INTRODUCTION TO JAVA
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
SUBMITTED BY :- MAHEER BARUPAL
BRANCH:- IT
SEM/YEAR:- 3RD/2ND
ENROLLMENT NO:- 0822IT201027
CONTENTS:-
• Origin of Java
• History of Java
• The Capabilities of Java Programing Language
• The Java language specifications
• The Java Application Program Interface(API)
• The Java development tools
• How does byte code make Java a portable language
ORIGIN OF JAVA.
• In 1991, Java was developed by a team led by James Gosling and
Patrick Naughton at Sun Microsystems.
• It was originally names “oak” because Gosling liked the look of a oak
tree that was outside his window at Sun.
HISTORY OF JAVA
• The challenge : For use in embedded consumer electronic appliances- the
cable TV switch boxes.
Different manufacturers may use different central processing units
(CPUs).
The cable TV switchboxes devices do not have a lot of power or
memory.
• The Language;
Had to be small and generate very tight code.
Not be tied to any single architecture .
HISTORY OF JAVA
• A two-step Java translation process have been developed.
Programs written in Java were translated into an intermediate
language, known as the byte code.
Then, the byte code would be translated into machine language
• In 1994, Java was used to develop a Web browser , named “HotJava”.
The browser was able to download and run small Java programs over
the internet, known as applets.
Capable to display animation and interact with the user.
HISTORY OF JAVA
• In 1995, Netscape incorporated Java technology into its Netscape browser.
Then, other internet companies followed……
THE CAPABILITIES OF JAVA PROGRAMING
LANGUAGE
• Java is a full-featured and general-purpose programming language
that is capable of developing a robust mission-critical applications
for:
Desktops
Servers
Mobile devices
• The Java programming language is a relatively high-level
language, class based and object oriented.
• Java running on a desktop is called application.
• Java running on a internet is called applet.
• Java developed on a server-side is called servlet.
THE JAVA LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONS
• Defines the java standard and technical definition of the language
Includes the syntax and sematics of the language.
url:
[Link]/docs/books/jls
THE JAVA APPLICATION PROGRAM
INTERFACE (API)
• Java API contains predefined classes and interfaces for developing
java programs.
• In 1995, Java 1.0 was introduced.
with 211 classes and interfaces.
• In December 1998, Java 2 platform was announced.
applies to current Java platform.
THE JAVA APPLICATION PROGRAM INTERFACE(API)
THE JAVA APPLICATION PROGRAM INTERFACE (API)
• There are 3 editions to the Java API:
Java 2 standard edition (J2SE)
client-side standalone applications and applets.
Java 2 Enterprise Edition(J2EE)
server-side applications, such as Java servlets and Java and java server pages.
Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)
mobile devices, such as cell phones or pda.
THE JAVA DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
• A software that provides and Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for rapidly
developing Java programs.
• Java development tools in the market;
NetBeans by Sun (open source)
Jbuilder by Borland
Eclipse by IBM (open source)
• Other usefull tools ;
Code warriors by Metroworks
TextPad Editor
Jcreator Le
Jedit
BlueJ
BYTE CODE AND THE JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE (JVM)
• Java translator translates Java programs into Byte-code.
Once compiled to Byte-Code, a Java program can be used on any
computer, making it very portable machine.
• Java Virtual Machine (JVM) translates Byte-Code into Machine language.
PORTABILITY
• Portability means that a program may be written on one type computer and can run
on a wide variety of computers, with little or no modifications.
• Java byte-code runs on the JVM and not on any particular CPU; therefore compiled
Java programs are highly portable.
• JVM exists on many platforms;
Windows
Macintosh
Linux
PORTABILITY
Java virtual
machine for
windows
Java virtual
Byte- Java virtual
machine for code machine for
Unix Linux
(.class)
Java virtual
machine for
Macintosh