1.
Abstract Methods = "You MUST have these methods"
o Template/contract for child classes
o No implementation in parent class
o Forces consistency
2. Polymorphism = "Same interface, different behavior"
o One method name, multiple implementations
o Code works with any object that has the right methods
o Makes systems extensible and flexible
In our student management system:
Abstract methods ensure all storage classes have save() and load()
Polymorphism allows us to use CSV, Excel, or JSON storage
interchangeably
The system doesn't care which storage type is used - it just
calls save() and load()