Professional Master's Degree

Quantum Physics
Professional Master's Degree
Quantum Physics
» Modality: online
» Duration: 12 months
» Certificate: TECH Technological University
» Dedication: 16h/week
» Schedule: at your own pace
» Exams: online
Website: [Link]/in/engineering/professional-master-degree/master-quantum-physics
Index

01 02
Introduction Objectives
p. 4 p. 8

03 04 05
Skills Structure and Content Methodology
p. 12 p. 16 p. 32

06
Certificate
p. 40
01
Introduction
Today, engineers with the ability to transfer knowledge from physics to technology
are required. This fusion gave rise, for example, to the James Webb telescope or
the particle accelerator which led to the discovery of the Higgs boson. Therefore,
in this century, understanding the asymmetry between matter and antimatter, the
search for exoplanets or supermassive black holes are still a great challenge for
quantum physics. That is why TECH has created this program, 100% online with a
theoretical-practical approach that will allow graduates to delve into astrophysics,
nuclear physics or quantum mechanics. In addition, students have access to
innovative teaching material that can be accessed 24 hours a day from any device
with an Internet connection.
 Introduction | 05

A 100% online Professional Master's Degree,

with a syllabus available 24 hours a day, so that
you can advance whenever you wish in the key
concepts of Quantum Physics"
 06 | Introduction

The research field of Quantum Physics offers a wide range of lines of development This Professional Master's Degree in Quantum Physics contains the most complete
with great potential for engineering professionals who decide to delve into this field and up-to-date program on the market. The most important features include:
of exploration and discovery in energy production, ultracold atoms, trapped Š Practical case studies are presented by experts in Physics
ions or photonics.
Š The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide
Recent advances in this field have opened multiple lines of study and actions in other scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for
disciplines such as astrophysics, cosmology, chemistry, biology, medicine or artificial professional practice
intelligence: possibilities as vast as the universe. That is why TECH has designed Š Practical exercises where the self-assessment process can be carried out to
this Professional Master's Degree in Quantum Physics, which will allow graduates to improve learning
achieve, in only 12 months, the most advanced knowledge about the most common
Š Its special emphasis on innovative methodologies
physical processes in planetary and solar physics, the studies of Paul Dirac or Richard
Š Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and
Feynman and quantum field theory.
individual reflection assignments
All this, through a program taught exclusively online, which will allow them to delve,
Š Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
whenever they wish, into Einstein's equations, Schwarzschild's solution, dark matter
and energies or the thermodynamics of the early universe. The case studies will also
help them to integrate the practice into their daily professional work.

This academic institution thus offers an excellent opportunity for engineering

specialists who wish to progress in their professional career through a quality
university education that is compatible with their work and/or personal
responsibilities. They only need an electronic device with an Internet connection
to view the content hosted on the virtual platform. With no classroom attendance
or fixed class schedules, students have the freedom to distribute the course load
according to their needs. Thanks to the knowledge acquired in
this Professional Master's Degree you
will be able to contribute to solve the
problems of dark matter"
 Introduction | 07

Click now and obtain a diploma

that will allow you to progress in
The library of multimedia resources your Engineer professional career
of this course will allow you to learn in Quantum Physics.
the main contributions to Quantum
Physics from Richard Feynman, Paul
Dirac, Peter Higgs or Schrödinger”
Enroll in a Professional Master's
Degree that will lead you to be
able to solve the main existing
The program includes, in its teaching staff, professionals from the sector who bring to
problems in quantum mechanics.
this program the experience of their work, in addition to recognized specialists from
prestigious reference societies and universities.

Its multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will allow
professionals to learn in a contextual and situated learning environment, i.e., a
simulated environment that will provide them with immersive education programmed to
learn them in real situations.

The design of this program focuses on Problem-Based Learning, by means of which

professionals must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise
during the academic course. For this purpose, students will be assisted by an innovative
interactive video system developed by renowned experts.
02
Objectives
TECH has designed this university degree with the main objective of offering students
the most advanced and comprehensive information on Quantum Physics. For this
purpose, it provides multimedia teaching resources, which will allow students to
master quantum systems, cosmology, the concept of relativity and the main authors
in this field. Additionally, the teaching team that is part of this program will guide the
professionals to easily achieve these goals.
 Objectives | 09

TECH's goal is you. Progress in your

Engineer professional career thanks to
the latest knowledge on the functioning of
supersymmetry, strings and extra dimensions”
 10 | Objectives

General Objectives Specific Objectives

Š Acquire basic concepts of astrophysics Module 1. Introduction to Modern Physics

Š Obtain basic notions about Feynman diagrams, how they are drawn and their utilities Š Identify and assess the presence of physical processes in daily life and in both specific
Š Learn and apply approximate methods to study quantum systems (medical applications, fluid behavior, optics or radiation protection) and common
scenarios (electromagnetism, thermodynamics or classical mechanics)
Š Master the Klein-Gordon, Dirac and electromagnetic fields
Š Be able to use computer tools to solve and model physical problems
Š Be familiar with new developments and advances in the field of physics, both theoretical
and experimental
Š Develop communication skills, to write reports and documents, or to make effective
presentations of these

Module 2. Mathematical Methods

Š Obtain basic notions of metric and Hilbert spaces
Š Acquire knowledge about the characteristics of linear operators and the
Surm-Liouville theory
You will get the most comprehensive Š Know the theory of groups, group representation, tensor calculus and their applications
knowledge about the most common to physics

symmetry breakings" Module 3. Quantum Physics

Š Apply the fundamental concepts of Quantum Physics and their articulation in laws
and theories
Š Know the most common physical processes in Quantum Physics
Š Be familiar with the postulates of Quantum Physics
Š Know how to apply the mathematical tools characteristic to Quantum Physics
to solve quantum mechanics problems
 Objectives | 11

