ATM question

Unit 1:

[Link] are advantages and disadvantages of product endorsements (chứng thực sản phẩm)

Advantages

• Increased brand awareness as celebrity endorsements attract attention.

• Builds trust and credibility if the endorser aligns with the brand values.

Disadvantages:

• Expensive to hire celebrities.

• Risk of negative publicity if the endorser faces scandals.

• Might fail if the endorsement feels inauthentic.

2. How companies can create brand loyal

• Offer consistent quality and great customer service.

• Introduce loyalty programs with discounts or rewards.

• Create emotional connections through storytelling or brand values.

• Personalize marketing to make customers feel valued.

3. Examples of brand stretching

Successful: Apple moving from computers to phones (iPhone). It maintained its focus on
innovation and quality.

Unsuccessful: Colgate launching frozen meals. It confused customers and clashed with its
image as a toothpaste brand.

4. Cheap or expensive ideas for a product launch

Cheap idea: Use social media campaigns, such as influencer collaborations or viral
challenges, to promote the product with minimal budget.
Expensive idea: Host a large-scale event with live performances, celebrity appearances, and
media coverage.

5. Other market segment•

Age-based: Seniors, teenagers.•

Income-based: Luxury goods for high-income earners, budget options for low-income
groups.

Lifestyle-based: Fitness enthusiasts, eco-conscious consumers.•

Location-based: Urban vs. rural customers.

6. Actions to take when losing market share

•Make research to understand why sales are declining.

• Improve products based on customer feedback.

• Offer competitive pricing or promotions.

• Expand into new markets or adjust marketing strategies.

Unit 3:

1. Business situations that may worry employees

• Mergers: Employees may fear losing their jobs or being downgraded to less powerful
roles.

• Relocation: Moving to a new location, especially abroad, can disrupt personal lives.

• Salary cuts: Keeping a job after a merger but with reduced pay impacts morale.

• Change in work environment: Moving from a private office to an open-plan space

can feel less productive.

• Technology updates: Learning a completely new computer system can be stressful.

[Link] some changes that happen in a company

• Structure: Companies may reorganize departments or centralize decision-making

after a merger.

• Size: Downsizing or expanding staff to fit new business needs.

• Location: Relocating offices or headquarters to reduce costs.• • Language: Adopting
a new official language, like English, for global operations.

• Training: Introducing new training programs to upskill employees.

3. What a company can do to improve its performance

• Develop: Invest in employee training and skill development.

• Launch: Introduce innovative products or services to attract new customers.

• Organize: Streamline workflows and centralize processes for efficiency.

• Regulate: Establish clear policies to maintain consistency and compliance.

• Assess: Conduct regular reviews of employee and company performance.

4. Why companies should change and what they should change

Why:

• To remain competitive in a changing market.

• To adapt to technological advancements.

• To address employee and customer needs.

What to change:

• Products: Update offerings to stay relevant.

• Structure: Adjust hierarchy for better decision-making.

• Training: Equip employees with new skills to handle modern challenges.

5. Why individuals should change and what they should change

Why:

• To remain in a competitive job market.

• To adapt to company requirements, such as learning a new system or language.

• To take on new responsibilities, like leading a team.

What to change:

• Skills: Learn new technologies or improve communication skills.

• Attitude: Stay open to relocation or working in a different environment.

• Work habits: Adapt to new schedules, workflows, or team dynamics.

Unit 4:

1. Would you like to work for a big or small company?

Big company:

• Career growth opportunities

• Higher salary and better benefits

• Job stability and security

• Access to advanced technology and training programs

2. What kind of company would you like to work for?

• Multinational company: Global exposure, cultural diversity,innovative, dynamic, and

fast-growing

3. What kind of company would you not like to work for?

• Poorly managed company: Lack of leadership, unclear direction

• Toxic work environment: Office politics, negative culture

• Low-paying company: No fair compensation or benefits

4. Which department in a company would you like to work in?

• Sales and Marketing: Client interaction, advertising campaigns,creative thinking

5. What are some good qualities of an organization?

• Clear structure: Well-defined roles and responsibilities

• Good work-life balance: Flexible hours, remote work options

• Positive culture: Friendly, inclusive, and motivating environment

6. What are some bad qualities of an organization?

• Micromanagement: Lack of trust in employees

• Poor communication: No clear instructions or updates

• Unfair treatment: Favoritism, discrimination

• No career development: No promotions, no skill development programs

• Toxic work environment: Office politics, bullying, or harassment

7. Would you like to work in a company like Google? Why/Why not?

Yes:• Fun environment: Games rooms, massage chairs, and competitions make work
enjoyable.

