PROGRAMMING QUESTIONS
1. Write a program to calculate the mean of an array of integers.
Iteration (i) Input Value Action Performed Running Sum
i=0 10 sum = 0 + 10 10
i=1 20 sum = 10 + 20 30
i=2 30 sum = 30 + 30 60
i=3 40 sum = 60 + 40 100
i=4 50 sum = 100 + 50 150
2. Write a C program to concatenate two strings without using inbuilt
function.
Step-by-Step Logic
Let’s assume:
str1 = "Hello"
str2 = "World"
Step 1: Find end of str1
str1 = H e l l o \0
Indexes: 0 1 2 3 4 5
i = 0 → str1[i] = 'H'
i = 1 → str1[i] = 'e'
i = 2 → str1[i] = 'l'
i = 3 → str1[i] = 'l'
i = 4 → str1[i] = 'o'
i = 5 → str1[i] = '\0' → STOP
Now i = 5, which is the index after 'o'.
Step 2: Copy str2 into str1
str2 = W o r l d \0
Indexes: 0 1 2 3 4 5
j str2[j] Assigned str1[i] New New j
to i
0 W str1[5] = W W 6 1
1 o str1[6] = o o 7 2
2 r str1[7] = r r 8 3
3 l str1[8] = l l 9 4
4 d str1[9] = d d 10 5
5 '\0' STOP
Finally add:
str1[10] = '\0'
Final Result
HelloWorld
Sample Output
Enter first string: Hello
Enter second string: World
Concatenated String: HelloWorld
6. Write a program to concatenate two strings using library functions.
3. Write a C program to store temperature of two cities of a week and
display it using 2D array.
How It Works
2D array declaration
temp[2][7]
2 rows → City 1, City 2
7 columns → Day 1 to Day 7
Example Input
Enter temperatures for City 1:
Day 1: 30
Day 2: 31
Day 3: 29
Day 4: 32
Day 5: 30
Day 6: 28
Day 7: 27
Enter temperatures for City 2:
Day 1: 25
Day 2: 26
Day 3: 27
Day 4: 28
Day 5: 29
Day 6: 30
Day 7: 31
Example Output
--- Temperature of Two Cities (Week Data) ---
City 1: 30 31 29 32 30 28 27
City 2: 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
4. Write a program to calculate the length of a string without using in-built
functions.
How It Works
Step-by-step logic
A string ends with a null character '\0'.
We keep checking characters one-by-one.
As long as the character is NOT '\0', we increase the counter.
Example:
Input:
Hello
Iteration:
i str[i length
]
0 H 1
1 e 2
2 l 3
3 l 4
4 o 5
5 \0 stop
Output:
Length of the string = 5
4. Write a program to compare two strings using library functions.
How strcmp() Works
strcmp(str1, str2) returns:
0 → both strings are equal
> 0 → str1 is greater (alphabetically comes later)
< 0 → str1 is smaller
Example Output
Enter first string: apple
Enter second string: banana
String 1 is smaller than String 2.
7. Write a program to check if the given string is palindrome or not.
Palindrome Example: "madam"
Initial values
start = 0
end = 4 (because length = 5)
Iteration Table
Step start str[start end str[end Comparison Result Updated Updated
] ] start end
1 0 m 4 m m == m Match 1 3
2 1 a 3 a a == a Match 2 2
3 stop — — — — Loop — —
(start ends
>=
end)
Final Result
✔ All characters matched → Palindrome
The string is a palindrome.
8. Write a C program to count number of vowels, digits, spaces, consonants &
alphabets in a given string.
What is fgets()?
fgets() is a C library function used to read a string, including spaces, from an input stream
(like keyboard or file).
It is safer than gets() and more powerful than scanf("%s").
Syntax
fgets(destination_string, max_size, input_stream);
Meaning of Parameters:
Parameter Meaning
destination_string The array where the input will be stored
max_size Maximum characters to read (including \0)
input_stream Where to read from (example: stdin for keyboard input)
9. Write a program in C to calculate mean, median, and mode of any given
array.
10. Write code to perform transpose of a matrix without using another
matrix.
11. Write a program to multiply two matrices (2D arrays) in C.