Module 4. Astrophysics Module 8. General Relativity and Cosmology

Š Understand and use mathematical and numerical methods commonly Š Acquire basic notions of general relativity
used in Astrophysics Š Apply knowledge of calculus and algebra to the study of gravity using the theory of
Š Be familiar with new developments and advances in the field of Astrophysics, both general relativity
theoretical and experimental Š Know the Einstein's equations in tensor format
Š Understand the most common physical processes in cosmology
Š Acquire basic knowledge of cosmology and the primitive universe
Š Know the most common physical processes in only Physics
Module 9. High Energy Physics
Module 5. Quantum Physics Š Apply knowledge of quantum field theory and the mathematics of group and
Š Know the atomic models with the variational method
representations theory to elementary particle physics
Š Master the intrinsic angular momentum Š Know spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanisms and the Higgs mechanism
Š Understand time-dependent perturbation theory
Š Have notions of neutrino physics, their masses and oscillations
Š Understand and know how to apply the WKB method
Š Know Feynman's rules for quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics and
Module 6. Nuclear and Particle Physics weak interaction
Š Obtain basic knowledge of nuclear and particle physics Š Acquire basic notions of Yang-Millis theory
Š Know how to distinguish the different nuclear decay processes
Module 10. Information and Quantum Computing
Š Know the Feynman diagrams, their use and how to draw them
Š Acquire basic notions of classical and quantum information
Š Know how to calculate relativistic collisions
Š Identify the most common algorithms for quantum encryption of information
Module 7. Quantum Field Theory Š Obtain basic notions about semiquantum and quantum theories of
Š Acquire basic notions of quantum field theory light-matter interaction
Š Know the main problems of quantization of some of the fields and how to solve them Š Know the most common quantum information implementations
Š know how to calculate amplitudes of interactions between particles from
Feynman diagrams
Š Know the C, P, T symmetries, the most common symmetry violations and the C, P, T
symmetry conservation theorem
03
Skills
The structure of this Professional Master's Degree has been created with the aim of
enhancing the skills of the engineering professionals in the field of Quantum Physics.
Thus, after completing the 1,500 teaching hours of this course, graduates will be able to
apply the concepts acquired on quantum field theory, the physical laws at the subatomic
level or develop the different mathematical formulations shown in this program. The case
study simulations will be very useful for professionals, who will be able to integrate the
methodologies shown in their daily practice.
 Skills | 13

This academic teaching will show you from

a theoretical-practical point of view the
possibilities of the application of the laws
of physics and the study of the Milky Way"
 14 | Skills

General Skills

Š Know how the universe works on both cosmological and stellar scales
Š Know how to apply the Schwarzschild solution and its consequences
Š Understand the consequences of the equivalence principle
Š Determine the mass of a binary system

Boost your professional career by

mastering the main postulates of
quantum mechanics through this
degree. Enroll now”
 Skills | 15

Specific Skills

Š Develop an open and critical mind, the key to understanding physical laws
at subatomic level
Š Know the effects of gravitational waves on matter
Š Use atomic models with the variational method
Š Apply the postulates of quantum mechanics
04
Structure and Content
TECH has prepared a Professional Master’s Degree in Quantum Physics based on
the most current and advanced knowledge in this field. Thus, throughout the 10
modules that make up the syllabus, engineering professionals will be able to delve
into astrophysics, the dynamics of quantum mechanics, the problems of dark matter
or the latest advances in cosmology. In addition, thanks to the Relearning system, the
graduates will be able to progress through the content in a more natural way, reducing
the long hours of study that are so common in other methodologies.
 Structure and Content | 17

Thanks to the practical case

studies you will easily delve
into Feynman's rules"
 18 | Structure and Content

Module 1. Introduction to Modern Physics 1.6. Introduction to Cosmology

1.6.1. Distance Calculation in Astronomy
1.1. Introduction to Medical Physics
1.6.2. Velocity Calculations in Astronomy
1.1.1. How to Apply Physics to Medicine
1.6.3. Dark Matter and Energy
1.1.2. Energy of Charged Particles in Tissues
1.6.4. The Expansion of the Universe
1.1.3. Photons through Tissues
1.6.5. Gravitational Waves
1.1.4. Applications
1.7. Geophysics and Atmospheric Physics
1.2. Introduction to Particle Physics
1.7.1. Geophysics
1.2.1. Introduction and Objectives
1.7.2. Atmospheric Physics
1.2.2. Quantified Particles
1.7.3. Meteorology
1.2.3. Fundamental Forces and Charges
1.7.4. Climate Change
1.2.4. Particle Detection
1.8. Introduction to Condensed Matter Physics
1.2.5. Classification of Fundamental Particles and Standard Model
1.8.1. Aggregate States of Matter
1.2.6. Beyond the Standard Model
1.8.2. Matter Allotropes
1.2.7. Current Generalization Theories
1.8.3. Crystalline Solids
1.2.8. High Energy Experiments
1.8.4. Soft Matter
1.3. Particle Accelerators
1.9. Introduction to Quantum Computing
1.3.1. Particle Acceleration Processes
1.9.1. Introduction to the Quantum World
1.3.2. Linear Accelerators
1.9.2. Qubits
1.3.3. Cyclotrons
1.9.3. Multiple Qubits
1.3.4. Synchrotrons
1.9.4. Logic Gates
1.4. Introduction to Nuclear Physics
1.9.5. Quantum Programs
1.4.1. Nuclear Stability
1.9.6. Quantum Computers
1.4.2. New Methods in Nuclear Fission
1.10. Introduction to Quantum Cryptography
1.4.3. Nuclear Fusion
1.10.1. Classic Information
1.4.4. Synthesis of Superheavy Elements
1.10.2. Quantum Information
1.5. Introduction to Astrophysics
1.10.3. Quantum Encryption
1.5.1. The Solar System
1.10.4. Protocols in Quantum Cryptography
1.5.2. Birth and Death of a Star
1.5.3. Space Exploration
1.5.4. Exoplanets
 Structure and Content | 19

