Unit Vector in the direction of_____

A vector with magnitude k units and in

the direction of____

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. If the position vectors of the vertices of a triangle be 6i + 4 j + 5 k, 4 i + 5 j + 6 k and 5 i + 6 j + 4 k,

then the triangle is

(a) Right angled (b) Isosceles (c) Equilateral (d) None of these
Sol: (c) Equilateral, since each side is of length 6 .
(i + j + k), (5 i + 3 j − 3 k)
2. The perimeter of the triangle whose vertices have the position vectors
and (2i + 5 j + 9 k), is given by
(a) 15 + 157 (b) 15 − 157 (c) 15 − 157 (d) 15 + 157 Sol: (a)
a = 4 i + 2 j − 4 k  | a | = 16 + 16 + 4 = 6

b = −3i + 2 j + 12k  | b | = 144 + 4 + 9 = 157

c = −i − 4 j − 8 k  | c | = 64 + 16 + 1 = 9

Hence perimeter is 15 + 157 .

3. The position vectors of two points A and B are i + j−k and 2i − j + k respectively. Then
| AB | =
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 Sol: (b)
AB = i − 2 j + 2k | AB | = 3.
4. The magnitudes of mutually perpendicular forces a, b and c are 2, 10 and 11 respectively.
Then the magnitude of its resultant is
(a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 9 (d) None Sol: (b)
R = 4 + 100 + 121 = 15.
5. The system of vectors 𝑖̂, 𝑗̂, 𝑘̂ is
(a) Orthogonal (b) Coplanar (c) Collinear (d) None of these Sol: (a)
It is a fundamental concept.
6. The direction cosines of the resultant of the vectors (i + j + k), (−i + j + k), (i − j + k) and (i + j − k),

are
 1 1 1   1 1 1   1 1 1   1 1 1 
   − ,− ,− 
 2, 3, 6  6, 6, 6  6 6 6   3, 3, 3
(a)   (b)   (c)  (d)   Sol: (d)
Resultant vector = 2i + 2 j + 2k.
 1 1 1 
 
 3 , 3 , 3 .
Direction cosines are  

7. The position vectors of P and Q are 5i + 4 j + ak and −i + 2 j − 2k respectively. If the distance

between them is 7, then the value of a will be
(a) - 5, 1 (b) 5, 1 (c) 0, 5 (d) 1, 0 Sol: (a)
7 = (5 + 1)2 + (4 − 2)2 + (a + 2)2  a + 2 = 3 a = −5, 1.
8. A zero vector has
(a) Any direction (b) No direction (c) Many directions (d) None of these Sol: (a)
Direction is not determined.

4 a +i +j
9. A unit vector a makes an angle with z-axis. If is a unit vector, then a is equal to

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 i j k i j k i j k
+ + + − − − +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these Sol: (c)
Let a = li + m j + nk, where l + m + n = 1.
2 2 2


a makes an angle 4 with z − axis.
1
n = , l2 + m 2 = 1
2 2 …..(i)
k
 a = li +m j+
2
k
a + i + j = (l + 1)i + (m + 1)j +
2
1
(l + 1)2 + (m + 1)2 =
Its magnitude is 1, hence 2 .....(ii)
1 1 1 −1
𝑙 2 + 1 + 2𝑙 + 𝑚2 + 1 + 2𝑚 = 2 ⟹ 2 + 2 + 2𝑙 + 2𝑚 = 2 ⇒ 𝑙 + 𝑚 = −1 ⇒ 𝑙 = 𝑚 = 2

From (i) and (ii),

i j k
a =− − +
2 2 2
Hence .
10. A force is a
(a) Unit vector (b) Localized vector (c) Zero vector (d) Free vector Sol: (b)
It is a fundamental concept.
ASSERTION AND REASON BASED QUESTIONS
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason(R).Pick the correct option:
A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true and Reason(R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true but Reason(R) is NOT the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason(R) is false.
D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason(R) is true.
1. Assertion : a × b = a × c then b = 𝜆 a + c
Reason : If a × b = 0 , a is collinear to b
      
