08 .484 .010
Petersburg, 111.
608 05582500 Crane Creek near Easton, 111. 26.5 32 2.32 .330 -.616
609 05583000 Sangamon River near Oakford, 111. 5,093 66 4.32 .306 -.553
610 05584400 Drowning Fork at Bushnell, 111. 26.3 23 2.83 .334 -.171
611 05584450 Wigwam Hollow Creek near Macomb, 111. .60 16 2.31 .267 -.419
612 05584500 La Moine River at Colmar, 111. 655 39 3.90 .302 -.316
613 05584950 West Creek at Mount Sterling, 111. 2.16 12 2.36 .248 .316
614 05585000 La Moine River at Ripley, 111. 1,293 63 3.94 .224 -.026
615 05585220 Indian Creek Tributary near Sinclair, 3.58 25 2.57 .342 -.465
111.

36
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi 2) record y S G

616 05585700 Dry Fork Tributary near Mount Sterling, 0.15 21 1.50 0.247 -0.218
111.
617 05586000 North Fork Mauvaise Terre Creek near 29.1 34 2.96 .433 -.893
Jacksonville, 111.
618 05586350 Little Sandy Creek Tributary near 1.82 12 2.58 .370 -.606
Murrayville, 111.
619 05586500 Hurricane Creek near Roodhouse, 111. 2.30 33 2.32 .345 .017
620 05586850 Bear Creek Tributary near Feeders, 111. .02 25 1.10 .277 .449

621 05587000 Macoupin Creek near Kane, ill. 868 56 3.96 .333 -.429
622 05587850 Cahokia Creek Tributary No. 2 near .45 25 2.17 .357 -.362
Carpenter, 111.
623 05587900 Cahokia creek at Edwardsvi lie , 111. 212 15 3.64 .212 -1.16
624 05588000 Indian Creek at Wanda, 111. 36.7 43 3.26 .330 .138
625 05589500 Canteen Creek at Caseyville, 111. 22.6 45 3.25 .310 -.012

626 05589780 Little Canteen Creek Tributary near 1.62 14 2.22 ,425 -.028
Collinsville, 111.
627 05590000 Kaskaskia Ditch at Bondvilie, 111. 12.4 39 2.56 .297 .346
628 05590400 Kaskaskia River near Pesotum, 111. 109 15 3.25 .162 .092
629 05590500 Kaskaskia River at Ficklin, 111. 126 11 3.28 .272 -.170
630 05590800 Lake Fork at Atwood, 111. 149 11 3.34 .130 .518

631 05591200 Kaskaskia River at Cooks Mills, 111. 473 13 3.68 .207 -.417
632 05591500 Asa Creek at Sullivan, 111. 8.05 32 2.51 .365 -.358
633 05591750 Stringtown Branch Tributary near .70 20 1.69 .283 -.576
Lake City, 111.
634 05592000 Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, 111. 1,054 50 3.95 .301 -.614
635 05592025 Mud Creek Tributary near Tower Hill, .20 21 2.05 .354 .131
111.

636 05592300 Wolf Creek near Beecher City, 111. 47.9 24 3.46 .282 -.377
637 05592700 Hurricane Creek Tributary near Witt, .14 25 1.84 .171 -.351
111.
638 05592800 Hurricane Creek near Mulberry Grove, 152 13 3.86 .250 -.365
111.
639 05593575 Little Crooked Creek near New Minden, 84.3 16 3.55 .313 -.532
111.
640 05593600 Blue Grass Creek near Raymond, 111. 17.3 23 2.98 .223 -.608

641 05593700 Blue Grass Creek Tributary near Raymond, .34 13 2.16 .196 .161
111.
642 05593900 East Fork Shoal Creek near Coffeen, 111. 55.5 20 3.32 .248 -.087
643 05594000 Shoal Creek near Breese, 111. 735 42 3.92 .286 -.493
644 05594090 Sugar Creek at Albers, 111. 124 10 3.55 .312 -.414
645 05594200 Williams Creek near Cordes, 111. 1.90 17 2.52 .298 .169

