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Database System Study Notes

The document provides an overview of database systems, detailing their purpose, levels of data management, and the problems associated with file-based systems. It highlights the benefits of using a Database Management System (DBMS), including reduced redundancy and improved data sharing, while also noting limitations such as high setup costs and system complexity. Additionally, it outlines the functions of a DBMS, the roles of various professionals in database management, and key concepts like data independence and data models.

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tantosbirhanudecember61991
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4 views3 pages

Database System Study Notes

The document provides an overview of database systems, detailing their purpose, levels of data management, and the problems associated with file-based systems. It highlights the benefits of using a Database Management System (DBMS), including reduced redundancy and improved data sharing, while also noting limitations such as high setup costs and system complexity. Additionally, it outlines the functions of a DBMS, the roles of various professionals in database management, and key concepts like data independence and data models.

Uploaded by

tantosbirhanudecember61991
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Database System – Study Notes (Summary from

Uploaded PDF)

1. Introduction to Database Systems

• A database is a collection of related data stored for long-term use and managed by a Database
Management System (DBMS).

• Purpose: organize data, allow multiple users to access it, ensure security, and support decision
making.

2. Levels of Data Management Development

• Manual Approach – data stored on paper files and cabinets.

• Traditional File-Based Approach – each program stores and manages its own files.

• Database Approach – centralized data managed using a DBMS.

3. Problems of File-Based Systems

• Data redundancy (duplicate data)

• Data inconsistency

• Limited data sharing

• Difficult maintenance

• Data dependency on programs

4. Update Anomalies

• Modification anomaly – same data must be updated in many places.

• Deletion anomaly – deleting data may remove useful information.

• Insertion anomaly – difficulty adding new data without other data.

5. Benefits of Database Approach

• Reduced redundancy

• Better data sharing

• Improved security

• Better data quality


• Faster data retrieval

• Centralized data control

6. Limitations of Database Systems

• High cost of setup

• System complexity

• Need skilled professionals

• System failure affects many users

7. Functions of DBMS

• Data storage and retrieval

• Security and authorization

• Concurrency control

• Data integrity management

• Backup and recovery

8. DBMS Languages

• DDL (Data Definition Language): CREATE, ALTER, DROP

• DML (Data Manipulation Language): SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

9. Components of DBMS Environment

• Hardware

• Software

• Data

• Procedures

• People (users and administrators)

10. Database Development Life Cycle

• Planning

• System analysis

• Database design

• Implementation
• Operation and maintenance

11. Roles in Database System

• Database Administrator (DBA) – manages and controls database

• Database Designer – designs database structure

• Application Programmer – writes programs interacting with database

• End Users – people who use the system

12. Three-Level Database Architecture

• External Level – user view

• Conceptual Level – logical database structure

• Internal Level – physical data storage

13. Data Independence

• Logical Data Independence – change logical schema without affecting users

• Physical Data Independence – change storage without affecting logical structure

14. Data Models

• Object-based models

• Record-based models

• Physical models

15. Hierarchical Model

• Uses tree structure (parent–child relationship).

• Advantages: simple and easy to understand.

• Disadvantages: difficult to modify and navigate.

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