Module 2. Mathematical methods 2.5. Stumr-Liouville Theory

2.5.1. Eigenvalue Theorem
2.1. Pre-Hibertian Spaces
2.5.2. Eigenvector Theorem
2.1.1. Vector Spaces
2.5.3. Sturm-Liouville Problem
2.1.2. Positive Hermitian Scalar Product
2.5.4. Important Theorems for Sturm-Liouville Theory
2.1.3. Single Vector Module
2.6. Introduction to Group Theory
2.1.4. Schwartz Inequality
2.6.1. Definition of Group and Characteristics
2.1.5. Minkowsky Inequality
2.6.2. Symmetries
2.1.6. Orthogonality
2.6.3. Study of SO (3), SU(2) and SU(N) Groups
2.1.7. Dirac Notation
2.6.4. Lie Algebra
2.2. Topology of Metric Spaces
2.6.5. Groups of Quantum Physics
2.2.1. Definition of Distance
2.7. Introduction to Representations
2.2.2. Definition of Metric Space
2.7.1. Definitions
2.2.3. Elements of Topology of Metric Spaces
2.7.2. Fundamental Representation
2.2.4. Convergent Successions
2.7.3. Adjoint Representation
2.2.5. Cauchy Successions
2.7.4. Unitary Representation
2.2.6. Complete Metric Space
2.7.5. Product of Representation
2.3. Hilbert Spaces
2.7.6. Young Tables
2.3.1. Hilbert Spaces: Definition
2.7.7. Okubo Theorems
2.3.2. Herbatian Base
2.7.8. Applications to Particle Physics
2.3.3. Schrödinger vs. Heisenberg. Lebesgue Integral
2.8. Introduction to Tensors
2.3.4. Continuous Frames of a Hilbert Space
2.8.1. Definition of Covariant and Contravariant Tensors
2.3.5. Change of Basis Matrix
2.8.2. Kronecker Delta
2.4. Linear Operations
2.8.3. Levi-Civita Tensor
2.4.1. Linear Operators: Basic Concepts
2.8.4. Study of SO(N) i SO (3)
2.4.2. Inverse Operator
2.8.5. Study of SO(N)
2.4.3. Adjoint Operator
2.8.6. Relation between tensors and representations
2.4.4. Self-Adjoint Operator
2.9. Group Theory Applied to Physics
2.4.5. Positive Definite Operator
2.9.1. Translation Group
2.4.6. Unitary Operator I: Change of Basis
2.9.2. Lorentz Group
2.4.6. Antiunitary Operator
2.9.3. Discrete Groups
2.4.7. Projector
2.9.4. Continuous Groups
 20 | Structure and Content

2.10. Representations and Particle Physics

2.10.1. Representations of SU(N) Groups
2.10.2. Fundamental Representations
2.10.3. Multiplication of Representations
2.10.4. Okubo Theorem and Eightfold Ways

Module 3. Quantum Physics

3.1. Origins of Quantum Physics
3.1.1. Blackbody Radiation
3.1.2. Photoelectric Effect
3.1.3. Compton Effect
3.1.4. Atomic Spectra and Models
3.1.5. Pauli Exclusion Principle
[Link]. Zeeman Effect
[Link]. Stern-Gerlach Experiment
3.1.6. Broglie Wavelength and the Double Slit Experiment
3.2. Mathematical Formulation
3.2.1. Hilbert Spaces
3.2.2. Dirac Nomenclature Bra - ket
3.2.3. Internal and External Product
3.2.4. Linear Operators
3.2.5. Hermetic Operators and Diagonalization
3.2.6. Sum and Tensor Product
3.2.7. Density Matrix
3.3. Quantum Mechanics Postulates
3.3.1. Postulate 1º: Definition of Status
3.3.2. Postulate 2º: Definition of Observables
3.3.3. Postulate 3º: Definition of Measurement
3.3.4. Postulate 4º: Probability of Measurement
3.3.5. Postulate 5º: Dynamics
 Structure and Content | 21

3.4. Apply the postulates of quantum mechanics

3.4.1. Probability of Results Statistics
3.4.2. Indeterminism
3.4.3. Temporary Evolution of the Expected Values
3.4.4. Compatibility and Commuting of Observables
3.4.5. Pauli Matrices
3.5. Quantum Mechanics Dynamics
3.5.1. Representation of Positions
3.5.2. Momentum Representation
3.5.3. Schrödinger Equation
3.5.4. Ehrenfest Theorem
3.5.5. Virial Theorem
3.6. Potential Barriers
3.6.1. Infinite Square Well
3.6.2. Finite Square Well
3.6.3. Potential Step
3.6.4. Delta Potential
3.6.5. Tunnel Effect
3.6.6. Free Particle
3.7. Simple Harmonic Oscillator
3.7.1. Analogy with Classical Mechanics
3.7.2. Hamiltonian and eigenvalues of energy
3.7.3. Analytical Method
3.7.4. Blurred Quantum
3.7.5. Coherent States
3.8. 3D Operators and Observables
3.8.1. Review of Calculus Notions with Several Values
3.8.2. Position Operator
3.8.3. Linear Momentum Operator
3.8.4. Orbital Angular Momentum
3.8.5. Ladder Operators
3.8.6. Hamiltonian
 22 | Structure and Content