646 05594330 Mud Creek near Marissa, 111. 72.4 12 3.27 .284 .500
647 05594450 Silver Creek near Troy, 111. 154 17 3.53 .355 -.830
648 05594800 Silver Creek near Freeburg, 111. 464 13 3.60 .364 -.923
649 05595000 Kaskaskia River at New Athens, 111. 5,181 46 4.35 .324 -.181
650 05595200 Richland creek near Hecker, 111. 129 14 3.65 .296 -.198

651 05595500 Marys River near Sparta, 111. 17.8 23 3. 16 .355 .344
652 05595510 Lick Branch near Eden, 111. 1.22 14 2.21 .355 .693
653 05595550 Marys River Tributary at Chester, 111. .65 15 2.42 . 192 .022
654 05595800 Sevenmile Creek near Mt. Vernon, 111. 21.1 22 3.00 .223 -.031
655 05596000 Big Muddy River near Benton, 111. 502 25 3.87 .330 .272

37
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States--Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
Ho. Ho. Station name (mi2) record Y S G

656 05596100 Andy Creek Tributary at Valier, 111. 1.03 17 2.38 0.320 -0.332
657 05597000 big Muddy River at Plumfield, 111. 794 60 3.86 .289 -.606
658 05597450 Crab Orchard Creek Tributary near .65 13 2.36 .129 1.04
Pittsburg, 111.
659 05597500 Crab Orchard Creek near Marion, 111. 31.7 32 3.17 .279 -.498
660 05599000 Beaucoup Creek near Matthews, 111. 292 36 3.67 .335 .070

661 05599500 Big Muddy River at Murphy sboro, 111. 2,169 56 4.08 .268 -.659
662 05599560 Clay Lick Creek near Makanda, 111. 1.94 17 2.87 .291 .614
663 05599580 Big Muddy River Tributary near Gorham, .17 16 1.58 .275 .230
111.
664 05599640 Green Creek Tributary near Jonesboro, .43 23 2.40 .246 -.613
111.
665 05599800 Orchard Creek near Fay vi lie, 111. .09 12 1.78 .255 .291

666 05600000 Big Creek near Wetaug, ill. 32.2 42 3.35 .155 .617
667 06902500 Hamilton Branch near New Boston, Mo. 2.51 17 2.76 .253 -.242
668 06902800 Onion Branch at St. Catherine, Mo. 1.04 25 2.36 .359 -.223
669 06903900 Chariton River near Rathbun, Iowa 549 13 3.73 .415 -.010
670 06904300 Shoal Creek near Hartford, Mo. 155 19 3.56 .174 -.763

671 06904700 Strop Branch near Novinger, Mo. .96 25 2.67 .453 -.599
672 06905000 Chariton River at Elmer, Mo. 1,660 21 4.08 .214 -.204
673 06927000 Maries River at Westphalia, Mo. 257 34 4.06 .224 .279
674 06927100 Doane Branch near Kingdom City, Mo. .54 20 1.92 .358 .829
675 06927200 Big Hollow near Fulton, Mo. 4.05 16 2.78 .160 -.581