Sol. [A] a  b = a  c , a  (b − c) = 0
  
i.e. b − c = a ⇒ 𝑏 ⃗⃗ = 𝜆𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗
2. Assertion : If a × b = c × d , and a × c = b × d then a – d is perpendicular to b – c .
Reason : If r is perpendicular to q then r . q = 0
Sol.[D](Assertion false & reason is true)
a× b = c× d … (1)
a × c = b × d … (2)
subtract
a × ( b – c ) = ( c – b ) × d ;( a – d ) × ( b – c ) = ⃗𝟎⃗ ; So a – d is parallel to b – c
→ → → → → →
3. Assertion : If three points P, Q, R have position vectors a , b , c respectively and 2 a + 3 b – 5 c = 0 ,
then the points P, Q, R must be collinear.
Reason: If for three points A, B, C, ; AB =  AC , then the points A, B, C must be collinear.

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 → → → →
Sol. [A] 2a + 3b – 5c = 0 , 3( b – a ) = 5( c – a )
→ → → →
, AB = 5 / 3 AC
b – a = 5 / 3( c – a )
AB & AC must be parallel since there is common point A. The points A, B , C must be
collinear.
4. Assertion: If the difference of two unit vectors is again a unit vector then angle between
them is 60o
     
Reason : If angle between a & b is acute than | a . b | < | a | | b |
Sol. [B]
 
5. Assertion : a = î + p ĵ + 2 k̂ and b = 2 î + 3 ĵ + q k̂ are parallel vector. If p =3/2, q = 4.
  a1 a a
Reason: If a = a1 î + a2 ĵ + a3 k̂ and b = b1 î + b2 ĵ + b3 k̂ are parallel = 2= 3
b1 b 2 b3
Sol. [A]
→ →
→ →  | a– b|
6. Assertion: If a & b are unit vectors & 𝜃 is the angle between them, then sin =
2 2
Reason : The number of vectors of unit length perpendicular to the vectors
→ →
a = î + ĵ & b = ĵ + k̂ is two :
→ → → → → → → →
Sol.[B] Assertion: | a – b |2 =| a |2+| b |2–2| a || b | cos 𝜃 = 2(1 – cos 𝜃) (| a |=| b |= 1)
→ →
→ →   | a– b |
2 2
| a – b | = 2.2 sin ⇒ sin =
2 2 2
→ →
Reason: Number of vectors of unit length perpendicular to the vectors a & b are two,
→ →
(a b)
i.e.± → →
| a b |
⃗⃗ then either a = 𝟎
7. Assertion: If a × b = 0 and a . b =𝟎 ⃗⃗ or b = 𝟎
⃗⃗
Reason: a × b = 𝟎 ⃗⃗ , a = 𝟎
⃗⃗, b = 𝟎
⃗⃗ or a is parallel to b .
⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
a . b = 0 , a = 𝟎, b = 𝟎 or a is perpendicular to b .
Sol: A
Since a cannot be both parallel and perpendicular to b , we have a = 0 or b = 0.
 
8. Assertion: If r = xî + yĵ + zk̂ then equation r  (2î − ĵ + 3k̂) = 3î + k̂ represent a straight line.
 
Reason: If r = xî + yĵ + zk̂ , then equation r  (î + 2 ĵ − 3k̂) = 2î − ĵ represent a straight line

