PROJECT WORK.

TITLE: DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS IN URBAN AREAS.

SUB TITLE: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DRUG ABUSE AMONG URBAN YOUTHS: A CASE STUDY
(CITY/COUNTY).

NAME: RAMADHAN ASIA DOKOTA,

ADM NO: SSC-FI-3-4668-25,

INSITITUTION: GRESTA UNIVERSITY,

COURSE: DIPLOMA IN SOCIAL WORK & COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT,

SUPERVISOR: __________________________________________________

DATE OFSUBMISSION: __________________________________________

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.

CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION/ RESULTS/ ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION/ FINDING.

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION.

CHAPTER 7: RECOMMENDATIONS.

CHAPTER 8: REFERENCES.

CHAPTER 9: APPENDICES.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.

Background of the study.

Drug abuse youths is a growing social problem in urban areas worldwide. In cities,
youths are exposed to various risk factors including peer pressure,
unemployment, poverty and easy access to substances. Drug abuse has negative
consequences; such as poor academic performance, criminal behaviour, health
problems and family conflicts. This study focuses on understanding the factors
contributing to drug abuse among youths in urban areas to provide
recommendations for interventions.

Drug abuse among youths a major social health and economic challenge in many
urban areas globally. The term ‘drug abuse’ refers to the harmful or hazardous
use of psychoactive substances including alcohol, tobacco, prescription drugs and
illegal substances such as cannabis heroin and cocaine.

Urban areas are particularly vulnerable to youth drug abuse due to several
factors;

I. High population density.

II. Social diversity.
III. Expose to peer influence and easy access to drugs and alcohol.
IV. Youths in cities often expose to crime- which can make them more likely to
engage in substance abuse as a copying mechanism.

Research indicates that drug abuse during adolescence and early adulthood can
lead to multiple negative outcomes including; health complications, poor
academic performance, risky sexual behaviours, social deviance and involvement
in criminal activities. The urban environment often amplifies these risks due to
availability of illicit substances, nightlife culture and reduced family and
community supervision.

In Kenya and other developing countries, the issue of youth drug abuse has
gained attention from both government and non-governmental organizations.
The National Authority for the campaign Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse
(NACADA) reports that urban youth are among the most affected groups,
highlighting the need for prevention, education and rehabilitation programs.
Social workers and community development practitioners play a critical role in
addressing the problem through awareness campaigns, counselling and youth
empowerment initiatives.
Overall, understanding the background of drug abuse among is essential for
designing effective interventions and policies reducing substances abuse and
promoting healthy social development

1.2 problem statement

Despite government campaigns and community interventions, drug abuse youths

in urban areas remains high. Many youths towns and cities engage in alcohol,
marijuana and other substances abuse leading to crime, school dropout and poor
health. Social workers need to understand the causes to develop effective
prevention rehabilitation strategies.

Drug abuse among youth urban areas has become a growing social, health and
economic concern. Despite various awareness campaigns and governmental
interventions, many people continue to engage in the use of alcohol, tobacco,
cannabis and other illicit substances. This persistence problem has led to negative
consequences including poor academic performance, health complications,
increased crime rate, unemployment and social instability.

Several factors are believed to contribute to youth drug abuse in urban areas,
including peer pressure, unemployment, family breakdown, media influence and
easy availability of drugs. However there is limited research that explores how
these factors specifically affect youths in urban setting and how they interact to
influence substance use.

The lack of comprehensive understanding hinders the development of targeted

interventions that could prevent drug abuse and support rehabilitations.
Therefore this study seeks to investigate the factors contributing to drug abuse
among youth in urban areas with the aim of providing evidence-based
recommendations for social workers policy makers and community stakeholders
to reduce substance abuse and its associated social problems.

1.3 Research Questions

[Link] are the commonly abused drugs among youths in urban areas?

[Link] does drug abuse effect academic performance among youths?

[Link] do peer pressure ,unemployment and urban lifestyle influence drug use
among youths?

[Link] strategies can be used to reduce drug abuse among youths in urban
areas?

[Link] are the major factors ,contributing to drug abuse among youths in urban
areas?

[Link] roles do families, schools ,communities and law enforcement play in

preventing drug abuse?

[Link] are social ,health ,economic and behavioural effects of drug abuse on
youths?