3.9. Three-Dimensional Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions 4.4. Stars

3.9.1. Position Operator 4.4.1. Classification of Stars
3.9.2. Linear Momentum Operator 4.4.2. Methods for Determining the Mass of a Star
3.9.3. Orbital Angular Momentum and Spherical Harmonics Operator 4.4.3. Binary Stars
3.9.4. Angular Equation 4.4.4. Classification of Binary Stars
3.10. Three-Dimensional Potential Barriers 4.4.5. Determining the Masses of a Binary System
3.10.1. Free Particle 4.5. Life of Stars
3.10.2. Particle in a Box 4.5.1. Characteristics of a Star
3.10.3. Central Potentials and Radial Equations 4.5.2. Birth of a Star
3.10.4. Infinite Spheric Well 4.5.3. Life of a Star. Hertzprung-Russell Diagrams
3.10.5. Hydrogen Atom 4.5.4. Death of a Star
3.10.6. 3D Harmonic Oscillator 4.6. Death of Stars
4.6.1. White Dwarf
Module 4. Astrophysics
4.6.2. Supernovas
4.1. Introduction 4.6.3. Neutron Stars
4.1.1. Brief History of Astrophysics 4.6.4. Black Holes
4.1.2. Instruments 4.7. Study of the Milky Way
4.1.3. Observational Magnitude Scale 4.7.1. Shape and Dimensions of the Milky Way
4.1.4. Calculation of Astronomical Distances 4.7.2. Dark Matter
4.1.5. Color Index 4.7.3. Phenomenon of Gravitational Lensing
4.2. Spectral Lines 4.7.4. Massive Particles of Weak Interaction
4.2.1. Historical Introduction 4.7.5. Shape and Halo of the Milky Way
4.2.2. Kirchoff's Laws 4.7.6. Spiral Structure of the Milky Way
4.2.3. Relationship between Spectrum and Temperature 4.8. Galaxy Clusters
4.2.4. Doppler Effect 4.8.1. Introduction
4.2.5. Spectrograph 4.8.2. Classification of Galaxies
4.3. Radiation Field Study 4.8.3. Photometry of Galaxies
4.3.1. Prior Definitions 4.8.4. Local Group: Introduction
4.3.2. Lens opacity 4.9. Distribution of Large-Scale Galaxies
4.3.3. Optical Depth 4.9.1. Shape and Age of the Universe
4.3.4. Microscopic Opacity Sources 4.9.2. Standard Cosmological Model
4.3.5. Total Opacity 4.9.3. Formation of Cosmological Structures
4.3.6. Extinction 4.9.4. Observational Methods in Cosmology
4.3.7. Structure of Spectral Lines
 Structure and Content | 23

4.10. Dark Matter and Energies 5.5. State of the Compound Systems
4.10.1. Discovery and Characteristics 5.5.1. Distinguishable Particles
4.10.2. Consequences on the Distribution of Ordinary Matter 5.5.2. Indistinguishable Particles
4.10.3. Dark Matter Problems 5.5.3. Photon Case: Semitransparent Mirror Experiment
4.10.4. Candidate Particles for Dark Matter 5.5.4. Quantum Bonding
4.10.5. Dark Energy and its Consequences 5.5.5. Bell Inequalities
5.5.6. EPR Paradox
Module 5. Quantum Physics II
5.5.7. Bell Theorem
5.1. Descriptions of Quantum Mechanics: Images or Representations 5.6. Introduction to Approximate Methods: Variational Method
5.1.1. Schrödinger Picture 5.6.1. Introduction to the Variational Method
5.1.2. Heisenberg Picture 5.6.2. Linear Variations
5.1.3. Dirac Picture or Interaction Picture 5.6.3. Rayleigh-Ritz Variational Method
5.1.4. Change of Pictures 5.6.4. Harmonic Oscillator: A Study by Variational Methods
5.2. 3D Harmonic Oscillator 5.7. Study of Atomic Models with the Variational Method
5.2.1. Creation and annihilation operators 5.7.1. Hydrogen Atom
5.2.2. Wave Functions of Fock States 5.7.2. Helium Atom
5.2.3. Coherent States 5.7.3. Ionized Hydrogen Molecule
5.2.4. States of Minimum Indeterminacy 5.7.4. Discrete Symmetries
5.2.5. Squeezed States [Link]. Parity
5.3. Angular Momentum [Link]. Temporary Inversion
5.3.1. Rotations 5.8. Introduction to Disturbance Theory
5.3.2. Switches of Angular Momentum 5.8.1. Time-Independent Perturbations
5.3.3. Angular Momentum Basis 5.8.2. Non-Degenerate Case
5.3.4. Scale Operators 5.8.3. Degenerate Case
5.3.5. Matrix Representation 5.8.4. Fine Structure of Hydrogen Atom
5.3.6. Intrinsic Angular Momentum: The Spin 5.8.5. Zeeman Effect
5.3.7. Spin Cases 1/ 2, 1, 3/ 2 5.8.6. Coupling Constant between Spins. Hyperfine Structure
5.4. Multi-Component Wave Functions: Spinorials 5.8.7. Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory
5.4.1. Single-Component Wave Functions: Spin 0 [Link]. Two-Level Atom
5.4.2. Double-Component Wave Functions: Spin 1/2 [Link]. Sinusoidal Perturbation
5.4.3. Expected Value of Spin Observable
5.4.4. Atomic States
5.4.5. Addition of Angular Momentum
5.4.6. Clebsch-Gordan Coefficient
 24 | Structure and Content