Sol.[D] Reason:
î ĵ k̂

r  (î + 2 ĵ − 3k̂ ) = x y z = î (– 3y – 2z) – ĵ (– 3x – z) + k̂ (2x – y)
1 2 −3

– 3y – 2z = 2, 3x + z = – 1, 2x – y = 0
i.e. – 6x + 2z = 2, 3x + z = – 1
Straight line 2x – y = 0, 3x + z = – 1
Assertion :
î ĵ k̂

r  (2î − ĵ + 3k̂ ) = x y z = î (3y + z) – ĵ (3x – 2z) + k̂ (– x – 2y)
2 −1 3

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 3y + z = 3, 3x – 2z = 0, – x – 2y = 1, 3x – 2(3 – 3y) = 0, 3x + 6y = 6, x + 2y = 2
Now, x + 2y = – 1, x + 2y = 2 are parallel planes

r  (2î − ĵ + 3k̂) = 3î + k̂ is not a straight line

9. Assertion: Angle between 𝑖̂+ĵ and 𝑖̂is 450

Reason: 𝑖̂+ĵ is equally inclined to both ̂𝑖 and 𝑗̂ and the angle between 𝑖̂ and 𝑗̂ is 900
⃗⃗
⃗⃗.𝒃
𝒂
Sol: B ⇒ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = ⃗⃗|
|𝒂
⃗⃗||𝒃