• Team building: Events like skiing trips and office parties create a friendly
atmosphere.

• Great perks: Free food, snacks, and celebrations keep employees happy.•
Challenging work: Interesting tasks that encourage problem-solving.

• Flexible work: Employees have control over their schedules and how they
work.

8. Which of the perks or ideas mentioned in the article appeals to you the most?

• Free food: It saves time and money while keeping employees energized.• Fun
activities: Competitions, skiing trips, and team outings make work exciting.

• Flexible work hours: Employees can manage their time better.

• Relaxing workspace: Massage chairs, beanbags, and hammocks create a comfortable

environment.

• Intellectual challenges: Working on interesting tasks keeps the job motivating.

9. Would you prefer to work for a company where the headquarters make the major
decisions or for one in which regional offices are given considerable decision-making power?
• I would prefer to work for a company where the headquarters make major decisions
because it ensures a consistent business strategy, clear company policies, a strong brand
image, and allows experienced leaders to handle important decisions.

10. Describe the most common organizational structure that you know.• Hierarchical
Structure:

• Top level: CEO, Board of Directors• Middle level: Department managers (e.g.,
Sales, Finance, HR)

• Lower level: Team leaders and staff• Other Structures:

• Flat structure: Fewer management levels, open communication

Unit 6:

1. What are common ways to invest money nowadays?

• Stocks and shares: Buying company stocks for potential profit.

• Real estate: Investing in property for rental income or resale.

• Cryptocurrency: Digital currency like Bitcoin for high-risk returns.

• Savings accounts: Low-risk option with regular interest returns.

2. What is the economic situation in Vietnam at the moment?

• Growing economy: Vietnam has a fast-growing economy with strong exports.

• Key industries: Manufacturing, agriculture, and technology are expanding.

• Challenges: Inflation, global economic slowdowns, and supply chain issues affect the
economy.

• Foreign investment: Many international companies are investing in Vietnam.

3. Which parts of the economy are doing well or badly?

Doing well:

• Manufacturing: Strong exports in electronics, textiles, and furniture.• Tourism:

Recovering after the pandemic with more international visitors.• Technology:
Expanding IT and tech startup sector.
Doing badly:

• Agriculture: Affected by climate change and natural disasters.

• Small businesses: Struggling due to competition and rising costs.

• Real estate: Facing challenges due to high property prices and tighter regulations.

Unit 7:
Why is cultural awareness important for businesspeople?

 Helps avoid misunderstandings.

 Builds good relationships with clients.

 Shows respect for other cultures.

 Helps close deals more easily.

 Makes communication more effective.

 Etc.

What factors are important in creating a culture?

 Climate

 Architecture

 Religion

 Geography

 Historical events

 Behaviour and attitudes

 Social customs and traditions

 Ceremonies and festivals

 Language

 Etc.

Do you think cultures are becoming more alike? Is this a good thing or bad thing? Pros (Good
things)

 Easier communication and understanding between people.

 Businesses can work together more smoothly.

  Traveling and living abroad becomes simpler. Cons (Bad things)

 Local traditions and customs may disappear.

 Some cultures may lose their unique identity.

 People may forget their own language or history.

What are some key etiquette rules to follow when exchanging greetings with Vietnamese
businesspeople?

 You must greet the oldest person first.

 You mustn't move to a first-name basis until advised to.

 Use both hands when shaking hands to show respect.

 A slight bow with a handshake is polite.

 Address people by their title and surname.

 Smiling during greetings is common and friendly.

 Etc.

What are some key etiquette rules to follow when entertaining at the home of a Vietnamese
business partner?

 If you cannot accept the invitation, you must offer a very good excuse.

 You should arrive on time.

 You should remove your shoes before entering the house.

 You should bring a small gift

 You should eat well to show you are enjoying the food.

 You don't have to be serious all the time. The Vietnamese have a great sense of
humour. You should be ready to laugh at yourself sometimes.

 Etc.

What are some key etiquette rules to follow when exchanging business cards with
Vietnamese businesspeople?

 You should exchange cards after the initial introduction.

 You should hold the card in both hands when offering it.

 Never write on someone’s card in front of them.

 Present your card with the text facing the recipient.

 Always carry clean and undamaged cards.

 Etc.
Give some tips to foreigners who are going to do business in Vietnam?

 Learn a few Vietnamese greetings to show respect for the culture.

 Always present and receive business cards using both hands.

 Build personal relationships first, as trust is important in Vietnam.