5.9. Adiabatic Approximation

5.9.1. Introduction to Adiabatic Approximation
5.9.2. The Adiabatic Theorem
5.9.3. Berry Phase
5.9.4. Aharonov-Bohm Effect
5.10. Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) Approximation
5.10.1. Introduction to the WKB Method
5.10.2. Classical Region
5.10.3. Tunnel Effect
5.10.4. Connection Formulas

Module 6. Nuclear and Particle Physics

6.1. Introduction to Nuclear Physics
6.1.1. Periodic Table of the Elements
6.1.2. Important Discoveries
6.1.3. Atomic Models
6.1.4. Important Definitions Scales and Units in Nuclear Physics
6.1.5. Segré's Diagram
6.2. Nuclear Properties
6.2.1. Binding Energy
6.2.2. Semiempirical Mass Formula
6.2.3. Fermi Gas Model
6.2.4. Nuclear Stability
[Link]. Alpha Decay
[Link]. Beta Decay
[Link]. Nuclear Fusion
6.2.5. Nuclear Deexcitation
6.2.6. Double Beta Decay
 Structure and Content | 25

6.3. Nuclear Scattering 6.7. Dynamics of Elementary Particles

6.3.1. Internal Structure: Dispersion Study 6.7.1. The Four Fundamental Interactions
6.3.2. Effective Section 6.7.2. Quantum Electrodynamics
6.3.3. Rutherford's Experiment: Rutherford's Effective Section 6.7.3. Quantum Chromodynamics
6.3.4. Mott's Effective Section 6.7.4. Weak Interaction
6.3.5. Momentum Transfer and Shape Factors 6.7.5. Disintegrations and Conservation Laws
6.3.6. Nuclear Charge Distribution 6.8. Relativistic Kinematics
6.3.7. Neutron Scattering 6.8.1. Lorentz Transformations
6.4. Nuclear Structure and Strong Interaction 6.8.2. Quatrivectors
6.4.1. Nucleon Scattering 6.8.3. Energy and Linear Momentum
6.4.2. Bound States Deuterium 6.8.4. Collisions
6.4.3. Strong Nuclear Interaction 6.8.5. Introduction to Feynman Diagrams
6.4.4. Magic Numbers 6.9. Symmetries
6.4.5. The Layered Model of the Nucleus 6.9.1. Groups, Symmetries and Conservation Laws
6.4.6. Nuclear Spin and Parity 6.9.2. Spin and Angular Momentum
6.4.7. Electromagnetic Moments of the Nucleus 6.9.3. Addition of Angular Momentum
6.4.8. Collective Nuclear Excitations: Dipole Oscillations, Vibrational States and 6.9.4. Flavor Symmetries
Rotational States 6.9.5. Parity
6.5. Nuclear Structure and Strong Interaction II 6.9.6. Load Conjugation
6.5.1. Classification of Nuclear Reactions 6.9.7. CP Violation
6.5.2. Reaction Kinematics 6.9.8. Time Reversal
6.5.3. Conservation Laws 6.9.9. CPT Conservation
6.5.4. Nuclear Spectroscopy 6.10. Bound States
6.5.5. The Compound Nucleus Model 6.10.1. Schrödinger's Equation for Central Potentials
6.5.6. Direct Reactions 6.10.2. Hydrogen Atom
6.5.7. Elastic Dispersion 6.10.3. Fine Structure
6.6. Introduction to Particle Physics 6.10.4. Hyperfine Structure
6.6.1. Particles and Antiparticles 6.10.5. Positronium
6.6.2. Fermions and Baryons 6.10.6. Quarkonium
6.6.3. The Standard Model of Elementary Particles: Leptons and Quarks 6.10.7. Lightweight Mesons
6.6.4. The Quark Model 6.10.8. Baryons
6.6.5. Intermediate Vector Bosons
 26 | Structure and Content

Module 7. Quantum field theory 7.5. S-Matrix Formalism

7.5.1. Lagrangian and Hamitonian of Interaction
7.1. Classical Field Theory
7.5.2. S Matrix: Definition and Properties
7.1.1. Notation and Conventions
7.5.3. Dyson Expansion
7.1.2. Lagrangian Formulation
7.5.4. Wick Theorem
7.1.3. Euler Lagrange Equations
7.5.5. Dirac Picture
7.1.4. Symmetries and Conservation Laws
7.6. Feinman Diagrams in the Position Space
7.2. Klein-Gordon Field
7.6.1. How to Draw Feynman Diagrams? Rules Utilities
7.2.1. Klein-Gordon Equations
7.6.2. First Order
7.2.2. Klein-Gordon Field Quantization
7.6.3. Second Order
7.2.3. Lorentz Invariance of the Klein-Gordon Field
7.6.4. Dispersion Processes with Two Particles
7.2.4. Vacuum Vacuum and Fock States
7.7. Feynman Rules
7.2.5. Vacuum Energy
7.7.1. Normalization of States in Fock Space
7.2.6. Normal Arrangement: Agreement
7.7.2. Feynman Amplitude
7.2.7. Energy and Momentum of States
7.7.3. Feynman Rules for QED
7.2.8. Study of Causality
7.7.4. Gauge Invariance in the Amplitudes
7.2.9. Klein-Gordon propagator
7.7.5. Examples:
7.3. Dirac Field
7.8. Cross Section and Decay Rates
7.3.1. Dirac Equation
7.8.1. Definition of Cross Sections
7.3.2. Dirac Matrices and their Properties
7.8.2. Definition of Decay Rate
7.3.3. Representation of Dirac Matrices
7.8.3. Example with Two Bodies in Final State
7.3.4. Dirac Lagrangian
7.8.4. Unpolarized Cross Section
7.3.5. Solution to Dirac Equation: Plane Waves
7.8.5. Summation on Fermion Polarization
7.3.6. Commuting and Anticommuting
7.8.6. Summation on Photon Polarization
7.3.7. Quantification of Dirac Field
7.8.7. Examples:
7.3.8. Fock Space
7.9. Study of Muons and Other Charged Particles
7.3.9. Dirac Propagator
7.9.1. Muons
7.4. Electromagnetic Field
7.9.2. Charged Particles
7.4.1. Classical Field of Electromagnetic Theory
7.9.3. Scalar Charged Particles
7.4.2. Quantization of the Electromagnetic Field and its Problems
7.9.4. Feynman Rules for Scalar Quantum Electrodynamics Theory
7.4.3. Fock Space
7.4.4. Gupta-Bleuler Formalism
7.4.5. Photon Propagator
 Structure and Content | 27