10. Assertion: If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = −𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ , then |𝑎⃗| = |𝑏⃗⃗|
Reason: If |𝑎⃗| = |𝑏⃗⃗| , then it necessarily implies that 𝑎⃗ = ±𝑏⃗⃗. Sol. [C]
|𝑎⃗| = |𝑏⃗⃗| need not imply 𝑎⃗ = ±𝑏⃗⃗, eg: 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ and
𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
→ → → → → →
11. Assertion: For two nonzero vectors a and b , we have a . b = b . a
→ → → → → →
Reason: For two non-zero vectors a and b , we have a X b = b X a
Sol: [C] Fundamental concept
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝟑𝐢̂ - 𝐉̂ - 5𝐤
1. Given 𝐀𝐁 ̂ and co-ordinate of the terminal point is (0, 1, 3). Find the
coordinate of the initial point.
AB = 3î − Ĵ − 5k̂
SOL: Given ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
B (0, 1, 3)  ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = Ĵ + 3k̂ then ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OB OA = ?
We know that,
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OB − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OA = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OB − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB
OA = Ĵ + 3k̂ − ( 3î − Ĵ − 5k̂ ) = Ĵ + 3k̂ − 3î + Ĵ + 5k̂− = − 3î + 2Ĵ + 8k̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗ | = 5 and |𝐚⃗⃗  𝐛
2. If |𝐚⃗⃗| = 2, |𝐛 ⃗ | = 8, find the value of 𝐚⃗⃗• 𝐛
⃗.
SOL: Given |a⃗⃗| = 2, |b ⃗⃗| = 5 and |a⃗⃗  ⃗⃗
b| = 8, a⃗⃗• ⃗⃗
b=?
⃗⃗| Sin = 8
|a⃗⃗ ||b  (2)(5) Sin = 8
4 3
Then, Sin = and Cos =
5 5
3
⃗⃗ = |a⃗⃗ ||b
a⃗⃗ . b ⃗⃗| Cosθ = (2)(5) = 6
5
𝛉
3. If 𝐚⃗⃗ , ⃗𝐛 are any two unit vectors and  is the angle between them, then show that 𝐒𝐢𝐧 (𝟐) =
𝟏
⃗|
|𝐚⃗⃗ − 𝐛
𝟐
⃗⃗| = 1,
SOL: Given |a⃗⃗| = 1, |b a⃗⃗ . a⃗⃗ = |a⃗⃗ ||a⃗⃗| Cos 0 = |a⃗⃗ |2 = a2
2
|a⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗| 2 − 2 a⃗⃗ • ⃗⃗
b| = |a⃗⃗| 2 + |b ⃗⃗| Cosθ
b = (1)2 + (1)2 − 2 |a⃗⃗ ||b
= 1 + 1 − 2 (1)(1) Cosθ = 2( 1 − Cosθ )
θ
= 2 (2 Sin2 )  |a⃗⃗ − b ⃗⃗| = 2 Sin θ θ 1
⃗⃗|
, Sin ( ) = |a⃗⃗ − b
2 2 2 2
̂ and ⃗𝐛 =3𝐈̂ + 𝐉̂ - 𝟓𝐤
4. If 𝐚⃗⃗ = 𝐢̂ +2 𝐉̂ - 𝐤 ̂ , find a unit vector in the direction of 𝐚⃗⃗ − ⃗𝐛
SOL: Given: a⃗⃗ = î + 2Ĵ − k̂ and ⃗⃗ b =3î + Ĵ − 5k̂
Then, ⃗⃗ = î + 2Ĵ − k̂ − ( 3î + Ĵ − 5k̂) = −2î + Ĵ + 4k̂ = c⃗ (say)
a⃗⃗ − b
c⃗⃗
A unit vector in the direction of c⃗ is |c⃗⃗|
c⃗⃗ ̂
−2î + Ĵ + 4k −2î Ĵ ̂
4k
Unit vector in the direction 𝑜𝑓 c⃗ = |c⃗⃗|
= = + +
√4+1+16 √ 21 √ 21 √21
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 ̂ and 𝟑𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐉̂ + 𝐤
5. If the position vectors of the points A and B are 𝟐𝐢̂ + 𝟑𝐉̂ − 𝐤 ̂ then find
the vector of magnitude 6 units in the direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐀𝐁
OA = 2î + 3Ĵ − k̂ and OB
SOL: Given ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3î + 2Ĵ + k̂ then ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB = OB⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂
OA = î − Ĵ + 2k
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB ̂
î− Ĵ + 2k î Ĵ ̂
2k
A Unit vector in the direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗|
= = − +
|AB √1 +1+4 √6 √6 √6
î Ĵ ̂
2k
The vector of magnitude 6 units in the direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB = 6 ( − + )
√6 √6 √6
6. If P (1, 5, 4) and Q (4, 1, -2), find the direction ratios of 𝐏𝐐 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
SOL: Let P (1, 5, 4) and Q (4, 1, -2), then ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ OP = î + 5Ĵ + 4k̂ OQ = 4î + Ĵ − 2k̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = OQ
and PQ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3î − 4Ĵ − 6k̂ .
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − OP
The direction ratios of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
PQ = 3, – 4, – 6
7. Find , if the vectors 𝟑𝐢̂ + 𝐉̂ − 𝟓𝐤 ̂ and 𝟑𝐢̂ + 𝐉̂ − 𝐤̂ are parallel
SOL: The vectors 3î + Ĵ − 5k̂ and 3î + Ĵ − k̂ are parallel
3 1 −5
Then, = = So,  = 5
3 1 −
8. Find , if the vectors 𝟑𝐢̂ − 𝐉̂ − 𝟓𝐤 ̂ and 𝟐𝐢̂ + 𝟑𝐉̂ − 𝐤
̂ are perpendicular
b = 2î + 3Ĵ − k̂
SOL: Let a⃗⃗ = 3î − Ĵ − 5k̂ and ⃗⃗
If a⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗
b are perpendicular then a⃗⃗• ⃗⃗ b=0
−3
→ 3(2) –1(3) –5 (− ) = 0  5 = –3 then  = 5
̂ and 𝐛
9. If 𝐚⃗⃗ = 𝟒𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐉̂ − 𝐤 ⃗ =𝟓𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐉̂ − 𝟑𝐤 ̂ find the angle between 𝐚 ⃗ and 𝐚⃗⃗ − 𝐛
⃗⃗ + 𝐛 ⃗
SOL: Let a⃗⃗ = 4î + 2Ĵ − k̂ and b
⃗⃗ = 5î + 2Ĵ − 3k̂
Then a⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗
b = 9î + 4Ĵ − 4k̂ = c⃗ , a⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗
b = −î + 2k̂ = ⃗⃗
d
⃗⃗
c⃗⃗ .d 9(−1) + 4(0) − 4(2) (−17)
So, the angle between c⃗ and ⃗⃗
d = Cosθ = ⃗⃗|
= =
|c
⃗⃗ ||d √81 + 16 + 16 √1 + 4 √113 √5

