BASIC SELF CONTAINED
BREATHING APPARATUS
SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus)
Alat pelindung pernafasan pribadi
Oleh :
Rachmad Budianto, ST
KOMPOSISI UDARA DIHIRUP DIHEMBUSKAN
21% Oxygen 17%
0,04% Carbon dioxide 4,04%
78 % Nitrogen 78 %
0,96% Noble gases 0,96%
Inhalation Exhalation
PARTIKEL BERBAHAYA
Aerosols Gases and vapours
Dust Gas
gaseous
solid particles
substances
Mist Vapour
gaseous, but
liquid aerosol
at 20 °C, 1 bar
liquid or solid
Fume
aerosols
generated
by combustion
PENYAKIT AKIBAT KERJA
Dust diseases
Silicosis
Asbestosis
Occupational asthma
Allergy
Cancer
SYARAT PENGGUNA SCBA
FISIK MEDIS MENTAL
TANGKAS SEHAT SYARAF Pelatihan yang tepat
untuk penggunaan SCBA
KONDISI SEHAT SEHAT OTOT Percaya pada diri sendiri
dan peralatan
KEBUGARAN TUBUH SEHAT JANTUNG Emosi Stabil
TERJAGA
PERNAFASAN BAIK Tidak Fobi Ruangan
tertutup dan fobi lainnya
JENIS ALAT PELINDUNG PERNAFASAN
1. Purifying respirator
Orang yang memakai alat ini, udara
pernafasannya diambil dari hasil proses
pemurnian udara lingkungan yang
terkontaminasi.
Cara kerja alat ini dibagi tiga :
[Link] kimia / chemical
[Link] mekanik / mechanical
[Link] / combination
JENIS ALAT PELINDUNG PERNAFASAN
2. Supplying Respirator
Orang yang memakai alat ini udara
pernafasannya disuplai dari luar sehingga
relatif tidak terpengaruh oleh kondisi
udara lingkungan yang dihadapi.
Jenis ini ada dua type :
a. Air line
b. SCBA ( self contained breathing
apparatus )
JENIS SCBA
• SCBA terbuka (Open-circuit
SCBA)
– Menggunakan udara
kempaan/ mampat
– Udara yang
dihembuskan dilepas
keluar sistem
JENIS SCBA
• SCBA tertutup (Closed-
circuit SCBA)
– Menggunakan
oksigen cair atau
oksigen kempaan/
mampat.
– Udara yang
dihembuskan tetap
berada dalam sistem
untuk digunakan
kembali
KETERBATASAN MENGGUNAKAN SCBA
1. Keterbatasan proteksi
2. Keterbatasan pandangan
3. Mengurangi kemampuan
berkomunikasi
4. Menambah beban
5. Keterbatasan persediaan
udara
6. Mengurangi mobilitas
(perlengkapan tidak
praktis)
KETERBATASAN PERSEDIAAN UDARA SCBA
Durasi persediaan udara dipengaruhi
oleh :
1. Kondisi fisik pengguna Kerja ringan
2. Tingkat pengerahan tenaga, Kurang lebih 30 menit
3. Kestabilan emosi pengguna
4. Kondisi perlengkapan, Kerja berat
Kurang lebih 20 menit
5. Tekanan silinder sebelum
digunakan, dan
6. Pelatihan dan pengalaman
pengguna,
BAGIAN-BAGIAN SCBA
Cylinder Strap
Full Face Mask
Pressure Gauge
Lung Demand
Valve
Harness
Fisrt Stage
Carbon Composite
Pressure Reducer
Backplate
Cylinders
CYLINDER
FUNGSI BAGIAN
Reducer Lung
Demand
Valve
• medium pressure air reduced
• high pressure air reduced from further to slightly over 1 bar
300 bar to 6-9 bar
• maintains positive pressure
• functions with both 200 & 300 inside mask during breathing
bar inlet pressure cycle
• safety pressure relief valve
incorporated
FUNGSI BAGIAN
Pressure Warning
Gauge Whistle
• alarm activates when cylinder
• indicates remaining air in pressure reaches preset level
cylinder • provides safety margin of approx.
