CPU
BUSINESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE SCHOOL OF
GRADUATION STUDIES DEGREE OF COMPUTER
SCIENCE PROGRAM
General Information Article Title: - Performance Comparison of Two Emerging Wireless
Technology Wi-Fi and WiMAX using ns-2.
Group Assignment; - Article Review
Reviewed by:
1. BIRUK ZEWUDE…………….RCS/661/15/
2. YOSEF TESHOME…………RCS/1101/16
3. BAMLAK ENDALE ………TRCS/1719/16
4. DAWIT TARIKU………………TRCS/2091/16
5. YOANS AYALEW……………RCS/1182/15
6. ABEL FIKRU……………TRCS/1290/16
Submited to:- Ms. Fikirte
Fab 6, 2026
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: - Abhilash Mishra and Ashish Gupta,
Published by: - Research Scholar, Professors, Computer Science & Engineering Dept,
NITM, Gwalior India1,2 Professors, Computer Science & Engineering Dept, NITM, Gwalior
India3,4 [Link]@[Link],jagratidxt@[Link]
Published on: - International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988
(online) Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp: (23-28).
Homepage: - [Link]
Article Review
1.1 Introduction
The number of deployed wireless networks increases every day. Due to the difference performance
and convenience of deploying wireless networks, they replace hardwired networks in many fields of
application. Recent research has demonstrated that comparing these technologies in terms of
performance, coverage, and suitability for different network scenarios, especially as newer wireless
standards continue to emerge. According to Verma, (2020) investigates these differences using
simulation-based performance metrics such as end-to-end delay, network load, and throughput.
Understanding these differences is crucial for designing efficient wireless networks and for
determining which technology is best suited to a particular deployment scenario.
Wireless communication technologies have rapidly evolved in recent decades, enabling seamless
connectivity for both local and wide-area networks. Among the prominent technologies, Wi-Fi (IEEE
802.11) and WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) have played significant roles in shaping indoor and metropolitan
broadband access, respectively. Wi-Fi has become ubiquitous in homes, offices, and public hotspots,
offering high-speed connectivity over short ranges. In contrast, WiMAX was developed to provide
long-range wireless broadband coverage, supporting both fixed and mobile users across cities and
rural areas.
1.2 Overall Purpose of the Article
The overall purpose of the article is to examine the performance comparison of two Emerging
wireless technology Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX using ns-2so, and therefore, focused and demonstrated the
final outline the research explained that the rapid advancement of technology, future communication
and data transmission increasingly depend on wireless networks, making wireless networking a
significant area of research in both academia and industry.
The study presents a detailed performance analysis of two emerging broadband wireless
technologies, Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) and WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), both based on IEEE MAC
standards. As modern applications demand higher data rates and more reliable communication, new
wireless technologies are continuously being developed. However, Wi-Fi faces several challenges,
including limited coverage area, lower data transmission speed, higher delay, and security issues.
These limitations are addressed through the implementation of WiMAX technology, which offers
wider coverage and improved quality of service. In this work, the WiMAX MAC (802.16) standard
is implemented and compared with the Wi-Fi MAC (802.11) standard using the AODV routing
protocol, and the network behavior is analyzed through simulation-based experimental evaluation.
1.3 Methods Used
Analysis model: - It is the value of information is computed using mathematical methods, which
shows that even performance metrics choose, measures the value. And shows the performance using
these following parameters:
Average end-of-the-end delay: It is defined as the time taken for a data packet to be transmitted
across a MANET from source to destination.
D = (Tr –Ts) where Tr is receiving Time and Ts is sent Time.
Throughput: Throughput is used to calculate the overall performance of network it is a degree of
successfully delivered messages in unit time over communication network. It is computed as:
ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑡=𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑐×8/𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
1.4 New Ideas or Information Communicated in the Article
New ideas or information communicated in the article appears to be the performance of both
technologies is assessed in terms of end-to-end delay and network load, and the results clearly
demonstrate that WiMAX achieves better performance than Wi-Fi, making it a more efficient
solution for high-data-rate and large-area wireless communication systems.
1.5 Importance of Publishing these Ideas
According to the publisher, to clearly explain the two network differences and effectiveness,
therefore, Wi-Fi can operate at distances as great as WiMAX but there are two reasons why it
doesn't. One of the reasons is that radios operating in the unlicensed frequencies are not allowed to
be as powerful as those operated with licenses; and from convention, less power means less distance.
These regulations are based on the dated assumption that devices can't regulate themselves, but the
assumption may be correct over great enough distances. The second reason as to why Wi-Fi access
points don't serve as wide an area as WiMAX access points do is the common engineering belief that
the problem of everybody shouting at once, even if it's surmountable in a classroom, would be
catastrophic in a larger arena.
WiMAX can be considered as an extension to WLAN and can deliver internet access miles away
from the nearby WLAN and blanket large areas i.e. WMANs. It’s standards for worldwide
interoperability for Microwave Access and known as [Link] was designed for a longer range of
wireless network connections such as to provide internet access to a particular geographic area. It can
be established the range from 39 miles to 6 miles to 30miles. WiMAX technology is a standard based
wireless technology which is used to provide internet access and multimedia services at very high
speed to the end users.
1.6 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Article
Strengths of the Article
Clear Comparative Framework: - The authors use a well-known simulation tool (NS-2) to run
controlled experiments that isolate the impact of the wireless link and MAC design on performance
metrics.
Relevant Evaluation Metrics: - Delay and load are core performance indicators for wireless access
technologies, making the findings meaningful for network planning and academic comparison.
Useful for Technology Selection: - The results offer insights into which technology might be more
suitable for larger networks or heavier data demands.
Weaknesses of the Article
Not a Highly Cited Journal: - The paper is published in Research Publish Journals, which may not
be as rigorously peer-reviewed as major IEEE or ACM conferences/journals. Independent validation
with more robust datasets might strengthen conclusions.
Limited Scenario Range: - Simulation parameters (e.g., number of nodes, mobility, traffic patterns)
are not varied widely; broader scenarios could give more generalized insights.
Focus on Only Two Metrics: - Other metrics like throughput, packet loss, and energy consumption,
important for wireless network evaluation, are not deeply analyzed.
1.7 Conclusion
The reviewed study demonstrates that WiMAX generally outperforms Wi-Fi in wide-area and high-
load network scenarios, due to its connection-oriented MAC design and capability to maintain stable
performance over longer distances. Wi-Fi, however, remains highly effective for local area networks
and indoor high-speed applications, benefiting from simpler deployment and widespread adoption.
These findings align with broader trends in wireless networking, where Wi-Fi continues to evolve
with standards like Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 7, while WiMAX serves niche applications such as rural
broadband and metropolitan access. The comparison highlights the complementary roles of these
technologies: WiMAX is ideal for coverage and reliability, whereas Wi-Fi excels in speed and
convenience for local connectivity. Incorporating both perspectives can guide network engineers and
researchers in designing hybrid or optimized wireless networks for diverse deployment
environments.