10. Find the projection of 𝐚⃗⃗ = 𝐢̂ + 𝐉̂ + 𝟒𝐤 ̂ on ⃗𝐛 = 2𝐢̂ + 𝐉̂ + 𝟐𝐤̂

SOL: Given the projection of a⃗⃗ = î + Ĵ + 4k̂ on ⃗⃗ b = 2î + Ĵ + 2k̂
a ⃗⃗
⃗⃗ .b 1(2) + 1(1) + 4(2) 11
Projection of a⃗⃗ on ⃗⃗
b = =
⃗⃗ |
=
|b √4 + 1 + 4 3
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Find the position vector of a point R which divided the line segment joining the points P
̂ and −𝐢̂ + 𝐣̂ + 𝐤
and Q with position vectors 𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐣̂ − 𝐤 ̂ respectively in the ration 2 : 1
i) internally ii) externally.

SOL: The position vector of a point R which divided the line segment joining the points P and Q
with position vectors î + 2ĵ − k̂ and −î + ĵ + k̂ respectively in the ration 2 : 1
⃗ +𝐧 𝐚⃗⃗
𝐦𝐛 ̂ ) + 𝟏 (𝐢̂ +𝟐𝐣̂− 𝐤
𝟐(−𝐢̂ +𝐣̂+ 𝐤 ̂) ̂ + 𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐣̂ − 𝐤
−𝟐𝐢̂ +𝟐𝐣̂+ 𝟐𝐤 ̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
Position Vector of a Point R is 𝐎𝐑 = = =
𝐦+𝐧 𝟐+𝟏 𝟑
̂
−𝐢̂ + 𝟒𝐣̂ +𝐤
𝟑
2. Show that the points A (2, 6, 3), B (1, 2, 7) and C (3, 10, -1) are collinear.
SOL: Given points A (2, 6, 3), B (1, 2, 7) and C (3, 10, –1)
OA = 2î + 6Ĵ + 3k̂ , OB
Then, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = î + 2Ĵ + 7k̂ , OC = 3î + 10Ĵ − k̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ OA = −î − 4Ĵ + 4k̂
OB − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AC = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ OA = î + 4Ĵ − 4k̂
OC − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

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 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB = (−1) AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB is parallel to AC⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and A is common point. (Alter [Link] of two
vectors are in proportional) So, the given points A, B, C are collinear
3. ⃗⃗ , ⃗𝒃⃗ and 𝒄
If 𝒂 ⃗⃗ are three - unit vectors such that 𝒂 ⃗⃗ + ⃗𝒃⃗ + 𝒄 ⃗⃗ × ⃗𝒃⃗ = ⃗𝒃⃗ × 𝒄
⃗⃗ = ⃗𝟎⃗, prove that 𝒂 ⃗⃗
=𝒄
⃗⃗ × 𝒂
⃗⃗.
SOL: Given a⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗ b and c⃗ are three vectors such that a⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗ b + c⃗ = 0 a⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗b = −c⃗
By pre cross multiplication of a⃗⃗ and b on both the sides respectively, we have
a⃗⃗ X (a⃗⃗ + b⃗⃗ ) = − a⃗⃗ X c⃗ implies a⃗⃗ X a⃗⃗ + a⃗⃗ X b
⃗⃗ = − a⃗⃗ X c⃗ that is a⃗⃗ X b
⃗⃗ = c⃗ X a⃗⃗ ….(1)
⃗⃗ X (a⃗⃗ + b
b ⃗⃗ ) = − b⃗⃗ X c⃗ ⇒ ⃗⃗ X a⃗⃗ + b
b ⃗⃗ X b
⃗⃗ = − b ⃗⃗ X c⃗ ⇒ a⃗⃗ X b
⃗⃗ = b
⃗⃗ X c⃗ ….(2)
From (1) and (2), we conclude that a⃗⃗ X b ⃗⃗ = b ⃗⃗ X c⃗ = c⃗ X ⃗⃗⃗a
4. Find the area of the parallelogram with diagonals 𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝑱̂ + 𝟐𝒌 ̂ and 𝒊̂ − 𝟑𝑱̂ + 𝟒𝒌
̂.
1
SOL: If ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ d1 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
d2 are diagonals of Parallelogram then Area = 2 |d ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 X ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
d2 |
î ĵ k̂ î ĵ k̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
d1 X d2 = |a1 a2 a3 | = |3 1 2 |
b1 b2 b3 1 −3 4
. = î(4 + 6) − J(12 − 2) + k(−9 − 1) = 10î − 10Ĵ − 10k̂
̂ ̂
|d⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 X ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
d2 | = √100 + 100 + 100 = 10√3
1
Area of Parallelogram = |d ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ X ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
d2 | = 5√3 square units
2 1
5. Find the unit vector perpendicular to vector 𝒂 ⃗⃗ = 𝒊̂ − 𝟕𝑱̂ + 𝟕𝒌 ̂ and ⃗𝒃⃗ = 𝟑𝒊̂ − 𝟐𝑱̂ + 𝟐𝒌
̂
SOL: Given a⃗⃗ = î − 7Ĵ + 7k̂ , b ⃗⃗ = 3î − 2Ĵ + 2k̂

