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I. VOCABULARY
* There is a lot of pollution in big cities due to ............
A. high-rise buildings | B. overpopulation | C. slum | D. rural migration
* There are not many houses in this ............
A. industrial area | B. high-rise building | C. megacity | D. slum
* People leave the countryside to move to a big city as part of ....................
A. overpopulation | B. megacity | C. industrial area | D. rural migration
* A city is considered a(n) ............if it has more than ten million people.
A. slum | B. megacity | C. overpopulation | D. industrial area
* As a painter, he was attracted to ............landscapes; that's why he moved to Tokyo.
A. urban | B. potential | C. affordable | D. crowded
* With so many people living in big cities, it is hard to find ..........
A. urbanisation | B. agriculture | C. accommodation | D. migration
* There is no way you can find a(n) ............ flat in the centre of the city.
A. urban | B. industrial | C. affordable | D. rural
* The cities that have good ............ can develop a transit system easily.
A. industries | B. wages | C. failure | D. infrastructure
* In a city, there are endless options for ............ activities.
A. recreational | B. peaceful | C. spacious | D. breathtaking
* As a rural migrant, I was very glad to find a ............ friend who comes from the same
hometown.
A. spacious | B. well-mannered | C. breathtaking | D. stressful
* The view from the high-rise building rooftop is ...............!
A. heavy | B. time-consuming | C. recreational | D. breathtaking
* There's no point in having ............ installed in a country with so little sunshine.
A. biomass fuel | B. solar panels | C. wind power | D. tidal energy
* ........... uses the power of the wave to generate electricity.
A. Hydroelectric power | B. Solar power | C. Wind power | D. Tidal energy
* Plants and animal waste make up what is called '..........'.
A. biomass fuel | B. wind power | C. solar power | D. tidal energy
* Countries with a great amount of sunlight can ........... the power of the sun to generate
electricity.
A. produce | B. install | C. harness | D. promote
* We specialize in the ........... of turbines.
A. installation | B. infrastructure | C. investment | D. challenge
* More ........... sources of energy must be used.
A. imported | B. significant | C. sustainable | D. dependent
* Tidal energy may prove a ........... way to generate electricity as the turbines always move.
A. harmful | B. consistent | C. ineffective | D. complicated
* What is the ......... cost of turbines?
A. power | B. maintenance | C. climate | D. condition
* We should no longer be ........... on fossil fuels.
A. permanent | B. abundant | C. dependent | D. minimal
* There are many ........... in the atmosphere of a megacity.
A. fuels | B. benefits | C. conditions | D. pollutants
 * Using LED light bulbs is less .......... to the environment.
A. impactful | B. recyclable | C. abundant | D. dependent
* Rural jobs are mainly about ........., so crop failure due to natural disasters can make it
difficult to earn a good living.
A. agriculture | B. opportunity | C. deforestation | D. policy
* In the process of ........., rural migration causes huge impacts on the environment and
urban citizens.
A. Agriculture | B. urbanisation | C. policy | D. opportunity
* Proper city planning and social services can bring good job .......... and a high quality of life
to urban residents.
A. agriculture | B. urbanisation | C. policy | D. opportunity
* There are more ........... in a megacity, which creates more jobs.
A. industries | B. goods | C. access | D. wages
* Poor .................... in rural areas leads people to big cities.
A. infrastructure | B. goods | C. access | D. wages
* Low .................... may force people to leave their towns or villages.
A. infrastructure | B. goods | C. access | D. wages
* Factories emit harmful .................... into the air.
A. impactful | B. depletion | C. consistent | D. pollutants
* The future energy prices are not .....................
A. predictable | B. reduction | C. installation | D. consistent
II. GRAMMAR
1. TENSES
* The manager ......... the store before I arrived.
A. closed | B. had closed | C. has closed | D. was closed
* When I got home I found that water .......... down the kitchen walls.
A. ran | B. was running | C. has run | D. had been running
* After he .......... his English course, he went to England to continue his study.
A. has finish | B. had finished | C. was finished | D. would finish
* While my father .......... a film on TV, my mother was cooking dinner.
A. watched | B. was watching | C. had watched | D. watches
* He .......... his Chinese course before he went to China to continue his business.
A. will finish | B. has finished | C. had finished | D. will have finished
* John ........ in the same house since he left school.
A. lived | B. had lived | C. was living | D. has lived
* I had prepared dinner before I ....... to work.
A. went | B. was going | C. had gone | D. is going
* When she came into the hall, she .......... her arms to the audience, smiled and bowed
deeply.
A. opened | B. had opened | C. was opening | D. is opening
* I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I .......... to play it.
A. try | B. tried | C. have tried | D. am trying
* I will come and see you before I .......... for the States.
A. leave | B. will leave | C. have left | D. shall leave
* These were the highest words of praise they .......... from the old man.
A. ever heard | B. have ever had | C. had ever had | D. will have ever heard
* He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he .......... dinner.
A. finish | B. finishes | C. will finish | D. finishing
 * Another million people ....... unemployed by the time next year.
A. will have become | B. will become | C. will be become | D. will be becoming
* She told me that her family .......... long in that town.
A. has lived | B. had lived | C. lived | D. was living
* By the time he ......... out of jail, he will have forgotten how to function in the real world.
A. got | B. will get | C. gets | D. is getting
2. CAUSATIVE
* We are going to have a technician ............. a smart lighting system in our house.
A. install | B. to install | C. installed | D. installing
* Peter will have his computer ............. so that it can process more data and store more
information.
A. upgrade | B. to upgrade | C. upgrading | D. upgraded
* Lily often has her house .......... by a robot vacuum cleaner.