676 06931000 Beaver Creek near Rolla, Mo. 13.7 30 3.33 .313 -.273
677 06931500 Little Beaver Creek near Rolla, Mo. 6.41 32 3.16 .302 .638
678 06931600 Paulsell Branch near Rolla, Mo. 2.33 31 2.95 .374 .413
679 06932000 Little Piney Creek at Newburg, Mo. 200 55 3.76 .382 -.153
680 06933700 Penzer Hollow near Rolla, Mo. .27 22 1.99 .266 -.127
681 06934000 Gasconade River near Rich Fountain, 3,180 44 4.44 .276 -.195
Mo.
682 06934600 Rumbo Branch at Danville, Mo. 1.40 27 2.38 .265 .361
683 06934650 Loutre River at Mineola, Mo. 202 32 3.88 .283 -.914
684 06934750 Little Berger Creek Tributary near .25 25 1.93 .373 .437
Hermann, Mo.
685 06935800 Shot we 11 Creek at Highway 340 near .81 20 2.58 .265 -.466
Ellisville, Mo.
686 07010350 Meramec River at Cook Station, Mo. 199 15 3.69 .613 -.900
687 07011200 Love Creek near Salem, Mo. .89 23 2.07 .237 .287
688 07011300 Ragan Branch near Rolla, Mo. 6.58 28 2.80 .478 .382
689 07011500 Green Acre Branch near Rolla Mo. .62 28 2.39 .363 -.057
690 07012000 Behmke Branch near Rolla, Mo. 1.05 31 2.65 .338 .033
691 07013000 Meramec River near Steelville, Mo. 781 66 4. 13 .330 -.654
692 07014500 Meramec River near Sullivan, Mo. 1,475 51 4.26 .344 -.626
693 07015000 Bourbeuse River near St. James, Mo. 21.3 33 3.49 .267 -.702
694 07015500 Lanes Fork near Rolla, Mo. .22 20 1.81 .238 -.454
695 07015700 Lanes Fork near Vichy, Mo. 24.1 31 3.58 .224 -.335
696 07015720 Bourbeuse River near High Gate, Mo. 135 19 4.07 .320 -.528
697 07015800 Langenberg Branch near Rosebud, Mo. .64 20 2.03 .320 .311
698 07016000 Bourbeuse River near Spring Bluff, Mo. 608 36 4.16 .223 .357
699 07016500 Bourbeuse River at Union, Mo. 808 69 4.13 .230 .413
700 07017000 Meramec River at Robertsville, Mo. 2,673 12 4.56 .272 -.391

38
 Table 2. Annual peak flow statistics for selected gaging stations
in Illinois and adjacent States Continued

Map Drainage Years Peak flow statistics

index Station area of
No. No. Station name (mi2) record T S G

701 07017200 Big River at Irondale, Mo. 175 19 4.15 0.293 -0.585
702 07017500 Dry Branch near Bonne Terre, Mo. 3.35 25 2.76 .242 -.742
703 07017700 Fountain Farm Branch near Potosi, Mo. 2.16 23 2.70 .242 .101
704 07018000 Big River near Desoto, Mo. 718 35 4.22 .236 -.101
705 07018500 Big River at Byrnesville, Mo. 917 61 4.16 .259 -.599

706 07019000 Meramec River near Eureka, Mo. 3,788 66 4.56 .286 -.092
707 07019820 Murphy Branch near Crystal City, Mo. .44 22 2.20 .290 .685
708 07021000 Castor River at Zalma, Mo. 423 62 4.05 .370 -.026
709 07021200 Sunnbrook Creek near Lutesville, Mo. .52 19 2.38 .187 -.847
710 07022500 Perry Creek near Mayfield, Ky. 1.72 28 2.84 .239 .214

711 07023000 Mayfield Creek at Love lace ville, Ky. 212 39 3.83 .169 .368
712 07023500 Obion Creek at Pryorsburg, Ky. 36.8 31 3.58 .157 .144
713 07024000 Bayou De Chien near Clinton, Ky. 68.7 41 3.51 .211 -.293
714 07033000 Wolf Creek near Farmington, Mo. 40.3 23 3.50 .257 .340
715 07035500 Barnes Creek near Fredericktown, Mo. 4.03 26 3.04 .439 -.301

716 07037500 St. Francis River near Patterson, Mo. 956 62 4.51 .250 -.387
717 07037700 Clark Creek near Piedmont, Mo. 4.39 23 2.62 .816 -3.55
718 07038000 Clark Creek at Patterson, Mo. 37.5 21 3.74 .219 -.429
719 07040040 Delaware Creek Tributary near .38 24 2.59 .178 -.376
Bloomfield, Mo.
720 07041000 Little River Ditch 81 near Kennett, Mo. 111 53 3.26 .198 -1.64