⃗⃗ X b
a ⃗⃗
A Unit vector perpendicular to a⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗
b = n̂ =
⃗⃗ X ⃗b⃗|
|a

î ĵ k̂ î ĵ k̂
⃗⃗ = |a1 a2 a3 | = |1 −7 7 |
a⃗⃗ X b
b1 b2 b3 3 −2 2
. = î(−14 + 14) − Ĵ(2 − 21) + k̂(−2 + 21) = 19Ĵ − 19k̂
|a⃗⃗ X b⃗⃗ | = √(19)2 + (19)2 = 19√2
⃗⃗ X ⃗b⃗
a ̂
19Ĵ−19k ̂
𝑗̂ −𝑘
A Unit vector perpendicular to a⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗
b = n̂ = ⃗⃗|
= =
|a
⃗⃗ X b 19√2 √2

6. Show that (𝐚⃗⃗ − 𝐛 ⃗ )𝐗 (𝐚⃗⃗ + 𝐛 ⃗ ) = 𝟐 (𝐚⃗⃗ 𝐗 𝐛

⃗ )
SOL: LHS = (a⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗ b )X (a⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗b) Note: a⃗⃗ X ⃗⃗
b = − ⃗⃗ b X a⃗⃗
⃗⃗) − (b
= (a⃗⃗ X a⃗⃗ ) + (a⃗⃗ X b ⃗⃗ X a⃗⃗) − (b
⃗⃗ X b
⃗⃗) = 0 + (a⃗⃗ X b ⃗⃗) + ( a⃗⃗ X b
⃗⃗ ) − 0
= 2 (a⃗⃗ X ⃗⃗ b)
7. If 𝒂 ⃗⃗ are any two unit vectors and  is the angle between them, then show that
⃗⃗ , 𝒃
𝜽 𝟏
𝑪𝒐𝒔 ( ) = |𝒂 ⃗⃗ + ⃗𝒃⃗|
𝟐 𝟐
⃗⃗| = 1, we have a⃗⃗ . a⃗⃗ = |a⃗⃗ ||a⃗⃗| Cos 0 = |a⃗⃗ |2 = a2
SOL: Given |a⃗⃗| = 1, |b
2
|a⃗⃗ + b ⃗⃗| 2 + 2 a⃗⃗ • b
⃗⃗| = |a⃗⃗| 2 + |b ⃗⃗
= (1)2 + (1)2 + 2 |a⃗⃗ ||b ⃗⃗| Cosθ; = 1 + 1 + 2 (1)(1) Cosθ
θ
= 2( 1 + Cosθ ) = 2 (2 Cos2 2)
⃗⃗| = 2 Cos θ
|a⃗⃗ + b then
θ
Cos (2) =
1
⃗⃗|
|a⃗⃗ + b
2 2

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS 12 MATHEMATICS(2025-26) 111 | P a g e