7.10. Symmetries 8.4. Geometry: Necessary Concepts

7.10.1. Parity 8.4.1. Two-Dimensional Spaces
7.10.2. Load Conjugation 8.4.2. Scalar, Vector and Tensor Fields
7.10.3. Time Reversal 8.4.3. Metric Tensor: Concept and Theory
7.10.4. Violation of Some Symmetries 8.4.4. Partial Derivative
7.10.5. CPT Symmetry 8.4.5. Covariant Derivative
8.4.6. Christoffel Symbols
Module 8. General Relativity and Cosmology
8.4.7. Covariant Derivatives of Tensors
8.1. Special Relativity 8.4.8. Directional Covariant Derivatives
8.1.1. Postulates 8.4.9. Divergence and Lapacian
8.1.2. Lorentz Transformations in Standard Configuration 8.5. Curved Space-Time
8.1.3. Impulses (Boosts) 8.5.1. Covariant Derivative and Parallel Transport: Definition
8.1.4. Tensors 8.5.2. Geodesics from Parallel Transport
8.1.5. Relativistic Kinematics 8.5.3. Riemann Curvature Tensor
8.1.6. Relativistic Linear Momentum and Energy 8.5.4. Riemann Tensor: Definition and Properties
8.1.7. Lorentz Covariance 8.5.5. Ricci Tensor: Definition and Properties
8.1.8. Energy-Momentum Tensor 8.6. Einstein Equations: Derivation
8.2. Equivalence Principle 8.6.1. Reformulation of the Equivalence Principle
8.2.1. Weak Equivalence Principle 8.6.2. Applications of the Equivalence Principle
8.2.2. Experiments on the Weak Equivalence Principle 8.6.3. Conservation and Symmetries
8.2.3. Locally Inertial Reference Systems 8.6.4. Derivation of Einstein's Equations from the Equivalence Principle
8.2.4. Principle of Equivalence 8.7. Schwarzschild Solution
8.2.5. Consequences on the Equivalence Principle 8.7.1. Schwartzschild Metrics
8.3. Particle Motion in the Gravitational Field 8.7.2. Length and Time Elements
8.3.1. Path of Particles under Gravity 8.7.3. Conserved Quantities
8.3.2. Newtonian Limit 8.7.4. Equation of Motion
8.3.3. Gravitational Redshift and Tests 8.7.5. Light Deflection. Study of Schwartzschild Metrics
8.3.4. Temporary Dilatation 8.7.6. Schwartzschild Radius
8.3.5. Geodesic Equation 8.7.7. Eddington-Finkelstein Coordinates
8.7.8. Black Holes
 28 | Structure and Content

8.8. Linear Gravity Limits Consequences

8.8.1. Linear Gravity: Introduction
8.8.2. Coordinate Transformation
8.8.3. Linearized Einstein Equations
8.8.4. General Solution of Linearized Einstein Equations
8.8.5. Gravitational Waves
8.8.6. Effects of Gravitational Waves on Matter
8.8.7. Generation of Gravitational Waves
8.9. Cosmology: Introduction
8.9.1. Observation of the Universe: Introduction
8.9.2. Cosmological Principle
8.9.3. System of Coordinates
8.9.4. Cosmological Distances
8.9.5. The Hubble’s Law
8.9.6. Inflation
8.10. Cosmology: Mathematical Study
8.10.1. Friedmann’s First Equation
8.10.2. Friedmann’s Second Equation
8.10.3. Densities and Scale Factor
8.10.4. Consequences of Friedmann Equations Curvature of the Universe
8.10.5. Primitive Universe Thermodynamics

Module 9. High-Energy Physics

9.1. Mathematical Methods: Groups and Representations
9.1.1. Theory of Groups
9.1.2. SO (3), SU(2) and SU(3) and SU(N) Groups
9.1.3. Lie Algebra
9.1.4. Representations
9.1.5. Multiplication of Representations
 Structure and Content | 29

9.2. Symmetries
9.2.1. Symmetries and Conservation Laws
9.2.2. C, P, T Symmetries
9.2.3. CPT Symmetry Violation and Conservation
9.2.4. Angular Momentum
9.2.5. Addition of Angular Momentum
9.3. Feynman Calculus: Introduction
9.3.1. Average Lifetime
9.3.2. Cross Section
9.3.3. Fermi’s Golden Rule for Decay
9.3.4. Fermi’s Golden Rule for Dispersion
9.3.5. Dispersion of Two Bodies in the Center of Masses of Reference Systems
9.4. Application of Feynman Calculation: Toy Model
9.4.1. Toy Model: Introduction
9.4.2. Feynman Rules
9.4.3. Average Lifetime
9.4.4. Dispersion
9.4.5. Higher Order Diagrams
9.5. Quantum Electrodynamics
9.5.1. Dirac Equation
9.5.2. Solution for Dirac Equations
9.5.3. Bilinear Covariants
9.5.4. The Photon
9.5.5. Feynman Rules for Quantum Electrodynamics
9.5.6. Casimir’s Trick
9.5.7. Renormalization
9.6. Electrodynamics and Chromodynamics of Quarks
9.6.1. Feynman Rules
9.6.2. Production of Hadrons in Electron-Positron Collisions
9.6.3. Feynman Rules for Chromodynamics
9.6.4. Color Factors
9.6.5. Quark-Antiquark Interaction
9.6.6. Quark-Quark Interaction
9.6.7. Pair Annihilation in Quantum Chromodynamics
 30 | Structure and Content