1.4 Objective of the study

[Link] Objective

i)To investigate the causes extent and effect of drug abuse among youths in urban
areas and to identify effective strategies for prevention and control.

ii)To identify the major types of drugs abused by youths in urban settings ,shows
which substances pose the greatest risk.

iii)To assess the factors contributing to drugs abuse among urban youths, helps
understand root caused ,social, economic, psychological.

iv)To evaluate the role of family, peers and community influencing youth
involvement in drug abuse-shows how the environment shapes behaviours.

v)To assess the effectiveness of existing intervention and prevention strategies

targeting youth drug abuse.

Help determine what is working or not

1.5 Sampling Technique

i)To determine the prevalence of drug abuse among youths in urban areas. By
assessing the proportion of young people who engage in the use of various
substances.

ii)To identify the most commonly abused among urban youhs. need to use clear
research methods that help you collect accurate information.

iii)To assess the effects of drug abuse on the academic performance, behaviour
and health of youth by examining changes in school attendance, grades ,discipline
records ,risk-taking behaviours and physical or mental health outcomes.

iv)To analyse the role of family,peers and community in shaping youth

envolvement in drugs abuse.

Parental supervision /monitoring ,peer pressure(self- report scale) time spent

with peers community factors school environment there is bullying of the
students and support by their teacher.

1.5 Sampling Technique

i)To ensure the sample is representative the study will use a combination of
probability and non probability sampling technique.

ii) To access the effects of drugs abuse on youths well-being ( physical, social
academic psychological) sampling technique purposive sampling. Focuses on
youths with a history of drug use teaches health workers or counsellors who can
give accurate information about effects.

iii) To explore the role of parents schools and community organizations in

prevention.

 Selects parents, teachers, NGO workers and community leaders directly

involved in drug- prevention activities.

iv) To suggest possible intervention and prevention strategies.

 They provide expert recommendations for solutions.

v) To examine factors contributing to drug abuse among youths.

  Stratified sampling to understand factors across different subgroups.

Chapter two

Literature review.

2.1 introduction

This chapter reviews existing literature related to drug abuse among youths in
urban areas. The review is organized into key themes such as conceptual issues,
types of drugs commonly abused causes, effects, theoretical frameworks and
prevention strategies. The literature is drawn from books, journals, reports and
previous research studies.

2.2 Conceptual Review.

2.2.1 Concept of Drug Abuse.

Drug abuse refers to the misuse of legal or illegal substances in a way that is
harmful to the users physical mental or social well-being. According to Scholars
drug abuse involves excessive and in appropriate consumption of substances such
as alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, tramadol or prescription pills. Among youths drug
abuse is often linked to experimentation, peer influence and exposure to urban
lifestyles.

2.2.2 youth and urban environment

Youths (typically ages 13-25) living in urban areas often face unique challenges
such as overcrowding, unemployment, poverty and increased exposure to drug
markets. Urban centres provide both the supply and social networks that
promote drug experimentation.

2.3 Types of Drugs Commonly Abused By Youths.

Several studies have documented the substances frequently abused by urban

youths common drugs include:
  Cannabis (marijuana)- widely used due to accessibility
 Alcohol- culturally tolerated but often misused.
 Cocaine and heroin- more common in densely populated urban
slums.
 Prescription drugs such as tramadol codeine and diazepam.
 Tobacco and nicotine-based products like vale pens.

2.4 Causes of Drugs Abuse Among Youths.

2.4.1 Peer pressure.

Peer influence is one of the strongest predictors of youth involvement in

drug use.
Young people tend to imitate friends or join groups where drug-taking is
considered fashionable or sign of maturity.

2.4.2 Family Background and Parenting Style.

Research shows that parental negligence poor supervision, domestics’
conflict or parental drug use increases the chances of substance abuse
among young people.

2.4.3 Socioeconomic Factors

Urban poverty, unemployment and lack of recreational facilities encourage
youths to seek escape through drugs. Many youths in urban centres report
turning to drugs out of frustration or as a copying mechanism.

2.4.4 Media and popular culture.

Exposure to movies music and social media content that glamorizes drug
use influences youth behaviour and normalizes risky habits.

2.4.5 Easy availability of drugs.

Urban areas often serve as distribution points making drugs readily
accessible in schools, clubs and neighbourhoods.
2.5 Effects of Drug Abuse on Youths.
2.5.1 Health Effects.
Drug abuse leads to mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, psychosis
and memory loss physical effects include organ