BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT
An Introduction
PROGRAM OF INSTRUCTION
Day 1 : Class room Instruction
Orientation
Familiarization
Lectures Basic Life Support
-CPR
-AR
-Airway Obstruction Management
Day 2 : Classroom Instruction
Practical exercises on BLS
Day 3 : Classroom Instruction
Shock
Wound Management
Fractures and Dislocation Management
Heat Illnesses
Practical Exercises
Day 4 : Field Instruction
Patient Packaging
Spine Board Management
Day 5 : Field Evaluation/Practical Examination
Mock Drill
Principle of the
“Good Samaritan Law”
• Identify yourself
• Get permission
* if the victim is conscious, “Ask” for
consent.
* Implied Consent – If the patient is
unconscious and or cannot decide or
Stand on his/her self
• Use reasonable skill and care
• Do not abandon or leave the patient
Chain of Survival
1. Early 2. Early
Recognition Access
3. Early
CPR/AR
Before Approaching the
Patient
- Survey the scene -
• S – stop
• E – environment
• T – traffic
• U – unknown hazard
• P – Protect self and patient (barriers)
The ABC’s of life
A Airway
B Breathing
C Circulation
D De Neuro
E Expose
F Freezing / Shock
G Get Vital Signs
H History taking
I Investigate
J Jot down or Take notes
K Keep an eye on the pt.
L Lift or Transport
9 Techniques
1 Check for unresponsiveness
2 Shout for “Help”
3 Position the patient if necessary (supine on flat
dry ground)
4 Open Airway by using
- the Head Tilt Chin Lift maneuver or Jaw Thrust Maneuver
5 Check for breathing for 5 seconds.
- “If breathless, give two initial ventilation”
6 Check for pulse for 10 seconds.
7 Activate Emergency Medical Assistance
/transport facilities
8 Do necessary management (CPR/AR)
9 Re-assess “A,B,C” at the same time for 10 sec.
Check for Unresponsiveness
Head Tilt Chin Lift Maneuver
If Negative Breathing Give 2 Initial
Ventilatory Maneuvers
Check for pulse for 10 seconds
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR)
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Heart Lungs Revive
Anatomy of the Heart
Cycle of Blood Flow
Throughout the Body
Anatomy of the Heart
Right
Atria
Right & Left
Left Atria
Atria
contract
together
Anatomy of the Heart
Contraction
of atria fills
ventricles.
Ventricular
contraction
Left
pumps blood
Ventricle
into
pulmonary &
systemic Right
circulation Ventricle
Anatomy of the Heart
To To
RIGHT LEFT
Lung Lung
Right Ventricle
pumps blood into
Pulmonary
Arteries (to lungs)
In the lungs…Blood travels through the…
Pulmonary Arteries
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillary Beds Alveolar-
surround each Capillaries Capillary
respiration
alveoli
Venules
Veins
Oxygenated
Pulmonary Veins blood back to
the heart
Anatomy of the Heart
Blood returns
to the Left
Atria via the
Pulmonary
Veins
And is pumped
from the atria
to the Left
Ventricle
Anatomy of the Heart
When the
ventricles Blood from
contract…as the LEFT
blood from Ventricle is
RIGHT Ventricle pumped into
is pumped into the aorta…
the Pulmonary And
Arteries… throughout
the body.
From the AORTA blood flows
to… Aorta Coronary Ateries
Arteries Heart Muscle
& conduction
Arterioles system
Capillary- Capillary beds
cellular Capillaries surround the
respiration body’s cells
Venules
Veins
Inferior and Superior Vena Cava
Anatomy of the Heart
Superior
Vena Cava
Return de-
oxygenated blood to
the Right Atria, to
begin the cycle again
Inferior Vena
Cava
Anatomy of the Heart
Vena Cava
Right Atria
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Arteries Gas Exchange…
Alveolar-Capillary
Pulmonary Ciculation
Arteries, Arterioles respiration
Capillaries
Venues, Veins
Anatomy of the Heart
Vena Cava Left Atria
Right Atria Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle Aorta
Coronary
Pulmonary Arteries Arteries Arteries
Pulmonary Ciculation Systemic Ciculation
Arteries, Arterioles Arterioles
Capillaries Capillaries
Venues, Veins Venues, Veins
Pulmonary Veins
Anatomy of the Heart
Left Atria
Left Ventricle
Aorta
Coronary
Gas Exchange Arteries Arteries
Capillary- Systemic Ciculation
Cellular Arterioles
Respiration Capillaries
Venues, Veins
Anatomy of the Heart
Vena Cava Left Atria
Right Atria Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle Aorta
Coronary
Pulmonary Arteries Arteries Arteries
Pulmonary Ciculation Systemic Ciculation
Arteries, Arterioles Arterioles
Capillaries Capillaries
Venues, Veins Venues, Veins
Pulmonary Veins Vena Cava
Cycle Begins Again
Reviewing the Circulation Cycle…
Vena Cava
Anatomy of the Heart
Vena Cava
Right Atria
Anatomy of the Heart
Vena Cava
Right Atria
Right Ventricle
Anatomy of the Heart
Vena Cava
Right Atria
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Arteries
Anatomy of the Heart
Vena Cava
Right Atria
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Ciculation
Arteries, Arterioles
Capillaries
Venues, Veins
Anatomy of the Heart
Vena Cava
Right Atria
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Arteries Gas Exchange…
Alveolar-Capillary
Pulmonary Ciculation
Arteries, Arterioles respiration
Capillaries
Venues, Veins
Anatomy of the Heart
Vena Cava
Right Atria
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Ciculation
Arteries, Arterioles
Capillaries
Venues, Veins
Pulmonary Veins
Anatomy of the Heart
Vena Cava Left Atria
Right Atria Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle Aorta
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Ciculation
Arteries, Arterioles
Capillaries
Venues, Veins
Pulmonary Veins
Circulatory Anatomy
Capillaries
• Tiny blood vessels that connect arterioles
to veinules…only one-cell layer thick (to
allow gas, nutrient, and waste exchange)
Circulatory Anatomy
Vein Artery
Valve
Venules
Arterioles
Capillary bed
Circulatory Anatomy
Major Arteries of Circulation
Major arteries where a PULSE may be palpated
• Aorta • Pulmonary Arteries
• Coronary Arteries • Femoral Arteries
• Carotid Arteries • Posterial Tibial
• Brachial Arteries Arteries
• Radial Arteries • Dorsalis Pedis Ateries
Carotid Brachial
• When the Left
Ventricle contracts,
Radial
a wave of pressure
is transmitted
through the arteries
that may be
palpated as the Femoral
pulse.
Dorsalis
pedis