A. clean | B. to clean | C. cleaned | D. cleaning
* Patients at this hospital get their temperature ......... by nursing robots every morning.
A. measuring | B. measured | C. to measured | D. measure
* My father had a web developer ............. his company website.
A. build | B. to build | C. built | D. builds
* I was surprised that I got all my questions about the course ............ by a chat bot.
A. answer | B. answering | C. answered | D. answers
* Sarah got the electricity company ............ the damaged street light near her house.
A. to fix | B. fix | C. fixing | D. fixed
* The city officials had the city planner ............ a new bus route.
A. design | B. to design | C. designing | D. designed
* I wonder when the government will get a new metro system ..... to reduce traffic
congestion in this area.
A. builds | B. built | C. building | D. to build
* We had our new furniture ............ to the flat yesterday after we made the payment.
A. delivers | B. deliver | C. delivered | D. to deliver
3. PHRASAL VERBS
* He decided to _____ of college because he lost interest in studying.
A. drop in | B. drop out | C. drop by | D. drop off
* To save money, we need to _____ unnecessary expenses.
A. take up | B. cut down on | C. put up with | D. run out of
* Could you please _____ this package at my sister’s house on your way?
A. drop out | B. drop by | C. drop off | D. drop in
* She didn’t enjoy the course, so she chose to _____ before the final exams.
A. drop with | B. drop away | C. drop out | D. drop off
* Please remember to _____ the lights before leaving the room to save electricity.
A. turn down | B. turn up | C. turn on | D. turn off
* She always manages to _____ a brilliant idea for our school projects.
A. come down with | B. come up with | C. come in with | D. come over with
* I think I’m starting to _____ the flu. I’ve been sneezing all day.
A. come up with | B. come down with | C. come into | D. come over
* We need to _____ a good solution before the deadline.
A. come up with | B. come down with | C. come along with | D. come over with
* She couldn't attend the meeting because she had _____ a bad cold.
A. come up with | B. come in with | C. come down with | D. come over with
* The team worked hard to _____ a new strategy for the competition.
A. come down with | B. come over with | C. come in with | D. come up with
4. WORD FORMS
* People in the countryside have difficulty finding jobs because there are not enough _____.
A. industrial | B. industries | C. industry | D. industrialisation
* Easy access to essential facilities is a(n) _____ of urban living.
A. convenient | B. convenience | C. inconvenient | D. inconvenience
* There has been a significant increase in _____ activity to urban areas...
A. migrant | B. migrate | C. migration | D. migratory
* Megacities are the most _____ places on Earth with millions of inhabitants.
A. populous | B. populate | C. population | D. overpopulation
* Mike switched to solar power at his house because it was much more _____...
A. economy | B. economics | C. economical | D. economist
* ...persuade people to reduce their _____ on fossil fuels.
A. rely | B. reliance | C. reliant | D. reliability
* How much power can one wind turbine _____ in a single day?
A. produce | B. productive | C. product | D. productivity
* That geothermal plant has been in _____ for the past two years.
A. operate | B. operator | C. operation | D. operational
* In the coming decades, we must prioritise _____ energy development...
A. sustainability | B. sustainable | C. sustain | D. sustainably
* Wind power has made a huge _____ to reducing carbon emissions.
A. contributory | B. contributor | C. contribute | D. contribution
5. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
* _____ happy if Kai does that?
A. Will they be | B. Will they are | C. Are they | D. Would they be
* I _____ Philip’s friend if I had her address.
A. visited | B. would visit | C. will visit | D. visit
* Mary would have visited her old friend before if there _____ quite a lot of people there.
A. hadn’t | B. wouldn’t be | C. hadn’t been | D. wasn’t
* If you had taken the advice I gave you last year, you _____ much happier now.
A. would be | B. would have been | C. will be | D. are
* _____ I you, I wouldn’t turn down his invitation.
A. Do | B. Should | C. Were | D. Had
* _____, you would have succeeded in your business.
A. If you listened to my advice | B. Were you to listen to my advice | C. Had you listened to
my advice | D. As long as you listened to my advice
* If I knew how to solve these complex problems, I _____ the project on time.
A. would have finished | B. would finish | C. will finish | D. had finished
* If _____ as I told her, she wouldn’t have had many mistakes.
A. she has done | B. she does | C. she had done | D. she did
* If they decided to stay here, they _____ more time for each other.
A. spent | B. will spend | C. would spend | D. spended
* Peter _____ a taxi to get home if it rains.
A. will take | B. takes | C. took | D. take
* If you _____ your homework, you would have had no trouble at school.
A. had done | B. would do | C. did | D. do
* If Sany had free time, he _____ to Linda's party.
 A. would come | B. will come | C. came | D. come
* If he hadn't lost his job last month, he _____ struggling so much right now.
A. will not be | B. wouldn't have been | C. wouldn't have | D. wouldn't be
* _____ I to learn English, I would read an English book.
A. If | B. Should | C. Were | D. Had
* If she were more attentive during her training sessions, she _____ injured last week.
A. wouldn't have been | B. wouldn't be | C. won't be | D. hadn't been
* Unless Suzy starts now, she _____ the project on time.
A. won't finish | B. don't finish | C. won't be finished | D. doesn't finish
* They would save more money if they _____ those goods.
A. didn't buy | B. wouldn't buy | C. don't buy | D. won't buy
* If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for school.
A. wouldn't have been | B. wouldn't be | C. would be | D. would have been
* Your mother will smile happily if you _____ her some beautiful flowers.
A. give | B. gave | C. gives | D. will give
* _____ Adam Levine, I might not have met you.
A. Had it not for | B. Had not it been for | C. Had it no been for | D. Had it not been for