 
8. If 𝒂 ⃗⃗ and 𝒄
⃗⃗ , 𝒃 ⃗⃗ are 3 vectors with magnitudes 3,4 and 5 respectively and 𝒂 ⃗⃗ + 𝒄
⃗⃗ + 𝒃 ⃗⃗ = 0
find 𝒂⃗⃗ . ⃗𝒃⃗ + ⃗𝒃⃗ . 𝒄
⃗⃗ + 𝒄
⃗⃗ . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒂

SOL: Given |a⃗⃗| = 3, |b| = 5, |c⃗| = 4 , a⃗⃗ + b + c⃗ = 0
⃗⃗
2
(a⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗
b + c⃗) = (a⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗ b + c⃗). (a⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗
b + c⃗)
= |a⃗⃗| + |b| + |c⃗| 2 + 2 a⃗⃗ • ⃗⃗
2 2
b • c⃗ + 2 c⃗ • a⃗⃗
b + 2 ⃗⃗
0 = 9 + 25 + 16 + 2 ( a⃗⃗ • b + b • c⃗ + c⃗ • a⃗⃗ )
⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
−50
a⃗⃗ • ⃗⃗
b + ⃗⃗ b • c⃗ + c⃗ • a⃗⃗ = =-25
2

9. If 𝐚⃗⃗ = 𝟐𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐉̂ + 𝟑𝐤 ̂ ⃗𝐛 = −𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐉̂ + 𝐤 ̂ and 𝐜⃗ = 𝟑𝐢̂ + 𝐉̂ are such that 𝐚 ⃗ is
⃗⃗ + 𝛌𝐛
perpendicular to 𝐜⃗ then find the value of 𝛌
SOL: Given a⃗⃗ = 2î + 2Ĵ + 3k̂ ⃗⃗
b = −î + 2Ĵ + k̂ c⃗ = 3î + Ĵ
a⃗⃗ + λb ⃗⃗ = 2î + 2Ĵ + 3k̂ + λ(−î + 2Ĵ + k̂) = (2 − λ)î + (2 + 2λ)Ĵ + (3 + λ)k̂
a⃗⃗ + λb ⃗⃗ is perpendicular to c⃗ ⇒ (a⃗⃗ + λb ⃗⃗ ). c⃗ = 0
(3)(2 − λ) + (1)(2 + 2λ) + (0)(3 + λ) = 0 ⇒ 6 − 3λ + 2 + 2λ = 0 ⇒ λ = 8
10. If 𝐚⃗⃗ = 𝐢̂ + 𝛂𝐉̂ + 𝟐𝐤 ̂ , ⃗𝐛 = 𝛃𝐢̂ + 𝐉̂ − 𝐤
̂ are orthogonal and | 𝐚⃗⃗| = | ⃗𝐛| then find the values of 𝛂 and 𝛃.

SOL: Given a⃗⃗ = î + αĴ + 2k̂, ⃗⃗

b = βî + Ĵ − k̂ are orthogonal and | a⃗⃗| = | ⃗⃗
b|

𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 0 ⇒ 1. 𝛽 + 𝛼. 1 + 2. −1 = 0 ⇒ 𝛽 + 𝛼 = 2 − − − (1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑

√12 + 𝛼 2 + 22 = √𝛽 2 + 12 + (−1)2 ⇒ 𝛼 2 + 5 = 𝛽 2 + 2 ⇒ 𝛽 2 − 𝛼 2 = +3
3 1 7
Implies 𝛽 − 𝛼 = − − − (2) by solving (1) and (2) 𝛼 = , 𝛽 =
2 4 4

