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Evolution and 8085 Microprocessor Notes

The document outlines the evolution of microprocessors, detailing their progression from the 4-bit Intel 4004 in 1971 to the 32-bit+ Intel Pentium, highlighting improvements in word size, clock speed, and transistor count. It also focuses on the Intel 8085 microprocessor, an 8-bit general-purpose chip introduced in 1976, which features a 16-bit address bus and operates at clock speeds of 3 to 6 MHz. The 8085 was widely used in education and small applications, supporting various I/O operations and interrupts.

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4 views1 page

Evolution and 8085 Microprocessor Notes

The document outlines the evolution of microprocessors, detailing their progression from the 4-bit Intel 4004 in 1971 to the 32-bit+ Intel Pentium, highlighting improvements in word size, clock speed, and transistor count. It also focuses on the Intel 8085 microprocessor, an 8-bit general-purpose chip introduced in 1976, which features a 16-bit address bus and operates at clock speeds of 3 to 6 MHz. The 8085 was widely used in education and small applications, supporting various I/O operations and interrupts.

Uploaded by

ssimrakhann
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Notes on Evolution of Microprocessors & 8085

Microprocessor

1. Evolution of Microprocessors
A microprocessor is a CPU on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip. It performs arithmetic, logical,
control, and input/output operations. Key aspects include word length, clock speed, instruction set,
and addressing capacity.

Generation Key Examples Word Size Features


1st (1971) Intel 4004 4-bit Basic, used in calculators
2nd Intel 8008, 8080 8-bit Better instructions, higher clock speed
3rd Intel 8086, 8088 16-bit Basis of x86, multitasking
4th Intel 80386, Pentium 32-bit+ Cache memory, virtual memory, multiprocessing

Trends in Evolution
- Word size increased from 4-bit to 64-bit.
- Clock speeds improved from MHz to GHz.
- Transistor count increased, allowing cache and multiprocessing.
- Integration of additional features like floating point units and GPUs.

2. 8085 Microprocessor
The Intel 8085 is an 8-bit general-purpose microprocessor introduced in 1976. It was widely used in
teaching, training, and small applications.

Key Features
- 8-bit microprocessor with 74 instructions and 246 opcodes.
- 16-bit address bus → can address 64 KB memory.
- 8-bit data bus.
- Operates at 3 MHz to 6 MHz clock speed.
- Requires +5V power supply.
- Contains 5 general purpose registers (B, C, D, E, H, L).
- Contains accumulator, flag register, stack pointer, and program counter.
- Supports serial and parallel I/O.
- Has 5 hardware and 8 software interrupts.

Applications
- Used in simple control systems.
- Widely used for educational purposes.
- Early computing and embedded system projects.
- Instrumentation and small-scale automation.

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