 Be punctual, as arriving late can be seen as disrespectful.

 Dress formally and maintain a professional attitude during meetings.

 Etc.

Unit 9:

1. What are disadvantages (negative views) of international markets?

 Small local businesses often struggle to compete with international companies.

 Increased competition can lead to job losses in less competitive industries.

 Globalization may erode cultural identity and traditional practices.

 Large corporations might exploit cheap labor in developing countries.

 Expanding markets globally can lead to environmental problems due to

overproduction and transportation.

 Etc.

2. What are advantages (positive views) of international markets?

 International markets provide a wider customer base, increasing profits.

 Consumers benefit from a greater variety of products and services from around the
world.

 Global trade stimulates economic growth and strengthens relationships between

countries.

 Companies can expand, create,find new jobs, and bring innovations to different
regions.

 Cross-border trade encourages cultural exchange and understanding between nations.

 Etc.

3. Do you agree that international markets for labor, capital, goods and services increase
competition and improve the choice of goods and services?

Agree:

 More option of products are available to customers.

  Companies compete to offer better prices.

 Consumers get higher-quality goods.

4. Do you agree that international markets for labor, capital, goods and services mean lower
costs and retail prices, which benefit consumers?

Agree:

 Products become cheaper for customers.

 More people can afford good-quality products.

 Companies save money on labor and materials.

5. Do you agree that international markets for labor, capital, goods and services promote
higher standards of living, working conditions, technology, education, etc.?

Agree:

 International markets encourage the spread of modern technology and knowledge.

 Foreign investment creates better job opportunities and improves local economies.

 Access to global education resources enhances skills and literacy levels.

6. Do you agree that international markets for labor, capital, goods and services create
unemployment and lead to job losses in richer countries?

Agree:

 Companies hire cheaper labor in other countries.

 Factories in richer countries close down.

 Many workers lose jobs due to automation.

7. Do you agree that international markets for labor, capital, goods and services exploit
workers in poorer countries?

Disagree:

 It gives people in poor countries jobs opportunities.

 Workers can gain new skills and experience.

 Foreign companies bring better policies and benefits than local employers.

8. Do you agree that international markets for labor, capital, goods and services widen the
gap between rich and poor countries?

Agree:

 Richer nations often dominate global trade, taking most of the profits.
  Developing countries may remain dependent on wealthier economies for aid or
resources.

 Local industries in poor nations face challenges in competing with global corporations.

9. How can a country promote free trade?

 Remove tariffs and taxes on imports.

 Sign trade agreements with other countries.

 Simplify customs procedures.

 Provide financial and technical support to local businesses.

 Etc.

10. How can a country protect its domestic producers from free trade?

 Add tariffs to imported goods.

 Limit the number of foreign products (quotas).

 Give financial support (subsidies) to local businesses.

 Make rules to ensure quality and safety of imports.

 Encourage people to buy local products.

 Etc.

1. Following the merger, the office layout was reorganized to accommodate the new
staff.

o Sau khi sáp nhập, bố trí văn phòng được tổ chức lại để đón nhận nhân viên
mới.

2. One of the side effects of the free food for Google staff is what is known as the
"Google 15 pounds."

o Một trong những tác dụng phụ của việc có thức ăn miễn phí cho nhân viên
Google là điều được biết đến là " Chương trình 15 cân của Google."

3. Another part of Google's objective is to make its workplace feel fun; massage chairs,
table tennis tables, video games, lava lamps, hammocks, beanbags, bicycles, large
submit bowls, couches, and scooters are all parts of the furniture in Google's office.

o Một phần khác của mục tiêu của Google là làm cho nơi làm việc của nó trở nên
vui vẻ; ghế massage, bàn bóng bàn, trò chơi điện tử, đèn dung nham, võng,
ghế beanbag, xe đạp, bát đựng lớn, ghế dài và xe tay ga đều là một phần của
nội thất trong văn phòng của Google.
4. Fostering this intellectual activity is a policy giving employees a large degree of
independence in deciding how to work.

o Khuyến khích hoạt động trí tuệ này là chính sách trao cho nhân viên mức độ
độc lập lớn trong việc quyết định cách làm việc.

5. It's not easy managing investments of any size for the high-powered trading
machine.

o Không dễ dàng để quản lý các khoản đầu tư với bất kỳ quy mô nào cho máy
giao dịch mạnh mẽ này.