9.7. Weak Interaction Module 10. Information and Quantum Computing

9.7.1. Weak Charged Interaction
10.1. Introduction: Mathematics and Quantum
9.7.2. Feynman Rules
10.1.1. Complex Vector Spaces
9.7.3. Muon Decay
10.1.2. Linear Operators
9.7.4. Neutron Decay
10.1.3. Scalar Products and Hilbert Spaces
9.7.5. Pion Decay
10.1.4. Diagonalization
9.7.6. Weak Interaction between Quarks
10.1.5. Tensor Product
9.7.7. Weak Neutral Interaction
10.1.6. The Role of Operators
9.7.8. Electroweak Unification
10.1.7. Important Theorems on Operators
9.8. Gauge Theories
10.1.8. Checked Quantum Mechanics Postulates
9.8.1. Local Gauge Invariance
10.2. Statistical States and Samples
9.8.2. Yang-Millis Theory
10.2.1. The Qubit
9.8.3. Quantum Chromodynamics
10.2.2. Density Matrix
9.8.4. Feynman Rules
10.2.3. Two-Part System
9.8.5. Mass Term
10.2.4. Schmidt Decomposition
9.8.6. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
10.2.5. Statistical Interpretation of the Mixing States
9.8.7. Higgs Mechanism
10.3. Measurements and Temporary Evolution
9.9. Neutrino Oscillation
10.3.1. Von Neumann Measurements
9.9.1. Solar Neutrino Problem
10.3.2. Generalized Measurements
9.9.2. Neutrino Oscillation
10.3.3. Neumark Theorem
9.9.3. Neutrino Masses
10.3.4. Quantum Channels
9.9.4. Mixing Matrix
10.4. interwoven and its Applications
9.10. Advanced Topics Brief Introduction
10.4.1. ERP States
9.10.1. Higgs Boson
10.4.2. Dense Coding
9.10.2. Grand Oscillation
10.4.3. State Teleportation
9.10.3. Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry
10.4.4. Density Matrix and its Representations
9.10.4. Supersymmetry, Strings and Extra Dimensions
9.10.5. Dark Matter and Energy
 Structure and Content | 31

10.5. Classic and Quantum Information 10.9. Quantum Communication

10.5.1. Introduction to Probability 10.9.1. Quantum Cryptography: BB84 and Ekert91 protocols
10.5.2. Information 10.9.2. Bell Inequalities
10.5.3. Shannon Entropy and Mutual Information 10.9.3. Generation of Individual Photons
10.5.4. Communication 10.9.4. Propagation of Individual Photons
[Link]. The Bynary Symmettric Channel 10.9.5. Detection of Individual Photons
[Link]. Channel Capacity 10.10. Quantum Computing and Simulation
10.5.5. Shannon Theorems 10.10.1. Neutral Atoms in Dipolar Traps
10.5.6. Difference between Classic and Quantum Information 10.10.2. Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
10.5.7. Von Neumann Entropy 10.10.3. Ions in Paul Tramps
10.5.8. Schumacher Theorem 10.10.4. Superconducting Cubits
10.5.9. Holevo Information
10.5.10. Accessible Information and Holevo Limit
10.6. Quantum Computing
10.6.1. Turing Machines
10.6.2. Circuits and Classification of Complexity
10.6.3. Quantum Computer
10.6.4. Quantum Logic Gates
10.6.5. Deutsch-Josza and Simon´s Algorithm
10.6.6. Unstructured Search; Grover´s Algorithm
A 100% online program that will
10.6.7. RSA Encryption Method
10.6.8. Factorization: Shor Algorithm allow you to delve into astrophysics
10.7. Quantum Theory of the Light-Matter Interaction
and cosmology through the most
10.7.1. Two-Level Atom
10.7.2. AC-Stark Splitting innovative multimedia content in
10.7.3. Rabi Oscillations
academic education"
10.7.4. Light Dipole Force
10.8. Quantum Theory of the Light-Matter Interaction
10.8.1. Quantum States of the Electromagnetic Field
10.8.2. Jaynes-Cummings Model
10.8.3. The Problem of Decoherence
10.8.4. Treatment of Weisskopf-Wigner Model of Spontaneous Emission
05
Methodology
This academic program offers students a different way of learning. Our methodology
uses a cyclical learning approach: Relearning.
This teaching system is used, for example, in the most prestigious medical schools in
the world, and major publications such as the New England Journal of Medicine have
considered it to be one of the most effective.
 Methodology | 33

Discover Relearning, a system that abandons

conventional linear learning, to take you through
cyclical teaching systems: a way of learning that
has proven to be extremely effective, especially in
subjects that require memorization"
 34 | Methodology

Case Study to contextualize all content

Our program offers a revolutionary approach to developing skills and
knowledge. Our goal is to strengthen skills in a changing, competitive, and
highly demanding environment.