10 minutes
• luminous gauge dial • whistle activation unit located
calibrated in “Bar” within reducer
FUNGSI BAGIAN
Face Mask
• plug-in port allows easy connection
to LDV
• double reflex seal offers better
face-fit
• inner mask prevents CO2 buildup
• airflow across inner side of visor
provides demisting function
• balanced pressure inside facepiece
between 0.5mbar to 4.5mbar
FUNGSI BAGIAN
Cylinder
• air supply source
• available in various materials such
as steel or carbon composite
• 200 or 300 bar operating pressure
• Different cylinder sizes available:
– e.g. 6, 6.8 and 9 liters
• Standards
– Steel cylinders - BS5045
– Composite cylinders: HSE-AL-
FW2
Carbon Composite Cylinder
M18 x 1.5
PARALLEL SMOOTH SURFACE
THREAD FINISH
GLASS FIBRE/ CARBON FIBRE/ ALUMINIUM RADIUS
EPOXY RESIN EPOXY RESIN LINER PROFILE
OUTER LAYER COMPOSITE
Working Duration
Working Duration
Example: for 6 liter/200 bar cylinder
Total air capacity = Cylinder capacity x Cylinder
pressure
= 6 x 200
= 1200 liters of air
Total duration of = Total air capacity / Average
consumption
cylinder = 1200 / 40
= 30 mins
Working Duration = Total duration - Safety factor
= 30 mins - 10 mins
= 20 mins
Breathing Rates
Degree of Exertion Air Breathed (Lit/min)
Rest in bed 7.7
Rest Standing 10.4
Walking at 2 mph 18.6
Walking at 3 mph 24.8
Walking at 4 mph 37.3
Walking at 5 mph 60.7
PSS 90 & PA91 Plus
Backplate
• Ergonomic design
• composite material;
antistatic
• moulded handles for
easy carrying
Harness
PA91 Plus • Flame retardant & PA94 Plus
• for marine & water resistant • for fire-fighting
industrial users • Kevlar camlock cylinder professionals
• standard harness strap • comfort harness
• Easy removal from with waistbelt
• medium pressure
backplate without tools padding
hose from LDV fitted
directly to reducer • CEJN QRC on
medium pressure
Lung Demand Valve
• High Performance- Nominal 500
ltr/min
• Approx. positive pressure limit-
10bar and 300 ltr/min
• Low breathing resistance
• Supplementary Supply
• No by-pass required
• Easy cleaning
• Quiet in operation
• Low first breath activation pressure
Pressure Reducer
• Balanced
• High flow performance
greater than
1000 ltr/min and greater than
500 ltr/min at 20bar
• Easy servicing with non
threaded hose connectors.
• 6 year overhaul
• “Fail-safe”
Mechanical Gauge with Whistle Warning Unit
Gauge
Gauge • Photoluminescent
• Streamlined protective housing
• No manifold block
•
Gauge
Cover Flexible gauge hose for easy
handling
Whistle
HP Capillary
Whistle Warning Unit
• Medium pressure operated
• Integrated with HP hose
• Maintains constant sound level
down to 10bar
Phosphor
Bronze Wire
Full Face Masker
• Extra protection with Double Reflex Seal
• Stainless steel speech diaphragm for
excellent communication
• Low exhalation resistance
• Close and comfortable fit
• Close fitting oral nasal mask prevents CO2
build up
• Self demisting visor for clear vision
• Perspiration drain to avoid skin irritation
• Replaceable choice of wide angle 180°
visors
• Choice of EPDM or silicone rubber
Cylinder
300 Bar Carbon Composite
Water Capacity (ltr)Service Pressure (bar)Free Air Capacity(ltr)Full Nominal Duration (Mins) Weight Fully Charged (Kg)
6.80 300 1,854 45 6.50
9.00 300 2,454 60 8.50
Sphere Pack
Water Capacity (ltr) Service Pressure(bar) Free Air Capacity(ltr) Full Nominal Duration(mins) Weight Fully Charged(Kg)
2.0x3 300 1,636 40 7.00
Steel Cylinders
Water Capacity (ltr) Service Pressure (bar) Free Air Capacity(ltr) Full Nominal Duration (Mins) Weight Fully Charged (Kg)
9.00 207 1,863 45 13.00
6.00 300 1,854 45 12.30
Handling of Cylinders: Do’s
Hold cylinder with fingers around
neck of valve
Always check that cylinder valve is
closed before removing outlet plug
Replace the cylinder plugs as soon
as cylinder is disconnected from the
breathing apparatus
Handling of Cylinders: Do’s
Close the cylinder valve whenever
cylinder is not in use; even if cylinder
is still connected to the breathing
apparatus
Handling of Cylinders: Don’ts
Hold cylinder around valve knob
Drop or subject cylinder to
abnormal mechanical shocks
Handling of Cylinders: Don’ts
Open the cylinder valve until
properly connected to breathing
apparatus; unless for purging
Point cylinder valve at anyone
when purging. Always ensure
outlet plug is removed before
purging
PEMERIKSAAN SCBA
1. Pemeriksaan tekanan tinggi (tekanan tabung)
Buka valve utama pelan-pelan, dan periksa manometer.
Apabila tekanannya kurang dari 5/6 dari tekanan kerja,
maka isi botol tidak boleh digunakan untuk operasi.
Periksa jarum manometer, jika sudah menunjukkan angka
maksimum tutup kembali valve utama.
Perhatikan manometer, bila tekanannya turun lebih
kurang 12 atm permenitnya, berarti ada kebocoran pada
system saluran. Perlu diperiksa kembali
Buka bypass pelan-pelan pada deman regulator dan
perhatikan suling (warning wishtle) akan berbunyi pada
tekanan antara 40-50 atm.
PEMERIKSAAN SCBA
2. Pemeriksaan tekanan rendah.
Buka valve utama dan pakailah face mask dengan
benar.
Bernafaslah seperti biasa.
Tutup kembali valve utama dengan tangan kanan,
tangan kanan masih tetap memegang valve
Bernafaslah, apabila anada tidak bisa bernafas,
berarti tidak ada kebocoran pada sistem tekanan
rendah, tetapi apabila anda masih bisa bernafas,
berarti ada kebocoran pada face mask.
Apabila anda tidak bisa bernafas, buka segera valve
utama pada botol.