6. Yet despite these physical limitations, Prior is thriving on Goldman's trading desk
admire the admiration of colleagues.

o Tuy nhiên, mặc dù có những hạn chế về thể chất này, Prior vẫn đang phát triển
tại bàn giao dịch của Goldman trong sự ngưỡng mộ của đồng nghiệp.

7. Prior is free to invest in almost any business sector, but recently narrowed his focus
to just 20 companies because of the extreme volatility in the markets.

o Prior tự do đầu tư vào hầu hết các lĩnh vực kinh doanh, nhưng gần đây đã thu
hẹp tập trung của mình chỉ vào 20 công ty vì sự biến động cực đoan của thị
trường.

8. Colleagues from different countries might share similar professional knowledge and
still within a single international organization, but their ways of working, social skills,
body language, and ways of doing business are likely to be completely different.

o Đồng nghiệp từ các quốc gia khác nhau có thể chia sẻ kiến thức chuyên môn
tương tự và vẫn nằm trong một tổ chức quốc tế duy nhất, nhưng cách làm
việc, kỹ năng xã hội, ngôn ngữ cơ thể và cách kinh doanh của họ có khả năng
hoàn toàn khác nhau.

9. They may have different patterns of behavior, which need to be understood and
appreciated in order for everyone to work together successfully.

o Họ có thể có những kiểu hành vi khác nhau, cần được hiểu và đánh giá cao để
mọi người có thể làm việc cùng nhau một cách thành công.

10. The Standard Bank Group operates in 38 different countries and its London office
alone has 56 nationalities.

 Tập đoàn Ngân hàng Standard hoạt động tại 38 quốc gia khác nhau và văn phòng
London của nó có 56 quốc tịch.

11. Cultural awareness is much more than simply knowing about a country's history and
geography.

 Nhận thức về văn hóa là nhiều hơn đơn giản chỉ biết về lịch sử và địa lý của một quốc
gia.
12. It is increasingly common for multinational businesses to send employees on
international assignments, but without the right cross-cultural skills, they will often
struggle.

 Ngày càng phổ biến cho các doanh nghiệp đa quốc gia cử nhân viên đi công tác quốc
tế, nhưng nếu không có kỹ năng giao văn hóa phù hợp, họ sẽ thường gặp khó khăn.

13. In my opinion, appearance is not so important.

 Theo tôi, ngoại hình không quan trọng lắm.

14. Chinese-made goods have been extremely popular in recent years with US
customers looking for low prices.

 Hàng hóa sản xuất tại Trung Quốc đã trở nên vô cùng phổ biến trong những năm gần
đây với khách hàng Mỹ tìm kiếm giá thấp.

15. Social customs and traditions, festivals, and religions play a very important role in
creating a culture.

 Các tập quán và truyền thống xã hội, các lễ hội và tôn giáo đóng một vai trò rất quan
trọng trong việc tạo nên một nền văn hóa.

16. Global companies should not underestimate the influence of culture on employees
working abroad.

 Các công ty toàn cầu không nên đánh giá thấp ảnh hưởng của văn hóa đối với nhân
viên đang làm việc ở nước ngoài.

17. You need to understand the ideas that make up a culture in order to work effectively
and optimize teamwork.

 Bạn cần phải hiểu các ý tưởng cấu thành nên một nền văn hóa để làm việc hiệu quả và
tối ưu hóa công việc nhóm.

18. In the UK, you must pay taxes on the profits you earn.

 Ở Anh, bạn phải trả thuế trên các khoản lợi nhuận mà bạn kiếm được.

19. We offer you many promotions if you pay in cash.

 Chúng tôi cung cấp cho bạn nhiều khuyến mãi nếu bạn trả bằng tiền mặt.

20. In the research and development department, everyone researches and develops
new products.

 Ở phòng nghiên cứu và phát triển, mọi người nghiên cứu và phát triển sản phẩm mới.

21. Despite the increasing prices, we continue to accept and grow.

 Mặc dù giá cả tăng, chúng tôi vẫn tiếp tục chấp nhận và phát triển.

22. The nature of work at Google is very challenging, and this policy allows our
employees to work with a high degree of independence.
 Bản chất công việc ở Google là rất nhiều thử thách, và chính sách này cho phép nhân
viên của chúng tôi làm việc với mức độ độc lập cao.

23. The human resources department is responsible for recruiting for the company.

 Bộ phận nhân sự chịu trách nhiệm tuyển dụng cho công ty.

24. The U.S. economy is stagnating, but the trade deficit with China continues to
increase.

 Nền kinh tế Mỹ đang trì trệ, nhưng sự thâm hụt thương mại với Trung Quốc vẫn tăng.