CASE BASED TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Relative to a fixed origin O, the points A, B and C have respective position vectors 𝒊̂ +
𝟏𝟎𝒌 ̂ , 𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝟑𝒋̂ + 𝟕𝒌
̂ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟖𝒊̂ + 𝟕𝒋̂ + 𝟑𝒌 ̂.
(i) Show that A,B and C are collinear, and find the ration AB:BC.
(ii) Calculate the area of the triangle OAC.
Sol:
𝐴𝐵 =(4𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ )-( 𝑖̂ + 10𝑘̂) = 3𝑖̂ + 3𝑗 − 3𝑘̂
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(8𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ )-(4𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂) = 4𝑖̂ + 4𝑗 − 4𝑘̂
𝐵𝐶
Clearly, the direction ratios of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , B is a common point, so A,B and C are
𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐶
collinear. Ratio of AB:BC is 3:4
1
(ii) Area of triangle ABC= |𝐴𝐶||𝑂𝐵| 2

1 1
̂ |√74
=2 |(𝑂𝐶) − (𝑂𝐴)| √42 + 32 + 72 =2 |(7𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ − 7𝑘)

1 7
=2 √10878 = 2 √222 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
     
2. Let a = 2î + 3 ĵ − 6k̂, b = 2î − 3 ĵ + 6k̂ and c = −2î + 3 ĵ + 6k̂ . Let a 1 be projection of a on b and
  
a 2 be the projection of a 1 on c , then
  
(i) Find the vector a 2 (ii) Find the value of a 1 .b

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS 12 MATHEMATICS(2025-26) 112 | P a g e

 Sol.
  (2î − 3 ĵ + 6k̂ )  2î − 3 ĵ + 6k̂ −41
(i) a 1 = (2î + 3 ĵ − 6k̂).  = (2î − 3 ĵ + 6k̂ )
 7  7 49

 − 41  (−2î + 3 ĵ + 6k̂)  − 2î + 3 ĵ + 6k̂ − 41

a2 = (2î − 3 ĵ + 6k̂).  = (– 4 – 9 + 36) (–2î + 3 ĵ + 6k̂)
49  7  7 ( 49 ) 2

943
= (2î − 3 ĵ − 6k̂)
49 2
− 41 
(ii) . a 1 . b =
(2î − 3 ĵ + 6k̂ )( 2î − 3 ĵ + 6k̂ ) = – 41 .
49
     
3. If each of a , b , c is orthogonal to the sum of the two. Also given | a | = 3, | b | = 4, | c | = 5.
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.

(i) If a makes angles of equal measures with all three axes, then the tangent of angle
becomes.
   
(ii) If a . c = 9 then the value of | a × b |
 
(iii) Find the range of the value | a – b | (OR)
  
Find the Value of | a + b + c |
  
Sol: Given that, | a | = 3, | b | = 4, | c | = 5-------(1)
  
And also, a , b , c is orthogonal to the sum of the two then
𝑎⃗. (𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗) = 0 ⇒ 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 0
𝑏⃗⃗. (𝑐⃗ + 𝑎⃗) = 0 ⇒ 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑎⃗ = 0
𝑐⃗. (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) = 0 ⇒ 𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗. 𝑏 = 0
So, by adding above equations then
2(𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗) = 0 − − − −(2)

(i) If a makes angles of equal measures with all three axes then
1
3𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = ± Then 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝜃 = ±√2
√3
  3
(ii) If a . c = 9 ⇒ 3.4 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎⃗, 𝑐⃗) = 9 ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = (𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 0)
4
−3
𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = −𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = −9 ⇒ |𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗⃗|𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗) = −9 ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ ) = 4
√7   √7
Then, sin ((𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗)) = 4 | a × b |=3.4 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = 12. = 3√7
4
 
then the value of | a × b |=3√7
  2
(iii) | a − b |2 = |𝑎⃗|2 |𝑏⃗⃗| − 2(𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗) = 9.16 − 2.3.4(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) = 25 − 24[−1,1] = [1,49]
 
| a – b |=[1,7] (OR)
  2
| a + b + 𝑐⃗|2 = |𝑎⃗|2 + |𝑏⃗⃗| +|𝑐⃗|2 + 2(𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗)
= 9+16+25+0 =50
⃗⃗
Then, |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏 + 𝑐⃗| = √50 = 5√2

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS 12 MATHEMATICS(2025-26) 113 | P a g e