At TECH, you will experience a

learning methodology that is shaking
the foundations of traditional
universities around the world"

You will have access to a

learning system based on repetition,
with natural and progressive teaching
throughout the entire syllabus.
 Methodology | 35

A learning method that is different and innovative

This TECH program is an intensive educational program, created from scratch,
which presents the most demanding challenges and decisions in this field,
both nationally and internationally. This methodology promotes personal and
professional growth, representing a significant step towards success. The case
method, a technique that lays the foundation for this content, ensures that the
most current economic, social and professional reality is taken into account.

Our program prepares you to face new

challenges in uncertain environments
and achieve success in your career”

The case method is the most widely used learning system in the best faculties in the
world. The case method was developed in 1912 so that law students would not only
learn the law based on theoretical content. It consisted of presenting students with
real-life, complex situations for them to make informed decisions and value judgments
on how to resolve them. In 1924, Harvard adopted it as a standard teaching method.
The student will learn to solve What should a professional do in a given situation? This is the question that you are
complex situations in real business presented with in the case method, an action-oriented learning method. Throughout
environments through collaborative the program, the studies will be presented with multiple real cases. They will have to

activities and real cases. combine all their knowledge and research, and argue and defend
their ideas and decisions.
 36 | Methodology

Relearning Methodology
TECH effectively combines the Case Study methodology with a
100% online learning system based on repetition, which combines 8
different teaching elements in each lesson.

We enhance the Case Study with the best 100% online teaching
method: Relearning.

In 2019, we obtained the best learning

results of all online universities in the world.

At TECH, you will learn using a cutting-edge methodology designed

to train the executives of the future. This method, at the forefront of
international teaching, is called Relearning.

Our university is the only one in the world authorized to employ this
successful method. In 2019, we managed to improve our students'
overall satisfaction levels (teaching quality, quality of materials, course
structure, objectives...) based on the best online university indicators.
 Methodology | 37

In our program, learning is not a linear process, but rather a spiral (learn, unlearn,
forget, and re-learn). Therefore, we combine each of these elements concentrically.
This methodology has trained more than 650,000 university graduates with
unprecedented success in fields as diverse as biochemistry, genetics, surgery,
international law, management skills, sports science, philosophy, law, engineering,
journalism, history, and financial markets and instruments. All this in a highly
demanding environment, where the students have a strong socio-economic profile
and an average age of 43.5 years.

Relearning will allow you to learn with less effort and

better performance, involving you more in your training,
developing a critical mindset, defending arguments, and
contrasting opinions: a direct equation for success.

From the latest scientific evidence in the field of neuroscience, not only do we know
how to organize information, ideas, images and memories, but we know that the
place and context where we have learned something is fundamental for us to be able
to remember it and store it in the hippocampus, to retain it in our long-term memory.

In this way, and in what is called neurocognitive context-dependent e-learning, the

different elements in our program are connected to the context where the individual
carries out their professional activity.
 38 | Methodology

This program offers the best educational material, prepared with professionals in mind:

30%
Study Material
All teaching material is produced by the specialists who teach the course, specifically
for the course, so that the teaching content is highly specific and precise.
These contents are then applied to the audiovisual format, to create the TECH online
working method. All this, with the latest techniques that offer high quality pieces in each
and every one of the materials that are made available to the student.

Classes
There is scientific evidence suggesting that observing third-party experts can
be useful.
Learning from an Expert strengthens knowledge and memory, and generates
confidence in future difficult decisions.

Practising Skills and Abilities 10%

They will carry out activities to develop specific skills and abilities in each subject area.
Exercises and activities to acquire and develop the skills and abilities that a specialist
needs to develop in the context of the globalization that we are experiencing.

Additional Reading
8%
Recent articles, consensus documents and international guidelines, among others.
In TECH's virtual library, students will have access to everything they need to
complete their course.
 Methodology | 39

Case Studies
Students will complete a selection of the best case studies chosen specifically
for this program. Cases that are presented, analyzed, and supervised by the best
specialists in the world.

20%

Interactive Summaries
The TECH team presents the contents attractively and dynamically in multimedia
lessons that include audio, videos, images, diagrams, and concept maps in order to
reinforce knowledge.
This exclusive educational system for presenting multimedia content was awarded
by Microsoft as a "European Success Story".

25%
Testing & Retesting
We periodically evaluate and re-evaluate students’ knowledge throughout the
4% program, through assessment and self-assessment activities and exercises, so that
3% they can see how they are achieving their goals.
06
Certificate
The Professional Master’s Degree in Quantum Physics guarantees students, in
addition to the most rigorous and up-to-date education, access to a Professional
Master’s Degree issued by TECH Technological University.
 Certificate | 41

Successfully complete this program and receive

your university qualification without having to
travel or fill out laborious paperwork"
 42 | Certificate

This Professional Master's Degree in Quantum Physics contains the most complete The certificate issued by TECH Technological University will reflect the qualification
and up-to-date program on the market. obtained in the Professional Master's Degree, and meets the requirements commonly
demanded by labor exchanges, competitive examinations, and professional career
After the student has passed the assessments, they will receive their corresponding evaluation committees.
Professional Master’s Degree issued by TECH Technological University via tracked
delivery*. Title: Professional Master’s Degree in Quantum Physics
Official N° of hours: 1,500 h.

*Apostille Convention. In the event that the student wishes to have their paper certificate issued with an apostille, TECH EDUCATION will make the necessary arrangements to obtain it, at an additional cost.
Professional Master's
Degree
Quantum Physics
» Modality: online
» Duration: 12 months
» Certificate: TECH Technological University
» Dedication: 16h/week
» Schedule: at your own pace
» Exams: online
Professional Master's Degree
Quantum Physics