1. Peter Drunker classifies tasks of managers into 5 main tasks ?

→ planning, organizing, integrating, measuring performance, developing people

2. Peter Drunker, what do managers have to do in the task of integrating ?
→ - practice the social skills of motivation and communication
 communicate objectives
 make decision about pay and promotion
 organize and supervise works of subordinates
3. According to Theory X, why do employees have to be closely controlled ?
→ Because they are lazy and will avoid work and responsibility if they can
4. According to Theory Y, why should employers give their workers responsibilities
?
→ Because they have a psychological need to work
5. Why did Maslow criticize Theory Y ?
→ Because there are many people who are not looking for responsibility and
achievement at work
6. What should be done to try to motivate subordinates who did not want to take
responsibilities at work ?
→ They should be both threatened and rewarded with incentives.
7. What should be done to try to motivate subordinates who had uninteresting,
repetitive work?
→ - give them some responsibilities as part of a team
 encourage job rotation
8. According to Herzberg’s Theory, what are satisfiers ? What are motivators ?
→ - Satisfiers: good labour relations, good working conditions, job security, good
wages and benefits (hygiene factors)
 Motivators: challenging and interesting jobs, recognition and responsibility,
promotion and so on.
9. How the need of “self-actualization” can be achieved ? Would it be possible that
the higher order need of the “hierarchy of needs” be pursued before all the low-
order needs to be achieved ?
→ Self-actualization can be pursued if basic needs are satisfied. Because of that, it would
be impossible to obtain higher order need before low order need according to Maslow’s
theory
10. What is the criticism of Theory Y ?
→ There will always be people with little self-discipline, who need security and
certainty and protection against the burden of responsibility → impossible to simply
replace theory X by theory Y
11. What is the main advantage of a chain of command ?
→ Know what decision to make + who to give instruction to + who to report to
12. Why is it not usually possible to organize a large organization in a single
hierarchy ?
→ Their activities are too complicated
 13. What company structure is often adopted by large manufacturing companies or
organizations ?
→ Functional structure
14. In what ways can dividing a business functionally cause problems ?
→ People are often concerned with the success of their own department than that of the
company as a whole → conflicts
15. What factors might lead companies to flatten their hierarchies ?
→ The desire to save money + make decisions making easier; the use of IT systems; the
need to reduce cost during recession
16. According to the text, what kind of managers might not want to delegate
decision making?
→ The owners of small businesses, because they want to control as much as possible
17. What is the potential disadvantage of matrix management systems?
→ They can become quite complex, making decisions making difficult
18. Under what circumstances might teams not be effective ?
→ If they do not have a strong leader, and need to make a lot of decisions
19. Why is it important for a company to be aware of the local culture ?
→ Because local cultural habits, beliefs and principles can easily affect the performance
of their business in each country
20. Describe people from linear active culture
→ Cool, factual, decisive planners
21. Describe people from reactive culture
→ Courteous, amiable, accommodating, good listener
22. What are the differences between individualists and collectivists ?
→ An individualist is someone who believes that personal goals, objectives, and interest
are more important than those of a group of people; a collectivist is someone who
believes in the importance of a group of people rather than separate individualists
23. Who is more likely to think: “I’ll let them speak first.”
→ People in reactive culture
24. Who is more likely to say about other people: “They can’t be trusted because
they will always help their friends or family” - universalists or particularists ?
→ Universalists
25. Who is more likely to say: “Oh you can’t trust them; they wouldn’t even help a
friend.”
→ Particularists
26. What industries are included in the secondary sector of the economy ?
→ Manufacturing industry
27. What are key benefits of outsourcing and global supply chains ?
→ key benefits include:
- Economic Growth and Development
- Cost Efficiency and Competitiveness
- Knowledge and Technology Transfer
- Specialization and Focus
- Collaboration and Interconnectedness
28. What is total quality management (TQM)
→ Total quality management is a structured approach to overall organizational
management designed to improve the production quality of goods and services.
29. Explain the capacities and inventories
→ Capacity represents the maximum output a production system can achieve, while
inventory refers to the stock of goods or materials held during the production process.
Efficient management of capacity and inventory is key to optimizing production
efficiency, meeting customer demand, and balancing costs.
30. What is push and pull strategy ?
→ Push is working through intermediaries to get to customers, pull is advertising to
customers to get them to go to the intermediaries.
31. What is an inventory management approach?
Just-in-time (JIT): An inventory-management approach in which supplies arrive just
when needed for production or resale
32. What is economy of scales ?
→ the cost savings arising from large-scale production
33. Procurement, agile, obsolescent
34. Lead time, disruptive technology, economy of scales
35. B, D, C
1. When faced with conflicting priorities, business leaders must make difficult decisions
that involve …. in order to balance competing objectives and achieve overall
organizational goals.
A. Compromise
B. Trade-off
C. Agreement
D. Discussion
2. Good loaders will display dedication to their work and self-.... in the way they
approach it, as well as a total belief in what they are doing.
A. Power
B. Resolution
C. Ambition
D. Discipline
3. Some cultures view … as the precursor to a signed contract but others regard
them as a way of establishing the relationship first, with the deal following later.
A. Discussions
B. Gifts
C. Negotiations
D. Debates
36. C, B, A
1. According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which of the following factors is
considered a hygiene factor?
A. Recognition and achievement
 B. Responsibility and growth opportunities
C. Salary and benefits
D. Challenging work assignments
2. In collectivist cultures, decision-making is typically?
A. Centralized and authoritarian
B. Consensus-based and participatory
C. Individualistic and independent
D. Competitive and market-driven
3. Effective teamwork requires individuals to be open to ………., collaboration and
encourages the integration of diverse perspectives and ___ outcomes
A. Compromise
B. Trade-off
C. Agreement
D. discussions
37. C, B, D
1. А … is a company that is not the leading company in a particular market but that
chooses to keep its position rather than competing in a forceful way to increase its share
of the market.
A. market leader
B. market challenger
C. market follower
D. niche market
2. In collectivist cultures, decision-making is typically:
A. Centralized and authoritarian
B. Consensus-based and participatory
C. Individualistic and independent
D. Competitive and market-driven
3. Which marketing strategy that starts with higher prices for early adopters of unique
products and services and then lowers prices later to sell to a broader base of consumers
when competitors enter the market
A. Market segmentation
B. Market penetration
C. Market adaptation
D. Market skimming
38. A, B, D
What are the consequences of insufficient capacity ? There are more than 1 answer
A. A long lead time may allow competitors to enter the market
B. Customers may go to other suppliers
C. The working environment might get worse
D. Lost sales, business opportunities and market shares
E. You might be forced to produce additional less profitable products
39. Fill in the blanks with ONE adjective
 1. Implementing lean principles and practices can help businesses streamline their
operations, eliminate waste, and improve efficiency, ultimately leading to cost
savings and increased profitability.
2. Lean management focuses on continuous improvement, empowering employees
to identify and eliminate non-value-added activities, and fostering a culture of
innovation and efficiency within the organization.
3. Adopting a lean mindset enables businesses to optimize their processes, enhance
customer satisfaction, and stay agile in a competitive market by delivering
products and services with minimal waste and maximum value.
4. The lean Startup is a book that teaches how to create and manage startups by
using lean principles and agile development

UNIT 1: MANAGEMENT
 Peter Drunker → 5 tasks of a manager:
 Planning: setting objectives
 Organizing
 Integrating: motivating and communicating
 Measuring performance
 Developing people