721 07042000 Little River Ditch 1 near Kennett, Mo. 235 53 3.64 .176 -1.11
722 07042500 Little River Ditch 251 near Lilbourn, 235 39 3.46 .153 .329
Mo.
723 07043500 Little River uitch No. 1 near Mo rehouse, 450 39 3.73 .136 -.736
Mo.
724 07046000 Little River Ditch 259 near Kennett, Mo. 89.0 53 3.26 .224 -.929
725 07061300 East Fork Black River at Lesterville, 94.5 15 3.58 .304 -.840
Mo.

726 07061500 Black River near Annapolis, Mo. 484 45 4.26 .278 -.466
727 07061800 Brawley Hollow near Centerville, Mo. 1.00 19 2.09 .166 .016
728 07063200 Pike Creek Tributary near Poplar Bluff, .28 15 2.07 .297 -.514
Mo.
729 07068200 North Prong Little Black River at 1.23 23 2.23 .374 -.200
Hunter, Mo.
730 07068500 Little Black River near Fairdealing, Mo. 187 28 3.83 .419 .282

39
 Table 3. Comparison of peak discharge estimates for selected
recurrence intervals

[Techniques R1 / R2, and R3 are described in section "Techniques for

Estimating Generalized Skew"]

WRC skew map

Station Expected Lower Upper R3 R2 R1
No. value limit limit

50-year peak discharge, in cubic feet per second

03343400 7,310 6,500 8,390 7,840 7,320 7,470

03344500 3,890 3,390 4,550 3,970 4,090 4,160
03381500 39,100 36,000 42,900 39,400 40,200 39,800
03382170 2,500 2,230 2,870 2,510 2,630 2,680
05419000 13,300 12,400 14,500 13,500 13,600 13,800

05437500 33,700 31,500 36,200 34,400 34,100 33,800

05439500 9,760 8,940 10,800 10,300 9,760 9,520
05447500 12,000 11,300 12,900 12,500 12,100 11,900
05466500 11,200 10,300 12,400 11,500 11,400 11,600
05501500 896 697 1,220 961 955 961

05502040 18,500 16,800 20,700 19,300 18,700 18,300

05525000 8,510 7,880 9,280 8,620 8,700 8,780
05526500 786 668 952 786 917 961
05527950 1,430 1,200 1,780 1,570 1,440 1,440
05528500 934 839 1,060 996 935 935

05531500 2,110 1,990 2,250 2,150 2,130 2,130

05535070 745 692 814 750 772 774
05536335 460 426 504 461 482 484
05554600 186 153 233 202 190 181
05564400 2,540 2,260 2,920 2,600 2,630 2,680

05570000 33,300 31,000 35,900 33,700 33,800 34,100

05572450 6,040 5,080 7,480 6,140 6,590 6,790
05583000 73,100 66,800 80,700 76,100 74,000 74,900
05587900 9,850 8,790 1 1,300 10,500 9,840 10,100
05592300 9,520 8,290 11,200 9,970 9,800 10,000

05593600 2,330 2, 100 2,630 2,440 2,370 2,310

05594450 13,400 11,100 16,700 14,600 13,500 12,800
05595200 15,400 12,900 19,100 16,100 16,000 15,500
05599500 35,500 32,200 39,500 37,000 35,600 36,200
05600000 4,850 4,540 5,210 4,830 5,000 5,050

40
 Table 3. Comparison of peak discharge estimates for selected
recurrence intervals Continued

WRC skew map

Station Expected Lower Upper P3 R2 R1
No. value limit limit

100-year peak discharge, in cubic feet per second

03343400 7,940 7,020 9,180 8,700 7,950 8,170

03344500 4,710 4,060 5,590 4,840 5,040 5,170
03381500 44,800 41,000 49,600 45,300 46,700 46,000
03382170 2,790 2,470 3,260 2,810 3,000 3,090
05419000 15,100 13,900 16,500 15,300 15,500 15,700

05437500 37,000 34,500 40,000 38,000 37,600 37,100

05439500 10,600 9,690 11,800 11,400 10,600 10,300
05447500 12,900 12,100 13,900 13,500 13,000 12,700
05466500 12,600 11,500 14,000 13,100 12,900 13,100
05501500 1,090 833 1,520 1,200 1,190 1,200

05502040 20,700 18,600 23,300 21,900 21,000 20,500

05525000 9,470 8,720 10,400 9,650 9,760 9,890
05526500 997 832 1,240 998 1,240 1,330
05527950 1,590 1,320 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,600
05528500 1,020 912 1,160 1,110 1,020 1,020

05531500 2,260 2,120 2,500 2,320 2,290 2,290

05535070 807 744 890 815 847 852
05536335 512 470 566 514 546 550
05554600 213 173 271 237 219 206
05564400 2,890 2,550 3,360 2,990 3,040 3,100

05570000 37,600 34,900 40,900 38,300 38,500 38,900

05572450 7,230 6,000 9,150 7,400 8,150 8,510
05583000 82,800 75,200 92,000 87,300 84,000 85,400
05587900 10,500 9,340 12,200 11,500 10,500 10,800
05592300 10,800 9,340 12,900 11,500 11,300 11,600

05593600 2,550 2,280 2,900 2,700 2,600 2,520

05594450 15,100 12,500 19,200 17,100 15,300 14,400
05595200 17,700 14,600 22,300 18,800 18,700 17,800
05599500 39,300 35,500 44,100 41,600 39,600 40,400
05600000 5,460 5,080 5,920 5,430 5,690 5,780

41
 Table 3. Comparison of peak discharge estimates for selected
recurrence intervals Continued

WRC skew map

Station Expected Lower Upper R3 R2 R1
No. value limit limit

500-year peak discharge, in cubic feet per second

03343400 9,180 8,030 10,800 10,600 9,190 9,580

03344500 6,920 5,810 8,480 7,240 7,750 8,090
03381500 59,200 53,200 66,800 60,200 63,400 61,700
03382170 3,500 3,030 4,220 3,540 3,970 4,170
05419000 19,200 17,500 21,400 19,700 20,200 20,600

05437500 44,200 40,800 48,300 46,200 45,500 44,400

05439500 12,200 11,100 13,800 13,800 12,300 11,800
05447500 14,700 13,600 15,900 15,700 14,800 14,300
05466500 15,800 14,200 17,700 16,700 16,400 16,800
05501500 1,590 1,170 2,330 1,840 1,820 1,850

05502040 25,400 22,600 29,000 27,800 26,100 25,000

05525000 11,700 10,700 13,100 12,100 12,300 12,600
05526500 1,650 1,320 2,140 1,650 2,420 2,740
05527950 1,910 1,560 2,460 2,310 1,940 1,930
05528500 1,190 1,060 1,380 1,360 1,200 1,200

05531500 2,570 2,390 2,780 2,680 2,630 2,640

05535070 950 863 1,070 966 1,030 1,040
05536335 640 578 723 643 715 724
05554600 273 218 358 324 286 260
05564400 3,740 3,230 4,450 3,950 4,040 4,200

05570000 48,000 44,000 52,800 49,400 49,800 50,700

05572450 10,400 8,330 13,800 10,800 12,800 13,800
05583000 104,000 93,600 117,000 113,000 106,000 109,000
05587900 11,900 10,400 13,900 13,500 11,800 12,400
05592300 13,800 11,700 16,800 15,200 14,700 15,400

05593600 3,000 2,660 3,470 3,280 3,100 2,950

05594450 18,900 15,300 24,500 22,700 19,300 17,500
05595200 23,100 18,600 30,200 25,500 25,300 23,400
05599500 47,600 42,500 54,000 51,900 48,000 49,500
05600000 6,990 6,410 7,720 6,940 7,520 7,720

42